CN101847716B - Method for preparing spherical lithium titanate cathode material - Google Patents
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- CN101847716B CN101847716B CN2010101779344A CN201010177934A CN101847716B CN 101847716 B CN101847716 B CN 101847716B CN 2010101779344 A CN2010101779344 A CN 2010101779344A CN 201010177934 A CN201010177934 A CN 201010177934A CN 101847716 B CN101847716 B CN 101847716B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a spherical lithium titanate cathode material, which comprises the following steps of: dissolving an organic lithium salt in an alcohol solvent, adding a certain amount of titanate in a molar ratio of Li to Ti of 0.8-0.9 for uniformly mixing to obtain lithium-containing and titanium-containing mixed solution; adding the lithium-containing and titanium-containing mixed solution into an organic dispersing agent to perform emulsification to obtain spherical liquid drops; raising the temperature to make the spherical liquid drops undergo in-situ polymerization so as to solidify and shape the liquid drops; performing solid-liquid separation to obtain spherical lithium titanate precursor particles; and drying and sintering the particles to obtain the spherical lithium titanate cathode material. Through the method, raw materials in the molecular level can be uniformly mixed and the electrical conductivity of the material is improved by adding various doped elements in the preparation process; the prepared material has the advantages of high electrochemical property and sphericity, narrow particle size distribution and high processability; and the method has the advantages of readily available raw materials, simple process, convenient operation and easy realization of industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery negative material, particularly the preparation method of spherical lithium titanate anode material.
Background technology
Along with petering out of fossil fuel, under an urgent demand of sustainable development, the lithium ion battery that is used for power or large-scale energy storage is just becoming one of research focus.And high security and low price are the keys of lithium ion battery large-scale application.Present commercial lithium ion battery uses MCMB (carbonaceous mesophase spherules) or hard carbon as negative pole mostly.Though have many advantages, also still have many deficiencies.Though low as the MCMB cost, capacity is high, its cycle performance, cryogenic property and fills poor-performing soon; Though hard carbon power density height, have extended cycle life, low temperature and security performance be better, energy density and first charge-discharge efficiency are lower, and have tangible voltage delay phenomenon.Current potential that the more important thing is the current potential of carbon negative pole and lithium is very approaching, and during over-charging of battery, lithium metal may be separated out in the carbon negative terminal surface and be caused safety problem.
The lithium titanate of spinel structure has the higher embedding lithium current potential of 1.55V, is difficult for causing that lithium metal separates out, and can not form the SEI film of poor heat stability with the electrolyte reaction, and is higher as the fail safe of battery cathode.Spinel lithium titanate skeleton structure in charge and discharge process changes (brilliant inclusion is long-pending to be changed less than 0.1%) hardly, the cyclical stability excellence.This material also has higher coulombic efficiency and lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2 * 10
-8Cm
2/ s) wait good characteristic, possessed the characteristic that the essential charging times of lithium ion battery of future generation is more, charging process is faster, more economical, safer, be widely used at power or large-scale energy-storage battery field.Simultaneously, spinel lithium titanate also can be applicable to ultracapacitor, is used in electric motor car or field of hybrid electric vehicles, satisfies the high power requirement of fast charging and discharging.But energy density is low to be the major defect of the lithium titanate of spinel structure, has limited the application of this material.
The raising of energy density will improve material on the one hand in the capacity performance of battery system, will improve the compacted density of electrode plates on the other hand.Adopt the lithium titanate of the synthetic high electrochemical performance of methods such as traditional high temperature solid-state method, sol-gal process, high-energy ball milling method to be the submicron powder particle.Improve the lithium titanate powdery grain graininess, then can sacrifice its charge/discharge capacity and high rate performance.The submicron powder grain graininess is little, granule-morphology is irregular, specific area is big, causes problems such as pole piece processing difficulties, pole piece compacted density be low, can't overcome the major defect of lithium titanate.By the synthetic secondary spherical lithium titanate particle of being formed by nanocrystal, can not only keep the original high electrochemical performance of material, can also improve the energy density of pole piece processing characteristics, raising material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing spherical lithium titanate anode material, realize the lithium ion battery negative material of high electrochemical performance and excellent machinability.
The method that the present invention prepares spherical lithium titanate anode material comprises the steps:
1) organic lithium salt is dissolved in the alcohols solvent, and by Li: the Ti mol ratio is 0.8～0.9 to add a certain amount of titanate esters, and mixing makes and contains lithium titanium mixed liquor;
2) the lithium titanium mixed liquor that contains that step 1) is made joins in the immiscible with it organic dispersing agent, stirring makes and contains lithium titanium mixed liquor emulsification formation spherical droplets, be warming up to 60～90 ℃ subsequently and keep 10min～2h, spherical droplets generation in-situ polymerization and curing molding, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid then, obtain spherical lithium titanate precursor particle;
3) with step 2) the spherical lithium titanate precursor particle that makes carries out presintering under 200～600 ℃ of temperature, and sintering 1～20h under 650～850 ℃ of high temperature obtains spherical lithium titanate material again.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, described organic lithium salt is preferably one or more in lithium oxalate, lithium formate, lithium acetate, lithium citrate, lithium tartrate, lithium benzoate, oleic acid lithium, lithium stearate, acrylic acid lithium, lithium methoxide and the lithium ethoxide; Described titanate esters is preferably one or more in metatitanic acid tetramethyl ester, butyl titanate, iso-butyl titanate and the tetraisopropyl titanate; Described alcohols solvent is one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the n-butanol normally.
Step 1) make contain lithium titanium mixed liquor after, can be to wherein adding a certain amount of curing agent, to improve step 2) curing rate.Described curing agent can be the aqueous solution of urea of deionized water or 0.1～50wt%, and the addition of curing agent is to contain below the 5wt% of lithium titanium mixed liquor;
Above-mentioned steps 2) the immiscible organic dispersing agent described in can be one or more in toluene, paraffin, silicone oil, kerosene and the carbon tetrachloride.For promoting to contain the dispersion of lithium titanium mixed liquor, in described organic dispersing agent, add surfactant, spendable surfactant has one or more among Tween80, Tween60, the Span80, and addition generally is 0.1～15% of organic dispersing agent weight.
The atmosphere of high temperature sintering is not particularly limited in step 3), can be air atmosphere, inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, is preferably inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, for example nitrogen, argon gas, hydrogen.200～600 ℃ of presintering times of step 3) generally are 3～8h, 650～850 ℃ of preferred 3～12h of high temperature sintering time.
Further, for improving the electric conductivity of prepared material, can also prepare in the process that contains lithium titanium mixed liquor in step 1) and add Mg
2+, Al
3+, Zn
2+, Zr
4+, Co
3+, V
5+Deng in one or more ions.
Method of the present invention has realized the even mixing of raw material in the molecular level level, in preparation process, also be easy to add the conductivity that various doped chemicals improve material, prepare spherical lithium titanate anode material and have excellent electrochemical properties, good sphericity, narrow particle size distribution has good processing properties.The inventive method raw material is easy to get, and technology is simple, and is easy to operate, is easy to realize industrialization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of the spherical lithium titanate anode material of the embodiment of the invention four preparations.
Fig. 2 is the first charge-discharge curve of the embodiment of the invention three preparation lithium titanate anode materials.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be described in further detail by the present invention of embodiment, but the scope that does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment one
Take by weighing the 30g lithium acetate and be dissolved in the 100ml ethanol, add the 126g butyl titanate, stir formation and contain lithium titanium mixed liquor uniformly.The lithium titanium mixed liquor that contains that will prepare under the magnetic agitation condition is scattered in the kerosene that contains 1.5wt%Span80.Continue to stir, be heated to 80 ℃, be incubated 40 minutes.Suction filtration separates, and obtains spherical lithium titanate precursor.Behind 400 ℃ of pre-burning 6h, 800 ℃ of sintering 8h obtain spherical lithium titanate powdery material in the nitrogen protection stove with spherical lithium titanate precursor.Measuring this sample granularity D50 with laser particle size analyzer is 15 μ m.Take by weighing this sample of 120mg, with sample powder, acetylene black and PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene) mixes with the ratio of 8: 1: 1 (mass ratio), be pressed into electrode slice, as anodal, make negative pole with the pure metal lithium sheet after vacuumize, recording the specific discharge capacity of this sample when 0.2C discharges and recharges is 157mAh/g, first charge-discharge efficiency is 95%, and the specific discharge capacity when 1C discharges and recharges is 148mAh/g.
Embodiment two
Take by weighing the 30g lithium acetate and be dissolved in the 100ml ethanol, add the 122g butyl titanate, stir formation and contain lithium titanium mixed liquor uniformly.The lithium titanium mixed liquor that contains that will prepare under the magnetic agitation condition is scattered in the kerosene that contains 1.5wt%Span80.Continue to stir, be heated to 80 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes.Suction filtration separates, and obtains spherical lithium titanate precursor.Behind 400 ℃ of pre-burning 6h, 800 ℃ of sintering 8h obtain spherical lithium titanate powdery material in the nitrogen protection stove with spherical lithium titanate precursor.Measuring this sample granularity D50 with laser particle size analyzer is 15 μ m.Take by weighing this sample of 120mg, sample powder, acetylene black and PTFE are mixed with the ratio of 8: 1: 1 (mass ratio), be pressed into electrode slice, conduct is anodal after vacuumize, make negative pole with the pure metal lithium sheet, recording the specific discharge capacity of this sample when 0.2C discharges and recharges is 159mAh/g, and first charge-discharge efficiency is 95.6%, and the specific discharge capacity when 1C discharges and recharges is 150mAh/g.
Embodiment three
The method identical with embodiment two preparation earlier contains lithium titanium mixed liquor.To contain lithium titanium mixed liquor under the high speed ball milling condition is scattered in the paraffin oil that contains 5wt%Span80.Continue ball milling, be heated to 80 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes.Suction filtration separates, and obtains spherical lithium titanate precursor.Behind 400 ℃ of pre-burning 6h, 800 ℃ of sintering 8h obtain spherical lithium titanate powdery material in the nitrogen protection stove with spherical lithium titanate precursor.Measuring this sample granularity D50 with laser particle size analyzer is 12 μ m.Take by weighing this sample of 120mg, sample powder, acetylene black and PTFE are mixed with the ratio of 8: 1: 1 (mass ratio), be pressed into electrode slice, conduct is anodal after vacuumize, make negative pole with the pure metal lithium sheet, adhesive adopts Kynoar, and barrier film adopts polypropylene microporous film, electrolyte is 1.0mol/L LiPF6, and solvent is that EC-DEC-DMC (1: 1: 1 volume ratio) (annotates: the EC-ethylene carbonate; The DEC-diethyl carbonate; The DMC-dimethyl carbonate), voltage range is 1.0～2.5V, constant current charge-discharge electric current 0.2C, measurement result as shown in Figure 2, the specific discharge capacity of this sample when 0.2C discharges and recharges is 172mAh/g, first charge-discharge efficiency is 96.5%, and the specific discharge capacity when 1C discharges and recharges is 151mAh/g, has excellent electrochemical properties.
Embodiment four
The method identical with embodiment three be the spherical lithium titanate precursor of preparation earlier, and behind 300 ℃ of pre-burning 6h, 800 ℃ of sintering 8h obtain spherical lithium titanate powdery material in air atmosphere.Measuring this sample granularity D50 with laser particle size analyzer is 10 μ m.Take by weighing this sample of 120mg, sample powder, acetylene black and PTFE are mixed with the ratio of 8: 1: 1 (mass ratio), be pressed into electrode slice, conduct is anodal after vacuumize, make negative pole with the pure metal lithium sheet, recording the specific discharge capacity of this sample when 0.2C discharges and recharges is 165mAh/g, and first charge-discharge efficiency is 94.6%, and the specific discharge capacity when 1C discharges and recharges is 150mAh/g.
The A of Fig. 1 and B are the prepared SEM figure of spherical lithium titanate powdery material under different amplification, and as can be seen from Figure 1 prepared lithium titanate particle is regular spherical morphology, even particle size distribution, the about 10 μ m of particle diameter.
Embodiment five
Take by weighing the 30g lithium acetate and be dissolved in the 100ml methyl alcohol, add the 125g iso-butyl titanate, slowly drip 20wt% aqueous solution of urea 2ml under stirring condition, continuation is stirred to form and is contained lithium titanium mixed liquor uniformly.The lithium titanium mixed liquor that contains that will prepare under the high-speed stirred condition is scattered in the paraffin oil that contains 1.5wt%Span80.Continue to stir, be heated to 80 ℃, be incubated 15 minutes.Suction filtration separates, and obtains spherical lithium titanate precursor.Behind 350 ℃ of pre-burning 6h, 800 ℃ of sintering 8h obtain spherical lithium titanate powdery material in the nitrogen protection stove with spherical lithium titanate precursor.Measuring this sample granularity D50 with laser particle size analyzer is 10 μ m.Take by weighing this sample of 120mg, sample powder, acetylene black and PTFE are mixed with the ratio of 8: 1: 1 (mass ratio), be pressed into electrode slice, conduct is anodal after vacuumize, make negative pole with the pure metal lithium sheet, recording the specific discharge capacity of this sample when 0.2C discharges and recharges is 167mAh/g, and first charge-discharge efficiency is 96%, and the specific discharge capacity when 1C discharges and recharges is 148mAh/g.
Embodiment six
Take by weighing 30g lithium acetate and 0.6g magnesium nitrate and be dissolved in the 100ml ethanol, add the 122g butyl titanate, slowly drip the 2ml deionized water under stirring condition, continuation is stirred to form and is contained lithium titanium mixed liquor uniformly.The lithium titanium mixed liquor that contains that will prepare under the high-speed stirred condition is scattered in the kerosene that contains 1.5wt%Span80 and 1.5wt%Tween60.Continue to stir, be heated to 80 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes.Suction filtration separates, and obtains spherical lithium titanate precursor.Behind 300 ℃ of pre-burning 4h, 800 ℃ of sintering 8h obtain spherical lithium titanate powdery material in the nitrogen protection stove with spherical presoma.Measuring this sample granularity D50 with laser particle size analyzer is 13 μ m.Take by weighing this sample of 120mg, sample powder, acetylene black and PTFE are mixed with the ratio of 8: 1: 1 (mass ratio), be pressed into electrode slice, conduct is anodal after vacuumize, make negative pole with the pure metal lithium sheet, recording the specific discharge capacity of this sample when 0.2C discharges and recharges is 165mAh/g, and first charge-discharge efficiency is 96%, and the specific discharge capacity when 1C discharges and recharges is 158mAh/g.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of a spherical lithium titanate anode material comprises the steps:
1) organic lithium salt is dissolved in the alcohols solvent, and by Li: the Ti mol ratio is 0.8～0.9 to add a certain amount of titanate esters, and mixing makes and contains the lithium titanium solution;
2) containing in the lithium titanium solution of making add curing agent in step 1), this curing agent is deionized water or aqueous solution of urea, and the addition of curing agent is below the 5wt% that contains the lithium titanium solution that makes of step 1); Then this solution is joined in the immiscible with it organic dispersing agent, stirring makes and contains lithium titanium mixed liquor emulsification formation spherical droplets, be warming up to 60～90 ℃ subsequently and keep 10min～2h, spherical droplets generation in-situ polymerization and curing molding, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid then, obtain spherical lithium titanate precursor particle;
3) with step 2) the spherical lithium titanate precursor particle that makes is 200～600 ℃ of presintering, at 650～850 ℃ of sintering 1～20h, obtains spherical lithium titanate anode material again.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that organic lithium salt described in the step 1) is selected from one or more in lithium oxalate, lithium formate, lithium acetate, lithium citrate, lithium tartrate, lithium benzoate, oleic acid lithium, lithium stearate, acrylic acid lithium, lithium methoxide and the lithium ethoxide.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, titanate esters described in the step 1) is selected from one or more in metatitanic acid tetramethyl ester, butyl titanate, iso-butyl titanate and the tetraisopropyl titanate.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, alcohols solvent described in the step 1) is selected from one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the n-butanol.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the concentration of described aqueous solution of urea is 0.1～50wt%.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in organic dispersing agent be selected from toluene, paraffin, silicone oil, kerosene and the carbon tetrachloride one or more.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is added with surfactant in the described organic dispersing agent.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described surfactant is selected from one or more among Tween80, Tween60, the Span80.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, prepares in the process that contains lithium titanium mixed liquor in step 1) and adds Mg
2+, Al
3+, Zn
2+, Zr
4+, Co
3+And V
5+In one or more ions.
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| CN102285684A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-12-21 | 哈尔滨远方新能源汽车动力电池有限责任公司 | Preparation method of lithium ion battery negative electrode material Li4Ti5O12 |
| CN102328953B (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-11-13 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation method of lithium titanate with special morphology |
| CN102997651B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-09-16 | 龙能科技（苏州）有限公司 | Prepare pusher furnace and the method thereof of lithium titanate anode material for lithium ion battery |
| CN103700816B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-02-03 | 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon based composite material |
| CN104882597A (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-09-02 | 南阳师范学院 | Simple, efficient and low-cost preparation method for nano lithium titanate |
| CN108451522B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2023-05-30 | 广州源康健信息科技有限公司 | Medical equipment |
| JP2022015857A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-01-21 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Precursor solution of negative electrode active material, precursor powder of negative electrode active material and method of manufacturing negative electrode active material |
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| CN1622368A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2005-06-01 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of spherical Li4Ti5O12 as lithium ion cell cathode material |
| CN101659443A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-03-03 | 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of spherical lithium titanate used for lithium ion battery |
| CN101702431A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-05 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of lithium titanate negative electrode composite material for lithium ion battery |
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| CN1622368A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2005-06-01 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of spherical Li4Ti5O12 as lithium ion cell cathode material |
| CN101659443A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-03-03 | 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of spherical lithium titanate used for lithium ion battery |
| CN101702431A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-05 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of lithium titanate negative electrode composite material for lithium ion battery |
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Denomination of invention: A preparation method for spherical lithium titanate negative electrode material Effective date of registration: 20231019 Granted publication date: 20130710 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Xining Huangzhong sub branch Pledgor: QINGHAI TAIFENG PULEAD LITHIUM-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023630000004 |