CN101844259B - Method and device for performing electric magnetization arc welding-braze welding compounding on dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Method and device for performing electric magnetization arc welding-braze welding compounding on dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种异种材料电磁激励电弧熔-钎焊复合方法和设备在异种金属材料连接的电弧熔-钎焊过程中，利用励磁线圈在焊接区域产生外加交变磁场控制焊接电弧的特性，对钎焊的液态钎料熔池进行电磁搅拌与电磁激励强化的辅助作用，促进液态钎料有序流动及其在熔点较高的金属材料表面破膜、润湿、铺展与扩散，促进液态钎料与熔点较低金属材料熔化的母材充分地混合，提高钎焊焊缝成分的均匀化程度，减少焊接缺陷，优化钎焊焊缝组织与性能，提高钎焊接头质量，并且该设备结构简单，应用灵活，成本较低，效果较佳，易于实现。
The invention discloses a compound method and equipment for electromagnetic excitation arc melting-brazing of dissimilar materials. In the arc melting-brazing process of connecting dissimilar metal materials, an excitation coil is used to generate an external alternating magnetic field in the welding area to control the characteristics of the welding arc. The auxiliary effect of electromagnetic stirring and electromagnetic excitation strengthening on the brazing liquid solder pool promotes the orderly flow of liquid solder and its film breaking, wetting, spreading and diffusion on the surface of metal materials with higher melting points, and promotes the liquid solder The material is fully mixed with the melted base metal of the metal material with a lower melting point, which improves the homogeneity of the components of the brazing seam, reduces welding defects, optimizes the structure and performance of the brazing seam, improves the quality of the brazing joint, and the equipment has a simple structure. , flexible in application, low in cost, good in effect and easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment.
Background technology
Along with the appearance and the application of new material are maked rapid progress, the difference of different materials weldability is also increasing, adopts common welding method to be difficult to realize connection between the dissimilar metal that performance difference is big mostly.Arc brazing be with a kind of novel be the soldering processes of thermal source with electric arc; Electric arc ignites between electrode and workpiece during soldering; Adopt inert gas to protect; The welding wire that is lower than mother metal with fusing point is as welding material (solder), and welding wire during welding (solder) fusing and mother metal does not melt can realize the connection between of the same race or different metal materials.
The molten soldering tech of electric arc is on the basis of arc brazing technology, to develop, and is mainly used between the dissimilar metal that fusing point differs greatly to connect.During welding, under the arc heat effect, weld zone low melting point mother metal local melting also mixes with liquid solder; That the liquid metal that mixes and high-melting-point mother metal take place is wetting, sprawl and counterdiffusion mutually, finally realizes connection.
The molten soldering of electric arc can be divided into molten soldering (TIG electric arc melts soldering) of non-melt pole inert gas shielding electric arc and the molten soldering (MIG electric arc melts soldering) of consumable electrode noble gas protective electric arc; Have that heating is concentrated, firing rate is fast, joint is short at high-temperature residence time, the degree of superheat heat affected area is low, base metals is difficult for producing grain growth, appearance of weld is attractive in appearance, deflection is little, can effectively remove oxide-film, the postwelding joint need not clean, strength of joint high and can realize advantage such as welding process automation, is a kind of solder technology with very high practical value.
Electromagnetic agitating technology (EMS); Be development in recent years and a kind of novel solder technology improved gradually; Electromagnetic agitation was to microstructure and Effect on Performance when Tseng in 1971 and Savage had furtherd investigate the TIG weldering; Subsequently, begin both at home and abroad the solder technology under the externally-applied magnetic field effect has been carried out broad research.Utilize welding arc fusing to take place and solidified again in the molten brazing process of electric arc as thermal source and filler wire (solder); Therefore auxiliary selenoid stirs and is used for the molten brazing process of electric arc and can changes the molten pool metal column crystal direction of growth; Thinning microstructure; Influence the pattern and the size of primary phase and eutectic structure, promote homogenization of composition and control interface shape.
Welding arc is a kind of lasting gas discharge phenomenon, and significant change can take place its form under the externally-applied magnetic field effect.Outside Longitudinal Magnetic-field Has is dispersed the arc temperature distribution, and temperature field " short and fat ", the temperature of arc center descends, radial symmetry gradient reduces.Because the rotation of welding arc expansion; Weld pool width increases and fusion penetration reduces; Liquid metal in the molten bath receives the effect boxing of Lorentz force to connect arc center's axle to rotate; One side direction afterbody flows the front end liquid metal along the molten bath, and corresponding molten bath afterbody liquid metal flows along the opposite side forward end, help liquid solder in the molten brazing process of electric arc flow and to the wetting of solid-state mother metal with sprawl.
Liquid solder fully flows into and fills up densely whole joint gaps, takes place well to interact with mother metal again, and be the prerequisite that forms the high-quality soldered fitting.At present, single method for welding often receives the restriction of equipment or process characteristic in use, and generally all need use brazing flux; Connect between the dissimilar metal for performance difference big (especially fusing point), the composite brazing method has come into one's own gradually and has carried out corresponding research and application, like the molten soldering of TIG/MIG electric arc, laser braze welding etc.
For preventing the mother metal excess molten, the input of the molten soldering heat of electric arc is less usually, by filling the liquid molten bath retention time that metal forms shorter, be unfavorable for that liquid metal fully sprawls and form diffusion layer on the mother metal surface.The electromagnetic excitation technology is compound in the molten soldering processes of electric arc; Through produce in the weld zone complementary field influence welding arc characteristic promote liquid solder to flow to reach on the higher mother metal of fusing point wetting, sprawl and spread; Promote liquid solder and full and uniform mixing of melt portions that fusing point hangs down mother metal, improve brazed seam homogenization of composition degree, reduce weld defect; Optimize brazing seam structure and performance, can improve the molten soldering quality of connection of electric arc effectively.
Summary of the invention
So technical problem to be solved by this invention is to existing electric arc welding-braze technology the heat input little be unfavorable for the even mixing of liquid molten pool metal and fully sprawl on the mother metal surface with the mother metal problem of counterdiffusion mutually; Utilize electromagnetic exciting device simple in structure; Produce influence of magnetic field welding arc characteristic in the weld zone; And liquid towards solder molten bath carries out auxiliary selenoid and stirs and the electromagnetic excitation effect, thus promote liquid solder to flow and on the higher mother metal of fusing point wetting, sprawl and spread, promote liquid solder and fusing point than full and uniform mixing of melt portions of hanging down mother metal; Improve brazed seam homogenization of composition degree; Reduce weld defect, optimize brazing seam structure and performance, improve the molten soldering quality of connection of electric arc; This method optional equipment is simple, is easy to realize, and is widely applicable.
The present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
According to workpiece concrete condition and welding position; In the electric arc welding-braze process that different metal materials connects, utilize magnet exciting coil to produce the characteristic that adds alternation mixed magnetic field control welding arc at welding region, the liquid solder molten bath of soldering is carried out the booster action of electromagnetic agitation and electromagnetic excitation reinforcement; Promote liquid solder to flow in order and the higher metal material surface rupture of membranes of fusing point, wetting, sprawl and spread; Promote the mother metal of the low metal material fusing of liquid solder and fusing point to mix fully, improve the homogenising degree of soldered seam composition, reduce weld defect; Optimize the soldered seam microstructure and property, to improve the soldered fitting quality.
Specifically be foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; In the electric arc welding-braze process that two kinds of different metal materials connect; Utilize magnet exciting coil to produce the characteristic that adds alternation mixed magnetic field control welding arc at welding region; The booster action that electromagnetic agitation and electromagnetic excitation are strengthened is carried out in the liquid solder molten bath of soldering, promote liquid solder to flow in order and the higher metal material surface rupture of membranes of fusing point, wetting, sprawl and spread, promote liquid solder and fusing point to hang down the mother metal that metal material melts and mix fully; Improve the homogenising degree of soldered seam composition; Reduce weld defect, optimize the soldered seam microstructure and property, to improve the soldered fitting quality;
Use the technological parameter of electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze to be: AC-TIG WELDING electric arc, tungsten electrode diameter of phi 1.6-3.2mm, welding current 40-160A, arc length 3-4mm; Speed of welding 100-150mm/min, Ar throughput 5-8L/min, gage of wire Φ 1.2mm; Wire feed rate 200-300mm/min, auxiliary magnetic field intensity is 20～800Gs, dutycycle is 30-70%; Frequency is 3-24Hz, and solder gets into the brazed seam molten bath through the mode that fills silk, with the mother metal angle be the 10-30 degree;
Use the technological parameter of electromagnetic excitation MIG electric arc welding-braze to be: direct current MIG reversal connection polarity, welding current 60-200A, arc voltage 18-21V; Speed of welding 300-600mm/min; Ar throughput 10-15L/min, gage of wire Φ 0.8-1.6mm, auxiliary magnetic field intensity is 100～800Gs; Dutycycle is 30-70%, and frequency is 3-24Hz.
Foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; Employed magnet exciting coil is separately by supplying with exciting current accurately based on the special-purpose field power supply of the digitlization of ARM microprocessor; Its excitation current waveform is the rectangular waveform of Variable Polarity at intermittence; Produce corresponding intermittent alternative mixed magnetic field, externally-applied magnetic field frequency and intensity accurate and adjustable cooperate corresponding electric arc welding-braze method to use; Electromagnetic excitation and the function composite by electromagnetic stirring that adds auxiliary magnetic field make liquid solder in of short duration welding process more fully on solid-state mother metal matrix wetting with sprawl; And with full and uniform mixing of liquid metal mother metal that fusing takes place; Promote counterdiffusion mutually and homogenization of composition between solder and mother metal in the molten soldering processes process of electric arc; And can realize the unique function of electromagnetic purification, electromagnetic heat treatment; Suppress the formation of harmful substance, improve the intensity of soldered fitting, comprehensively improve the quality of connection of electric arc welding-braze.In the practical implementation process, also be not limited to coil magnetization, adopt other electromagnetic generating device or permanent magnetic field also can realize the object of the invention.
Foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment are applicable to the weld seam form of I type, V-type, Y type, X type; Magnet exciting coil is installed on the welding gun, implements the electromagnetic excitation effect by the positive vertical liquid towards solder of weld seam; Perhaps magnet exciting coil is installed in back of work, implements the electromagnetic excitation effect by the vertical liquid towards solder of back of weld; Two magnet exciting coils perhaps are installed, are implemented the electromagnetic excitation effect at the vertical liquid towards solder of weld seam front and back simultaneously; Perhaps add auxiliary magnetic field and tilt to put on the liquid molten bath of soldering, the angle on magnetic field and workpiece water plane is 15-80 °, is the optional position of the three-dimensional taper seat of axis with the center lines of electrodes; Perhaps add vertical auxiliary magnetic field and only be applied to the independent side of a kind of metal material of weld seam, form the electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method in half magnetic field.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the electric arc welding-braze process that different metal materials connects; Utilization adds auxiliary magnetic field influences the welding arc characteristic, and liquid towards solder molten bath is carried out auxiliary selenoid and stirred, promote liquid solder to flow and on the high-melting-point mother metal wetting, sprawl and spread; Promote mutual full and uniform mixing of metal of liquid solder and low melting point mother metal generation local melting; Thereby regulate the solidification front shape, reduce in the melt radially, axial thermograde, improve brazed seam homogenization of composition degree.
(2) electromagnetic excitation and the function composite by electromagnetic stirring that adds auxiliary magnetic field make liquid solder in of short duration welding process more fully on solid-state mother metal matrix wetting with sprawl; And with full and uniform mixing of liquid metal mother metal that fusing takes place; Promote counterdiffusion mutually and homogenization of composition between solder and mother metal in the molten soldering processes process of electric arc; And can realize the unique function of electromagnetic purification, electromagnetic heat treatment; Suppress the formation of harmful substance, improve the intensity of soldered fitting, comprehensively improve the quality of connection of electric arc welding-braze.
(3) adding electromagnetic agitation that auxiliary magnetic field produces can refinement joint crystal grain, changes crystallization direction, makes brazed seam equiax crystal occur, promotes the second phase compound small and dispersed to distribute; Can reduce segregation and brazed seam solidification cracking tendency, suppress the welding pore and reduce shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, help to improve the mechanical property of joint.
(4) employed additional excitation unit is simple in structure, adopts the field power supply dependable performance based on the ARM microprocessor, and output waveform is various informative, and precision is higher, and function-stable, cost are not high, is easy to realize; Be applicable to multiple weld seam forms commonly used such as I type, V-type, Y type, X type.
(5) in the electric arc welding-braze process that different metal materials connects; Add auxiliary magnetic field and can implement the electromagnetic excitation effect in the liquid towards molten bath neatly, to satisfy different requirement through various ways such as weld seam front or the back side, vertical or inclination, single or a plurality of compound and half side-view magnetic fields; Particularly apply half side auxiliary magnetic field and can control separately and make the low-melting-point metal mother metal be unlikely to overheated, accelerate weld porosity and overflow, prevent undercut, effects such as also can controlling the rupture of membranes of solder on the refractory metal mother metal separately, sprawl, be wetting and mobile.
(6) the present invention can adopt multiple welding heat source, like TIG, MIG, Laser Welding, plasma arc welding (PAW), plasma arc welding with adjustable polarity parameters, vacuum electron beam welding, non-vacuum electronic beam, axial rub weldering, radial direction friction welding, electric resistance welding etc.; The present invention also can be applicable to the welding-braze interconnection technique in fields such as same material, composite, nonmetallic materials.
Description of drawings
The seam cross-section sketch map of Fig. 1 foreign material electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; The longitudinal section sketch map of Fig. 2 foreign material electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; The seam cross-section sketch map of Fig. 3 foreign material electromagnetic excitation MIG electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; Fig. 4 adds the sketch map that auxiliary magnetic field is applied to low melting point metal material one side; Fig. 5 adds the sketch map that auxiliary magnetic field is applied to high melting point metal materials one side; Fig. 6 adds the sketch map that auxiliary magnetic field tilts to apply.
Magnet exciting coil lead in the drawings, 1; 2, magnet exciting coil; 3, insulating barrier; 4, nozzle; 5, ignition tip; 6, refractory metal mother metal B; 7, tungsten electrode; 8, filler wire; 9, molten bath; 10, welding arc; 11, low-melting-point metal mother metal A; 12, weld seam; 13, workpiece; 14, molten drop.
The foreign material electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze complex method that accompanying drawing provides and the sketch map of equipment are merely and help understanding main points of the present invention, when practical application, can transform as the case may be, are not limited to this structure.
The specific embodiment
The present invention mainly comprises a kind of foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment.Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is explained further details.
Foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; In the electric arc welding-braze process that A, two kinds of different metal materials of B connect; Utilize magnet exciting coil 2 or other excitation units to produce the characteristic that adds alternation mixed magnetic field control welding arc 10 at welding region; The booster action that electromagnetic agitation and electromagnetic excitation are strengthened is carried out in the liquid solder molten bath 9 of soldering, promote liquid solder to flow in order and the higher metal material B6 surface rupture of membranes of fusing point, wetting, sprawl and spread, promote liquid solder and fusing point to hang down the mother metal that metal material A11 melts and mix fully; Improve the homogenising degree of soldered seam composition; Reduce weld defect, optimize the soldered seam microstructure and property, to improve the soldered fitting quality;
Wherein, be that the TIG weldering electric arc of non-melt pole is as shown in Figure 1 if add electric arc, the technological parameter of electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze is: AC-TIG WELDING electric arc, tungsten electrode diameter of phi 1.6-3.2mm; Welding current 40-160A, arc length 3-4mm, speed of welding 100-150mm/min; Ar throughput 5-8L/min, gage of wire Φ 1.2mm, wire feed rate 200-300mm/min; Auxiliary magnetic field intensity is 20～800Gs, and dutycycle is 30-70%, and frequency is 3-24Hz; Solder gets into the brazed seam molten bath through the mode that fills silk, and is the 10-30 degree with the mother metal angle, and is as shown in Figure 2;
Wherein, be that the MIG weldering electric arc of consumable electrode is as shown in Figure 3 if add electric arc, the technological parameter of electromagnetic excitation MIG electric arc welding-braze is: direct current MIG reversal connection polarity; Welding current 60-200A, arc voltage 8-21V, speed of welding 300-600mm/min; Ar throughput 10-15L/min, gage of wire Φ 0.8-1.6mm, auxiliary magnetic field intensity is 100-800Gs; Dutycycle is 30-70%, and frequency is 3-24Hz, and welding wire is a solder.
Foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; Employed magnet exciting coil is separately by supplying with exciting current accurately based on the special-purpose field power supply of the digitlization of ARM microprocessor; Its excitation current waveform is the rectangular waveform of Variable Polarity at intermittence; Produce corresponding intermittent alternative mixed magnetic field, externally-applied magnetic field frequency and intensity accurate and adjustable cooperate corresponding electric arc welding-braze method to use; Electromagnetic excitation and the function composite by electromagnetic stirring that adds auxiliary magnetic field make liquid solder in of short duration welding process more fully on solid-state mother metal matrix wetting with sprawl; And with full and uniform mixing of liquid metal mother metal that fusing takes place; Promote counterdiffusion mutually and homogenization of composition between solder and mother metal in the molten soldering processes process of electric arc; And can realize the unique function of electromagnetic purification, electromagnetic heat treatment; Suppress the formation of harmful substance, improve the intensity of soldered fitting, comprehensively improve the quality of connection of electric arc welding-braze.
Foreign material electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment are applicable to the weld seam form of I type, V-type, Y type, X type; Magnet exciting coil is installed on the welding gun, implements the electromagnetic excitation effect by the positive vertical liquid towards solder of weld seam; Perhaps magnet exciting coil is installed in back of work, implements the electromagnetic excitation effect by the vertical liquid towards solder of back of weld; Two magnet exciting coils perhaps are installed, are implemented the electromagnetic excitation effect at the vertical liquid towards solder of weld seam front and back simultaneously; Perhaps add auxiliary magnetic field and tilt to put on the liquid molten bath of soldering, the angle on magnetic field and workpiece water plane is 15-80 °, is the optional position of the three-dimensional taper seat of axis with the center lines of electrodes, and is as shown in Figure 6; Perhaps add vertical auxiliary magnetic field and only be applied to the independent side of a kind of metal material of weld seam, form the electromagnetic excitation electric arc welding-braze complex method in half magnetic field, like Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5.
In the practical implementation process, can be according to workpiece concrete condition and welding position, design form is magnet exciting coil flexibly; For guaranteeing the stable of welding process and the reliability of regulating, to coil or the power supply of other energizing apparatus, cooperate electric arc welding-braze different technology conditions to use by the separate dedicated power supply.Apply half side auxiliary magnetic field and can control separately and make the low-melting-point metal mother metal be unlikely to overheated, accelerate weld porosity and overflow, prevent undercut, effects such as also can controlling the rupture of membranes of solder on the refractory metal mother metal separately, sprawl, be wetting and mobile.
The present invention can adopt other welding heat source to replace, like Laser Welding, plasma arc welding (PAW), plasma arc welding with adjustable polarity parameters, vacuum electron beam welding, non-vacuum electronic beam, axial rub weldering, radial direction friction welding, electric resistance welding etc.The present invention also can be applicable to the welding-braze field of same material.
Embodiment 1:
Steel-aluminium alloy foreign material electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment; Utilize the compound TIG method for welding of externally-applied magnetic field assistant electric arc; Throat thickness is that 3.6mm Q345 steel docks with the LD10 Al alloy parts; Double V-groove, 60 ° of bevel angles, technological parameter is: exchange the manual TIG weldering; Tungsten electrode diameter of phi 3.2mm; Welding current 60-140A; Auxiliary magnetic field intensity 500-600Gs; Solder wire diameter of phi 1.2mm through parameter optimization, reaches required joint performance.
Embodiment 2:
Steel-magnesium alloy foreign material electromagnetic excitation TIG electric arc welding-braze complex method and equipment utilizes the compound MIG method for welding of externally-applied magnetic field assistant electric arc, and throat thickness is that 4.2mm ZK60 magnesium alloy docks with the 35CrMnSi steel workpiece, Y type groove, root height 1mm.Technological parameter is: welding current 120-160A, dc reverse connection; Auxiliary magnetic field intensity 650-720Gs; Soldering gage of wire Φ 1.2mm through parameter optimization, reaches required microstructure and property.
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| CN118046067B (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-08-20 | 嘉兴鼎实机械制造股份有限公司 | Automatic change vertical straight seam welding production line |
| CN119175422A (en) * | 2024-11-26 | 2024-12-24 | 广州博之源科技有限公司 | Solder welding method |
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| CN1562548A (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-01-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Micro melting soldering method of argon-shielded tungsten arc welding for thick plate of red copper without warming-up |
| CN1751834A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-03-29 | 武汉理工大学 | Magnetic control melting electrode welding method, and its developed application, and its universal equipment |
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| JPS5215458A (en) | 1975-07-28 | 1977-02-05 | Showa Youkou Kk | Magnetic driving arc type brazing method |
| CN1562548A (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-01-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Micro melting soldering method of argon-shielded tungsten arc welding for thick plate of red copper without warming-up |
| CN1751834A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-03-29 | 武汉理工大学 | Magnetic control melting electrode welding method, and its developed application, and its universal equipment |
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