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CN101857023A - Method for operating an electric vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating an electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101857023A
CN101857023A CN201010159851A CN201010159851A CN101857023A CN 101857023 A CN101857023 A CN 101857023A CN 201010159851 A CN201010159851 A CN 201010159851A CN 201010159851 A CN201010159851 A CN 201010159851A CN 101857023 A CN101857023 A CN 101857023A
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China
Prior art keywords
electric
charge
state
soc1
switch
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Granted
Application number
CN201010159851A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101857023B (en
Inventor
R·菲希尔
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AVL List GmbH
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AVL List GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
    • B60W2552/20—Road profile, i.e. the change in elevation or curvature of a plurality of continuous road segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
    • B60W2556/10—Historical data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
    • B60W2556/45—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle
    • B60W2556/50—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle of positioning data, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System] data
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操作电动车辆的方法，该电动车辆具有至少一个电发动机、至少一个电蓄能器、以及至少一个发电装置，其中从电蓄能器的已定义的充电状态(SOC)起激活发电装置。为了减少电动汽车的成本并且节省结构空间而提出，为电动汽车在平地上已定义的持续速度情况下电发动机的平均功率需求来设计发电装置，以及在达到电蓄能器的充电状态的技术上的工作下限之前在已定义的接通充电状态(SOC1)情况下激活发电装置，其中接通充电状态(SOC1)根据技术上的工作下限(SOC2)来定义电蓄能器的能量储备(R)，该能量储备(R)的大小被如此测定，以使得能够在数量上、大小上和/或持续时间上满足已定义的峰值功率，优选满足汽车加速和/或爬坡。

Figure 201010159851

The invention relates to a method for operating an electric vehicle having at least one electric motor, at least one electric accumulator, and at least one power generating device, wherein from a defined state of charge (SOC) of the electric accumulator Activate the generator. In order to reduce the costs of electric vehicles and to save construction space, it is proposed to design the power generation device for the average power demand of the electric engine of the electric vehicle at a defined continuous speed on flat ground, and in terms of technology to reach the state of charge of the electric energy storage Activation of the generator before the lower operating limit of the switch-on charge (SOC1) which defines the energy reserve (R) of the electric energy storage in accordance with the technical lower operating limit (SOC2) , the energy reserve (R) is dimensioned such that a defined peak power can be met in quantity, size and/or duration, preferably for vehicle acceleration and/or hill climbing.

Figure 201010159851

Description

The method that is used for operating electric vehicle
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used for operating electric vehicle, this electronlmobil has at least one electric engine, at least one electric energy accumulator and at least one power generation assembly, wherein from the defined charge condition activation power generation assembly of electric energy accumulator.
Background technology
EP 1 225 074 A2 disclose a kind of serial type hybrid automobile, the combustion engine that it has electrical motor, electrical generator and drives this electrical generator.At this, in the zero-emission zone, merely this automobile is operated in electricity consumption under the situation of engine shutdown.In the case, not only can be close to enter no discharge areas before and also can when leaving no discharge areas, charge to electric energy accumulator by combustion engine.
WO 2005/082663A1 discloses a kind of portable power generation unit that is used for electronlmobil, and this generator set is configured for the trip distance that prolongs this electronlmobil.
US 2009/015202A discloses the method that a kind of charging that is used for hybrid vehicle is regulated, and wherein specified charge condition is defined as the aviation value of charging scope.Energy stream is conditioned, so that keep specified charge condition.By the electric engine of operation hybrid vehicle, charge condition raises again from this rated value decline and by the electric energy that generates with combustion engine.
WO 2008/128416A1 discloses a kind of energy management that is used for hybrid vehicle, this hybrid vehicle has the load estimation system, utilize this load estimation system and calculate following load level, with horsepower output, battery charging state and the optimum car speed of determining optimum future based on load request based on input parameter with by the system of self study.Estimate to coordinate combustion engine, electrical generator and the electric energy accumulator of hybrid vehicle based on the power in future of this optimum.
Generally speaking, in known serial type hybrid automobile, so design combustion engine and electrical generator, so that can satisfy maximum power demand.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is, expends with lowest possible technology and satisfies ccasual load request in the electronlmobil.
According to the present invention, this reaches in the following way: for the average power requirement of electronlmobil electric engine under defined continuous speed situation on the level land designs power generation assembly, and under defined connection charge condition situation, activating power generation assembly before the technical work lower limit of the charge condition that reaches electric energy accumulator, wherein this connection charge condition defines the energy of reserve of electric energy accumulator according to technical work lower limit, the size of this energy of reserve is so measured, so that can be quantitatively, satisfy defined peak power on the size and/or on the time length, preferably satisfy car acceleration and/or climbing.Preferably, the connection charge condition is set so, so that with at least 10% in the capacity of energy storage, preferably at least 30%, keep as energy of reserve.In this way, can satisfy all working scope of automobile.
In a particularly advantageous enforcement flexible program of the present invention, propose, in the process of self study, the connection charge condition is set based on completed the travelling of electronlmobil.
Can alternatively or additionally propose, determine to connect charge condition according to the running route that travels the destination and/or planned, wherein particularly advantageous is to be at least two different connection charge conditions of running section definition in the running route of having planned.Can when connecting charge condition, definition together consider the highway section characteristic thus.
Design power generation assembly by average power requirement, can reach very compact design for electric engine under the defined command speed situation on the level land.
Description of drawings
Below further specify the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 shows the charge condition of electric energy accumulator on work-hours; And
Fig. 2 shows the design drawing of power generation assembly.
The specific embodiment
Above time t, show the charge condition SOC of the electric energy accumulator of electricity consumption driven vehicles among Fig. 1.In traditional electronlmobil, electric energy accumulator is in service the discharge until technical possible minimum state of charge of travelling, and this minimum state of charge is represented the technology lower limit SOC2 of electronlmobil rideability.After reaching this state, available road horsepower directly depends on the energy input of power generation assembly (apart from extender) and is limited therefore.
According to preceding method, just do not activate power generation assembly up to the technical lower limit SOC2 place of electric energy accumulator, but in the scope that first charge condition of centre---is connected charge condition SOC1---, just activate this power generation assembly, thereby being laid in R, energy remaining is retained in the energy storage.By being defined in the technical lower limit SOC2 connection charge condition SOC1 top, that being reached after, trigger process of charging by power generation assembly, can be by expanding until system limits the restriction of the road horsepower that obtained via the buffer action of energy of reserve R.Therefore, can satisfy such as quicken or climbing the ccasual peak power, and need not to design the power of power generation assembly for peak hook load, only be required to be the power that average power designs this power generation assembly and get final product.
With dashed lines 1 shows the operation of travelling of the conventional electrically operated electronlmobil of usefulness among Fig. 1, and with 2 operations of travelling that show according to method described herein.Connect charge condition SOC1 (point 3) if charge condition SOC reaches, so just connect power generation assembly, wherein only from the energy of reserve R of electric energy accumulator, take out the energy requirement of the power that surpasses power generation assembly.
Fig. 2 shows the design drawing of power generation assembly (apart from extender), and power P wherein is shown above speed v.Be suitable for following predesignating for this design: compare with simple electric operation, electronlmobil should not have the road horsepower loss in utilization apart from the in service of extender.This electronlmobil be for the road horsepower of determining (dynam, hill climbing ability, maximum speed, or the like) designed.The power of power generation assembly can be significantly less than the power of the driving engine of electronlmobil.So design power generation assembly, so that it satisfies the maximum speed of electronlmobil on the level land and additional energy consumption device.Satisfy the dynamic requirements of the power that surpasses power generation assembly by the fixed electricity deposit R of electric energy accumulator (automobile batteries).
All calculating shows, can be that 1450kg, electric flux deposit R are about under the electronlmobil situation of 2kWh and satisfy vehicle dynamics at total weight for example.Curve of resistance 4,5,6,7 about different slopes has been shown among Fig. 2, and wherein with dashed lines curve 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 ' shows at the energy requirement that uses under the additional auxiliary unit situation.If observe unit (it is corresponding to the wheel power of about 13kW) as example, can see that so this selected automobile (1475kg takies entirely) can reach the constant speed of 100km/h with 15kW electric power.If use the electric flux deposit R of 2kWh, make the speed multirow of this 100km/h sail 21km (see a little 11) even under 2% slope situation, also can utilize so apart from extender and battery.Alternatively, can carry out 22 acceleration from 100km/h to 120km/h.By comparison, can under the situation of the slope of 80km/h and 2%, travel above the distance of 66km or carry out the accelerator (see a little 12) from 80km/h to 100km/h 28 times.Under 5% slope situation, utilize energy of reserve R can travel 9km distance or carry out the accelerator from 100km/h to 120km/h 19 times, as with put shown in 13 like that.Operation point under Reference numeral 14 expression 80km/h and 5% the slope situation wherein utilizes can travel 12km or carry out the accelerator from 80km/h to 100km/h 25 times of energy of reserve R.Wherein can travel above the distance of 22km or can carry out the accelerator from 60km/h to 80km/h 34 times in the operation point that point 15 has marked the moving velocity of 60km/h.Under the moving velocity situation of slope 10% and 60km/h, utilize energy of reserve R only with the distance of about 6km that travels or carry out the accelerator from 60km/h to 80km/h 28 times.
Connecting charge condition SOC1 or energy of reserve R can be determined based on the estimated use characteristic of electronlmobil by car manufactures.Alternatively, can also come to determine neatly to connect charge condition SOC1 by the system of self study at the run duration of electronlmobil.In the case, travelling of electronlmobil past constitutes the basis that redefines connection charge condition SOC1, so that can readjust the factory default predefined setting in ground downwards or upwards based on the highway section of reality.For example, at a large amount of car acceleration be higher than under the precipitous running section situation in average level ground and can meaningfully bigger energy of reserve R be set, thus can be at the electricity power generation assembly that activates in advance in service that travels.On the other hand, can be definitely meaningfully under the situation of travelling equably with average velociity on smooth street, reduce electric flux deposit R and postpone the activation of power generation assembly, thus can fuel saving and prevent unnecessary discharging.
Particularly advantageously be, based on the destination data of input navigationsystem and based on about the information of the magnitude of traffic flow and the energy requirement of under considering, estimating to be used to overcome the running section that faces such as the situation of obstacles such as slope, obstruction, and the position of calculating the optimum energy deposit and therefore calculating conclusive on-state SOC1 for activating power generation assembly.This optimization can be carried out under the situation of time length or consumption of fuel or discharging is travelled in balance.In addition, can also define different energy of reserve R neatly for the running section of determining.This is particularly advantageous under the situation that main highway section characteristic (steepness, sinuousness, the magnitude of traffic flow) changes in the running route process.

Claims (5)

1.一种用于操作电动汽车的方法，所述电动汽车具有至少一个电发动机、至少一个电蓄能器、以及至少一个发电装置，其中从所述电蓄能器的已定义的充电状态(SOC)起激活所述发电装置，其特征在于，为所述电动汽车在平地上已定义的持续速度情况下所述电发动机的平均功率需求来设计所述发电装置，以及在达到所述电蓄能器的充电状态的技术上的工作下限之前在已定义的接通充电状态(SOC1)情况下激活所述发电装置，其中所述接通充电状态(SOC1)根据所述技术上的工作下限(SOC2)来定义所述电蓄能器的能量储备(R)，所述能量储备(R)的大小被如此测定，以使得能够在数量上、大小上和/或持续时间上满足已定义的峰值功率，优选满足汽车加速和/或爬坡。1. A method for operating an electric vehicle having at least one electric motor, at least one electric accumulator, and at least one power generating device, wherein from a defined state of charge of the electric accumulator ( SOC) to activate the power generation device, characterized in that the power generation device is designed for the average power demand of the electric motor of the electric vehicle at a defined continuous speed on flat ground, and when the electric storage is reached Before the technical lower limit of the state of charge of the energy generator, the power generation device is activated in the case of a defined switch-on state of charge (SOC1), wherein the switch-on state of charge (SOC1) according to the technical lower limit of the operation ( SOC2) to define the energy reserve (R) of the electric energy store, said energy reserve (R) is dimensioned in such a way that a defined peak can be met in number, size and/or duration Power, preferably to meet the car acceleration and / or climbing. 2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，如此设置所述接通充电状态(SOC1)，以使得将所述蓄能器的容量中的至少10％，优选至少30％，保留作为能量储备(R)。2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-on state of charge (SOC1) is set such that at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, of the capacity of the accumulator is reserved as Energy Reserve (R). 3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在自学习的过程中基于所述电动汽车已完成的行驶来设置所述接通充电状态(SOC1)。3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switch-on state of charge (SOC1) is set during self-learning on the basis of the completed travel of the electric vehicle. 4.如权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据行驶目的地和/或已计划的行驶路线来确定所述接通充电状态(SOC1)。4 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the switch-on state of charge ( SOC1 ) is determined as a function of a driving destination and/or a planned driving route. 5.如权利要求3或4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为已计划的行驶路线中的至少两个行驶路段定义不同的接通充电状态(SOC1)。5 . The method as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that different switch-on states of charge ( SOC1 ) are defined for at least two driving segments of the planned driving route.
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