CN101863695B - Microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101863695B CN101863695B CN2010102038772A CN201010203877A CN101863695B CN 101863695 B CN101863695 B CN 101863695B CN 2010102038772 A CN2010102038772 A CN 2010102038772A CN 201010203877 A CN201010203877 A CN 201010203877A CN 101863695 B CN101863695 B CN 101863695B
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000726221 Gemma Species 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012257 stirred material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000722824 Ardisia crenata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000257652 Baphicacanthus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000106835 Bindesalat Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000318 Bindesalat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to a microbial organic fertilizer prepared from plants, manure and rice husk ash and a preparation method thereof. The microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from 25 to 50 percent of residue after plant extraction, 20 to 40 percent of stalk, 10 to 40 percent of manure, 0.5 to 8 percent of organic materials starter and 10 to 40 percent of rice husk ash. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing the residue after the plant extraction, crushed stalk and the manure, and adding the organic material starter, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into a fermenting tank for high-temperature aerobic fermentation, uniformly mixing the fermented material and the rice husk ash, crushing and drying. The microbial organic fertilizer has the advantages of complete nutrient elements, lasting fertilizer efficiency, high fertilizer utilization rate, improvement of soil structure, small environmental pollution, and improvement of crop quality, and is suitable for all grain crops, vegetables, melons and fruits, flowers and grass, fruit trees, forest, tobacco, greenhouses, plastic tents and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural fertilizer field, relate in particular to biological organic fertilizer of a kind of plant and fowl and animal excrement, rice husk ash and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fertilizer is the grain of farm crop, and rationally applying fertilizer is one of important factor of guaranteeing higher yield of crops, stable yields and promotion China agricultural tremendous development.Fertilizer mainly is divided into mineral manure and organic fertilizer, and wherein mineral manure is called chemical fertilizer again, like nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer etc.In the agricultural, use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals in a large number owing to pursue agricultural year in modern times, these chemical are manured into soil; Make the hardening of hardening of the physical chemistry and the biochemical property rapid deterioration of soil, soil property, mikrobe is eliminated; Organic loss is serious; Soil fertility descends and makes the fertilization effect variation, and the farm crop pathology is multiple, and originally soil has lost balance of nature.And organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient effectively, increases the soil organism and fertility, reduces the applications of pesticide, makes agricultural-food avoid polluting, and optimizes ecological environment of soil, improves agricultural-food taste back to nature.But the fertilizer of China's use at present mainly is a farm manure, i.e. the people, animal poultry manure of peasant household and mound fermentation is processed, and quantity is few, and organic matter and nutrient content are not high in the fertilizer, and useful microbe quantity is few.
Summary of the invention
Said defective above the objective of the invention is to be directed against provides that a kind of nutritive element is complete, lasting fertilizer effect, raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, the structure of improving the soil, reduces environmental pollution, improves the biological organic fertilizer of crop quality.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of biological organic fertilizer.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through following technique means:
A kind of biological organic fertilizer; Form by residue, stalk, fowl and animal excrement, organic materials starter and rice husk ash after the plant extract; Wherein, the weight ratio of said component is: residue 25-50%, stalk 20-40%, fowl and animal excrement 10-40%, organic materials starter 0.5-8%, rice husk ash 10-40% after the plant extract.
Residue is the thick remainder of pouncing on after leaf, root of Common baphicacanthus, Herba Pileae Scriptae, peppermint, purple perilla and other spice berry are extracted volatile oil of recessed leaf after the said plant extract.
Effective active bacterium number >=0.60 hundred million/g in the said organic materials starter.
Described organic materials starter is for including yeast, genus bacillus, filamentous fungus, actinomycetic pulvis.
Said genus bacillus is gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillusmelgaterium), the gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosns) with phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing effect.
A kind of preparation method of biological organic fertilizer is characterized in that, with mixing with fowl and animal excrement after residue, the crushed stalk after the plant extract; Add the organic materials starter then, mix and put into fermenting tank for fermentation, fermentation time 30-60 days; Regulate fermentation materials pH value and humidity, carry out high-temperature aerobic fermentation, inflate 1-3 time through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit every day; Each 0.5-1.5 hour, the stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirred material, makes the abundant aeration of material; After the material that ferments and rice husk ash mixed in proportion, pulverize oven dry, both biological organic fertilizer.
Plant extract residue, crushed stalk reach particle diameter 3-15 millimeter, and leavening temperature 55-80 ℃, pH value 7-8, humidity is 45-70%, will ferment material and rice husk ash mixture and be crushed to 10-100 order and oven dry.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, nutritive element is complete, and lasting fertilizer effect can reach the purpose of increasing both production and income.
The present invention is a full nutritive element fertilizer; Not only contain a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three big key elements, and contain the necessary multiple middle amount of plant-growth, trace element and multiple organic cpds, contain a large amount of useful microbes simultaneously; Both had immediate effect; Have long-actingly again, can satisfy the nutritional need of farm crop comprehensively, have water conservation again concurrently, protect fertilizer, slowly-releasing, improve the soil, effects such as bioactivation and biological control.
2, improve crop quality, reduce nitrate salt and heavy metal content.
The present invention is applied to the farmland of using chemical fertilizer all the year round, and to eliminating soil compaction, recovery soil fertility etc. has better effect.Prove through field fertilizer efficiency simultaneous test for many years, and compare amount of increase in production 10%-15% such as Cereals crop, fruit tree, average out to 12% with the matrix chemical fertilizer; Vegetables amount of increase in production 15%-26%, average out to 20%.Use the present invention, can obviously improve quality of agricultural product, various fruit can improve sugar degree 2-5 degree, improve the fruit color index, and pericarp is thin, mouthfeel is good, to the quality of vegetable effect that also improves significantly, and obviously reduce nitrate salt and heavy metal content.Romaine lettuce experiment nitrate content, that the present invention handles is 342.6mg/kg, reduces 80mg/kg than chemical fertilizer.Use biological organic fertilizer and also can improve Vc, reducing sugar content in the vegetables body, reduce the content of heavy metal.
3, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce environmental pollution.
Use the present invention not only to reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer; And a small amount of chemical fertilizer that gets into soil is in steady state under action of microorganisms; Help absorbing of crop; Improved fertilizer utilization ratio, suppressed chemical fertilizer and get into underground water or flow into rivers and lakes, reduced environmental pollution with the rainwater leaching.
4, the structure of improving the soil helps upgrading low-and medium-yield farmland.
The organic matter that is rich among the present invention can improve soil physical property, increases soil aggregate, thereby makes loosing soil, reduces soil compaction, helps water conservation, protects fertilizer, ventilates and promote root system development, for farm crop provide comfortable growing environment.
5, drought-resistant water-preserving.
Organic matter and soil ulmin are rich in the present invention, the openness of adjustable crop pore, and these materials and beneficial microorganism meta-bolites (enzyme) synergy can improve the comprehensive resist ability of crop, thereby improve the drought-resistant ability of crop.The enhancing of soil aggregate impels permeability capillaceous, has guaranteed the running of soil moisture, has improved the utilization ratio of soil moisture.
6, this product is applicable to all food crop, vegetables, melon and fruit, flowers and plants, fruit tree, forest, tobacco, greenhouse, booth etc.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.These embodiment only be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Take by weighing: residue, 260kg stalk, 200kg fowl and animal excrement, 40kg organic materials starter, 200kg rice husk ash after the 300kg plant extract prepare by following working method then:
Earlier residue after the plant extract and stalk are mixed the particle that is crushed into 5 millimeters, mix, will mix material and put into fermentation vat, regulate pH value 7.6 with fowl and animal excrement, organic materials starter; Humidity is 60%, carries out high-temperature aerobic fermentation, 65 ℃ of temperature, fermentation time 45 days; Inflate 1 time through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit preceding 10 day every day in the fermenting process, and each 0.75 hour, the stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirred material; Make the abundant aeration of material, inflate 2 times each 1 hour every day after the 10th day through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit; The stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirs material, makes the abundant aeration of material, and the material and the rice husk ash that will become thoroughly decomposed mix; Be crushed to 40 orders and oven dry, obtain biological organic fertilizer, divide 25kg/ bag packing.
Embodiment 2:
Take by weighing: residue, 300kg stalk, 100kg fowl and animal excrement, 80kg organic materials starter, 170kg rice husk ash after the 350kg plant extract prepare by following working method then:
Earlier residue after the plant extract and stalk are mixed the particle that is crushed into 15 millimeters, mix, will mix material and put into fermentation vat, regulate pH value 8 with fowl and animal excrement, organic materials starter; Humidity is 50%, carries out high-temperature aerobic fermentation, about 75 ℃ of temperature; Fermentation time 30 days, inflate 2 times each 1 hour every day in the fermenting process through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit; The stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirs material, makes the abundant aeration of material, and the material and the rice husk ash that will become thoroughly decomposed mix; Be crushed to 80 orders and oven dry, obtain biological organic fertilizer, divide 25kg/ bag packing.
Embodiment 3:
Take by weighing: residue, 250kg stalk, 250kg fowl and animal excrement, 30kg organic materials starter, 220kg rice husk ash after the 250kg plant extract prepare by following working method then:
Earlier residue after the plant extract and stalk are mixed the particle that is crushed into 3 millimeters, mix, will mix material and put into fermentation vat, regulate pH value 7 with fowl and animal excrement, organic materials starter; Humidity is 45%, carries out high-temperature aerobic fermentation, about 55 ℃ of temperature; Fermentation time 55 days, inflate 3 times each 0.5 hour every day in the fermenting process through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit; The stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirs material, makes the abundant aeration of material, and the material and the rice husk ash that will become thoroughly decomposed mix; Be crushed to 30 orders and oven dry, obtain biological organic fertilizer, divide 25kg/ bag packing.
Claims (7)
1. biological organic fertilizer; Be made up of residue, stalk, fowl and animal excrement, organic materials starter and rice husk ash after the plant extract, it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of said component is: residue 25-50%, stalk 20-40%, fowl and animal excrement 10-40%, organic materials starter 0.5-8%, rice husk ash 10-40% after the plant extract; Its preparation method is: with mixing with fowl and animal excrement after residue, the crushed stalk after the plant extract, add the organic materials starter then, mix and put into fermenting tank for fermentation; Fermentation time 30-60 days, regulate fermentation materials pH value and humidity, carry out high-temperature aerobic fermentation; Inflate 1-3 time through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit every day, and each 0.5-1.5 hour, the stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirred material; Make the abundant aeration of material; After the material that ferments and rice husk ash mixed in proportion, pulverize oven dry, both biological organic fertilizer.
2. a kind of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: residue is the thick remainder of pouncing on after leaf, root of Common baphicacanthus, Herba Pileae Scriptae, peppermint, purple perilla and other spice berry are extracted volatile oil of recessed leaf after the said plant extract.
3. a kind of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the effective active bacterium number >=0.60 hundred million/g in the said organic materials starter.
4. a kind of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organic materials starter is for including yeast, genus bacillus, filamentous fungus, actinomycetic pulvis.
5. a kind of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said genus bacillus is gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria.
6. the preparation method of the described a kind of biological organic fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that: with mixing with fowl and animal excrement after residue, the crushed stalk after the plant extract, add the organic materials starter then; Mix and put into fermenting tank for fermentation, fermentation time 30-60 days, regulate fermentation materials pH value and humidity; Carry out high-temperature aerobic fermentation, inflate 1-3 time through the material of aeration tube in fermentation vat of fermentation unit every day, each 0.5-1.5 hour; The stirring system that starts fermentation unit simultaneously stirs material, makes the abundant aeration of material, after the material that ferments and rice husk ash are mixed in proportion; Pulverize oven dry, both got biological organic fertilizer.
7. the preparation method of a kind of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: plant extract residue, crushed stalk reach particle diameter 3-15 millimeter; Leavening temperature 55-80 ℃; PH value 7-8, humidity is 45-70%, will ferment material and rice husk ash mixture and be crushed to 10-100 order and oven dry.
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US5401291A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1995-03-28 | Inoue; Satoshi | Method for manufacturing of organic fertilizers and device thereof |
CN1223298A (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 1999-07-21 | 李雅君 | Micro-organism, micro-organism products, high-efficiency organic and inorganic micro-organism compound fertilizer |
CN1398824A (en) * | 2002-08-24 | 2003-02-26 | 岳阳华威棉产品开发有限公司 | Bioorganic fertilizer and its production process |
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