CN101832690A - Low-temperature air generator and low-temperature tunnel or low-temperature processing apparatus formed thereby - Google Patents
Low-temperature air generator and low-temperature tunnel or low-temperature processing apparatus formed thereby Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating low-temperature air and an apparatus thereof, i.e. a low-temperature air generator. A channel consisting of a heat exchanger and an insulation layer has the technical characteristics that pre-processed air is input from an input port of the channel to exchange cold energy with a cold medium or a low-temperature liquid in the heat exchanger in the channel so as to generate low-temperature air which is output from an output port of the channel. The generated low-temperature air provides cold sources for apparatuses or facilities including refrigeration houses, material low-temperature processing and cold treatment, refrigeration houses and the like; a low-temperature tunnel consists of the low-temperature air output by the low-temperature air generator and a material conveying tunnel to carry out pre-cooling (physical change) and cold treatment (chemical change) on materials, so as to realize low-temperature processing of materials by a low-temperature processing apparatus which is formed by combining the low-temperature air and a processing apparatus. The vaporization of the low-temperature liquid is continuous to ensure that the low-temperature air of the low-temperature air generator is continuous; and the materials are continuously lowered to the low temperature through the low-temperature tunnel so as to ensure that the low-temperature processing apparatus continuously processes, which has no precedent that the cold energy is abandoned and recycled to realize the low-temperature processing effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that produces Cryogenic air and be low-temperature air generator or be called produce the Cryogenic air device, the Cryogenic air of its generation provides low-temperature receiver for equipment such as freezer, low-temperature material processing and cold treatment or facility.
The Cryogenic air of low-temperature air generator output combines formation low temperature tunnel material is carried out precooling, cold treatment with mass transport tunnel (pipeline); Or constitute cryogenic processor with process equipment material is realized low temperature process; The present invention is applicable to too and produces other low temperature refrigerant, as producing low temperature nitrogen etc., belongs to technical fields such as the refrigeration of heat exchange and material, freezing, low temperature process, cold treatment.
Background technology
It is that natural gas is through depickling that liquefied natural gas (containing the unconventional natural gas of liquefaction coal bed gas) is called for short LNG, decarburization, dehydration, processing such as desulfurization, become-162 ℃ liquefied mixture by low temperature process liquefaction, in liquefaction process, one ton of liquefied natural gas of every production needs consumption of power and public utility electric weight to be about 850kWh, cryogenic liquid comprises liquefied natural gas, the liquefaction coal bed gas, liquefaction nitrogen, liquefied oxygen, the liquefaction argon gas, the liquefaction helium, liquid hydrogen etc., its liquefaction purpose is convenient transportation, be transported to the destination, need set up corresponding vaporization station, these cryogenic liquids are vaporized into gaseous state from liquid state, could directly use for the terminal use.These cryogenic liquids are in vaporescence, all discharge very big cold energy, for example, liquefied natural gas discharges cold energy and is approximately 830kJ/kg, this part cold energy is amounted to electric weight and is about 230-250kWh/T and absorbs in vain with seawater or air in vaporizer usually and slatterned, and is very unfortunate.
Absorb on the cryogenic liquid gasification pipeline omnidistance step cold energy and produce Cryogenic air and provide the degree of depth cold energy resource method of operation to equipment such as freezer, low-temperature material processing and cold treatment or facility, still blank is consulted all data and is found no precedent at present.
Summary of the invention
(1971) the conference unification of international refrigeration is decided through consultation: the fluid definition that boiling point is lower than about 120K is a cryogen, and from the thermodynamics angle, cryogen (gas or liquid) also is the operation material that belongs to power conversion, abbreviates working medium as;
Its temperature range of low-temperature air generator of the present invention comprises normal temperature, from normal temperature to low temperature, the operation material of power conversion adopts unified refrigerant title, and Cryogenic air promptly of the present invention comprises notions such as refrigeration working medium under working medium above-mentioned and the normal temperature, cold-producing medium, intermediate medium, refrigerating medium.Air itself also is a kind of refrigerant, and low-temperature air generator of the present invention also is called low temperature refrigerant generator, is applicable to other refrigerant (as nitrogen) too.Adopting Cryogenic air to need not in actual applications to transform can directly use, very convenient, and for example, Cryogenic air can directly be sent in the freezer or participate in low-temperature material precooling, low-temperature material processing, material cold treatment (chemical change) directly.
A kind of method that produces Cryogenic air and the equipment that produces Cryogenic air are low-temperature air generator, and the Cryogenic air of its generation provides low-temperature receiver for equipment such as freezer, low-temperature material processing and cold treatment or facility;
The Cryogenic air of low-temperature air generator output combines formation low temperature tunnel material is carried out precooling (physical change) and cold treatment (chemical change) with mass transport tunnel (or pipeline); Or combine with process equipment and to constitute cryogenic processor material is realized low temperature process.
The present invention has a plurality of patent applications under a total inventive concept, a plurality of independent right items are promptly arranged.
Technical scheme 1:
A kind of method that produces Cryogenic air: produce Cryogenic air from the cold energy exchange on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline in the heat exchanger in pretreated air and the passage that has heat insulation layer to constitute.
In the heat exchanger in the passage from the cold energy on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline, its technical characterictic is: a kind of mode, heat exchanger on refrigerant in the heat exchanger and the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline forms the refrigerant circulation, and air and interchanger are the cold energy on the indirect exchange cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline; Perhaps: another kind of mode, vaporizer on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline also is that heat exchanger is directly installed in the passage of heat insulation layer formation, cryogenic liquid in the heat exchanger directly discharges cold energy, and air and interchanger are the cold energy that directly exchanges on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline.
The concrete detailed description in detail seen technical scheme 2
Technical scheme 2:
The passage that low-temperature air generator is made of heat exchanger and heat insulation layer, its technical characterictic is: pretreated the air refrigerant the heat exchanger or cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in passage input port input and passage produce Cryogenic air and export through the passage delivery outlet.
Explain the technique effect of its principle, structure, workflow or arrival sentence by sentence in detail below in conjunction with figure.
Its technical characterictic of heat exchanger is:
Heat exchanger is installed in the channel interior of heat insulation layer.Can be that a plurality of (among Fig. 1 91,92,93,94) or (2 among a Fig. 2) heat exchanger are installed in the channel interior of heat insulation layer; Also can be that vaporizer on the cryogenic liquid gasification pipeline promptly also is the channel interior that heat exchanger (1 among Fig. 3) is directly installed on heat insulation layer;
Heat exchanger is heat exchanger again, is prior art, and heat exchanger can be used as heater, cooler, condenser, evaporimeter and reboiler etc. aborning.The heat exchanger kind is a lot, but can divide three major types promptly basically according to the principle and the mode of cold and hot fluid exchange heat: dividing wall type, hybrid and heat accumulating type.
Develop rapidly along with power-saving technology, the kind of heat exchanger is more and more, its structure of heat exchanger and the pattern that are applicable to different medium, different operating mode, different temperatures and different pressures are also inequality, and the heat exchanger kind is brought in constant renewal in exploitation novel, high-performance heat exchanger, specifically is classified as follows:
Classify by principle: direct-contact heat exchanger, energy-storage type heat exchanger, dividing wall type heat exchanger;
Classify by the heat transfer kind: no phase-change heat transfer, phase-change heat transfer is arranged;
Press the heat transfer element classification: tubular type heat transfer element, board-like heat transfer element;
Press the enhanced heat transfer component classification:
(1) screwed tube heat exchanger (2) corrugated tube heat exchanger (3) shape tube heat exchanger (4) porous surface heat exchange of heat pipe (5) heat exchanger with oblate (6) spiral grooved tube sheet heat exchanger (7) annular groove heat exchange of heat pipe (8) pod heat exchange of heat pipe (9) spirally-wound tube formula heat exchanger (11) T type finned tube exchanger (12) deep freezer (13) interpolation thing heat exchanger (14) sawtooth heat exchange of heat pipe;
Its technical characterictic of heat insulation layer is:
Constitute passageway housings (95 among Fig. 1 by parcel heat-insulating material (containing vacuum); Among Fig. 23; Among Fig. 3 2);
Heat-insulating material comprises insulation material, refers to hot-fluid is had the material or the composite body of remarkable resistance.Be prior art, the base attribute of heat-insulating material, the quality of heat-insulating material, mainly the height by the material heat-conductive characteristic is determined.The heat conduction more difficult (being that thermal conductivity factor is littler) of material, its thermal insulation, heat-insulating property are just better; The classification of heat-insulating material can be divided into inorganic heat-insulating material, organic thermal insulation materials and metal heat-insulating material three major types.Common have forms such as the thermal insulation of double wall powder accumulation, vacuum-powders insulation, multi-lay winding thermal insulation, hard polyurethane foams thermal insulation.
The passage technology feature:
Passageway housings is made of heat insulation layer, the channel interior mounting heat exchanger, and channel interior is had living space and is made things convenient for air circulation and heat exchanger exchange cold energy fast;
Channel cross-section is square, circular, rectangle, irregular shape; Passage has linear pattern, nonlinear type (as spirality);
Form channel design, its technical characterictic advantage is:
The one,, passage has certain-length in general, and heat exchanger can realize absorbing continuously the step cold energy that discharges continuously on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline in the passage; Or the refrigerant in the heat exchanger can realize absorbing continuously the step cold energy that discharges continuously on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline in the passage; Make passage that the step cold energy also just be arranged, meet the thermodynamics transfer law; The 2nd,, to export continuously through the passage delivery outlet from the air of passage input port input and the Cryogenic air of the reverse continuous exchange cold energy generation cryogenic temperature stable continuous of the step cold energy in the heat exchanger, its efficient is very high.
Its technical characterictic of pretreated air is:
Air is the dehydration air (dry air) through preliminary treatment (filtration, drying etc.), under blower fan, pump, the effect of compressor equal power device, import, the air input has technical parameter requirements such as certain wind speed, air quantity, and details is listed no longer one by one, is non-necessary technology condition.
Refrigerant in air and the passage in the heat exchanger or cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy, its technical characterictic is:
Two layers of meaning is arranged here:
The ground floor meaning:
Refrigerant exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger:
1, Fig. 1 is the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram of a plurality of refrigerant circulation circuit formations of multi-group heat exchanger formation, wherein:
On the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline:
1,2,3,4 expression heat exchangers; 5 expression vaporizers; 6 expression pumps;
Low-temperature air generator passage inner structure:
91,92,93,94 expression heat exchangers; 90 expression Cryogenic air outlets; 95 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 96 expression (through pretreated) air intakes;
Three kinds of equipment of refrigerant circulation circuit on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline and between the low-temperature air generator:
61,62,63,64 expression pump or compressors;
71,711,72,722,73,733,74,744 expression jar or ponds;
81,82,83,84, expression valve;
Four refrigerant circulation circuit:
1、61、71、722、81、91；2、62、72、722、82、92；3、63、73、733、83、93；4、64、74、744、84、94；
Wherein:
L1 represents to enter from the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 1;
L2 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 1, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 2;
L3 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 2, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 3;
L4 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 3, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 4;
L5 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 4, enters the inlet of gasifier 5;
L6 represents to come out to enter pipe network from the outlet of gasifier 5;
T1 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 1;
T2 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 2;
T3 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 3;
T4 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 4;
T5 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters vaporizer;
T6 represents that cryogenic liquid enters the temperature of pipe network;
S1, S11; S2, S22; S3, S33; S4, S44 represent refrigerant and the refrigerant flow direction in the heat exchanger 91,92,93,94 in the low-temperature air generator respectively, and refrigerant is respectively the refrigerant that S1, S2, S3, S4 can be identical or different;
T represents the temperature of air; T1, t2, t3, t4, t5 represent the temperature of air in low-temperature air generator passage relevant position;
The T2-T1 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S1 in the heat exchanger 1,91 and is one section cold energy t2-t1 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
The T3-T2 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S2 in the heat exchanger 2,92 and is one section cold energy t3-t2 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
The T4-T3 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S3 in the heat exchanger 3,93 and is one section cold energy t4-t3 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
The T5-T4 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S4 in the heat exchanger 4,94 and is one section cold energy t5-t4 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
Low-temperature air generator is delivered to the step cold energy on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline on the heat exchanger in the low-temperature air generator passage by refrigerant circulation circuit, make the heat exchanger in the passage also have the step cold energy of the heat exchanger on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline, just have in the low-temperature air generator passage with cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline on corresponding step cold energy.
2, Fig. 2 is that one group of heat exchanger forms the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that a refrigerant circulation circuit constitutes, wherein:
Liquid gasification pipeline:
Heat exchanger on the 1 expression cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline; 6 expression cryogenic liquid pumps; 7 expression vaporizers;
Low-temperature air generator passage inner structure:
Heat exchanger in the 2 expression passages; 3 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 4 expression Cryogenic air channel outlet; 5 expression (through pretreated) air duct inlets;
Three kinds of equipment of refrigerant circulation circuit on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline and between the low-temperature air generator:
81,82 expression pump or compressors; 91,92 expression jar or ponds; 10 expression valves;
A refrigerant circulation circuit;
1、2、81、82、91、92、10；
Among Fig. 1, Fig. 2 in the refrigerant circulation circuit; comprise cold accumulation system; just intermediate link increases cold accumulating pond equipment or facilities such as (jars); the cold accumulation system of cryogenic liquid in refrigerant circulation circuit provides cold energy; the cold-storage energy utilizes cold accumulation system by refrigerant circulation circuit during shutdown again, the downtime when reducing the pause of cryogenic liquid vaporization midway; here repeat no more, just in the refrigerant circulation circuit cold accumulation system also at protection domain of the present invention.
The second layer meaning:
Cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger:
Vaporizer on the pipeline of cryogenic liquid vaporization just is that heat exchanger is directly installed in the passage, and what promptly flow in the heat exchanger is exactly cryogenic liquid, the cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger.
Cryogenic liquid is meant liquefied natural gas, liquefaction coal bed gas, liquefied oxygen, liquefaction nitrogen, liquefaction hydrogen, liquefaction helium, liquefaction argon gas etc., and the present invention preferably uses LNG.Fig. 3 is directly installed on the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that constitutes in the passage for the cryogenic liquid heat exchanger, wherein:
1 expression cryogenic liquid heat exchanger; 2 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 3 expressions are through pretreated air duct inlet; 4 expression Cryogenic air channel outlet; 5 expression vaporizers.
Cryogenic liquid directly is LNG for example, the direct and Forced Air Convection of LNG in the heat exchanger in the vaporescence, and it is most effective.Defective is if LNG has leakage in the heat exchanger, contains gaseous natural gas in the Cryogenic air, influences the downstream and uses; Take the gas detection means in the use, find that Cryogenic air contains natural gas, stop this risk problem of fine solution immediately.
Adopt the refrigerant endless form in the heat exchanger among Fig. 1, Fig. 2, LNG leaks, and middle refrigerant endless form does not influence the downstream and uses.
Cryogenic air is exported its technical characterictic through the passage delivery outlet:
Cryogenic air can be a delivery outlet output through the output of passage delivery outlet, also can be divided into several delivery outlet outputs to a delivery outlet.
At present, it is impracticable only depending on freezer that material is reduced to that low temperature processes material again, because, low temperature like this, the people can't enter freezer (for example subzero 160 degree are to subzero 50 degree), and the people that more has no idea processes material in freezer, even if in freezer, realized material is processed, owing to there is not continuity, actual application value is little, and this is a difficult problem maximum in the low temperature process.
Must there be a kind of equipment can realize Cryogenic air of the present invention and material exchange cold energy, allow material reduce to low temperature, but also be continuous material is lowered the temperature, it is to go low temperature process in the process equipment that the material of cooling can very conveniently enter next procedure, scheme is as follows:
Technical scheme 3:
The low temperature tunnel is made of Cryogenic air input port and mass transport tunnel, and its technical characterictic is: mass transport tunnel shell contains thermal insulation or heat-insulation layer, the material exchange cold energy of carrying in the Cryogenic air of its Cryogenic air input port input and the mass transport tunnel.
Its technical characterictic of material exchange cold energy of carrying in the Cryogenic air of Cryogenic air input port input and the mass transport tunnel is:
Material exchange cold energy in Cryogenic air and the mass transport tunnel belongs to forced convertion, and heat exchange efficiency is the highest;
Preferably: the material of carrying in the Cryogenic air of Cryogenic air input port input and the mass transport tunnel is gone against the stream, and realizes material precooling (physical change) or material cold treatment (chemical change).
Its technical characterictic of mass transport tunnel: mass transport tunnel or be called material conveying pipe or comprise existing material conveying pipe is a prior art, comprises existing various types of mass transport tunnel; Conveying equipment in its delivery tunnel or the conveyance conduit, its technical characterictic is:
Material transfer equipment or title transmission equipment, it is prior art, the effect of conveying equipment and definition: in a unit or in production line, material is sent to another job site by the requirement of production technology from a job site, in transport process, material is carried out technological operation sometimes; In the present invention, material transfer equipment or claim transmission equipment in the low temperature tunnel material to be transported to the other end from generally is that material is carried in deep cooling, allows material reduce to low temperature, is delivered to next processing link again.
The conveying equipment classification:
Continuity by transport process is divided into: continous way and batch (-type) two big classes; Motion mode during by transmission: be divided into orthoscopic and swinging; By type of drive: be divided into Mechanical Driven, hydraulic-driven, air pressure drives and pattern such as Electromagnetic Drive; Be divided into by the material that is transmitted: the transmission of solid material and the transmission of fluid foods; During the conveying solid substance material, adopt various types of conveyers; The effect of ribbon conveyer: be used for that bulk, granular material and whole material carry out horizontal direction or incline direction transports, also can be used as simultaneously and select to check that packing is cleaned and pretreatment operation platform etc.; The operation principle of ribbon conveyer: be the endless belt that utilizes a sealing, drive motion by drum, material is put on tape, and frictionally is with tape travel, and the other end (or assigned position) that is transported to band unloads by deadweight (or discharger); Bucket elevator is used: be used for being convenient to tissue production toward the eminence convey materials; The major advantage of bucket elevator: be that floor space is little, can material rise to higher position (30～50m), productivity ratio scope big (3～160m3/h); The direction of bucket elevator tool convey materials can be divided into: tilting and rectilinear two kinds; Difference by haulage gear: can be divided into two kinds of belt bucket type and chain bucket types (strand formula and double-chain) again: come dividing by transporting velocity has at a high speed and two kinds of low speed: the principle of bucket elevator: it is with adhesive tape or chain row culture traction piece, hopper is fixed on the traction piece one by one, traction piece has revolving drum tensioning up and down and drives operation, material adds in the material bin from the elevator bottom, when being promoted to the top, hopper is walked around runner, material just draws off in struggling against, thereby reach the purpose that the lower material is risen to eminence, the operation parts of this machinery are contained in the casing, prevent that dust from flying out, in position, observation panel is housed; Conveying worm is a kind of not with the continuous conveyor of flexible traction organ: the effect of conveying worm: various powderies, granular, fritter shape need seal the material that transports; The operation principle of conveying worm: the spiral of conveying worm utilization rotation is passed the material that is transferred and is carried in fixing casing, material is because gravity and for the effect of the frictional force of shell wall, do not rotate at the volley with spiral, but move along material trough with the slip form, its situation is done translational motion as the nut that can not rotate along the screw rod of rotation.
Low-temperature material delivery tunnel shell of the present invention contains thermal insulation or heat-insulation layer, and existing people in the industry can both make;
In Fig. 4:
1 expression Cryogenic air inlet; 2 expression mass transport tunnels; 3 expression material input ports, material tunnel; The throughput direction of 4 expression materials in the tunnel; 5 expression material tunnel material delivery outlets; The shell in 6 expression material tunnels contains thermal insulation (containing insulation) material and constitutes.
Technical characterictic is: preferred: the Cryogenic air of 1 input and the throughput direction of 4 materials in the tunnel are reverse and go.
Reverse and row may cause a kind of in two kinds of effects: to material precooling (physical change); Or to material cold treatment (chemical change).
Technical scheme 4:
Cryogenic processor is made of Cryogenic air input port and process equipment, and its technical characterictic is: the Cryogenic air input port is installed in any position of process equipment, the input Cryogenic air, and the assurance material is processed under low temperature environment.
The Cryogenic air input port is installed in any position of process equipment, its technical characterictic is: the Cryogenic air input port is installed in material processing storehouse, material conveying pipe or its interlayer of process equipment, and there are thermal insulation or heat-insulation layer in this position, the input Cryogenic air, the assurance material is processed under low temperature environment.
1 Cryogenic air inlet is installed in the process equipment in the material bin 3 among Fig. 5.
Its technical characterictic of process equipment is: guarantee replacement all process equipments of physical change and chemical change of process equipment.For example, pulverizing, freeze drying, cold treatment equipment such as (distillations);
Process equipment is the various process equipments under the existing normal temperature, is existing known technology, at any position of process equipment the Cryogenic air inlet is installed, and increasing has thermal insulation or heat-insulation layer, also is that the people in the industry can accomplish.
Cryogenic processor is made of Cryogenic air input port and process equipment, is not simple increase, and the installation of Cryogenic air input port makes the processing materials temperature province extend downward low temperature, and beyond thought technique effect is arranged.Be a kind of brand-new cryogenic processor, opened up brand-new low-temperature material manufacture field.
Beneficial effect
1, low-temperature air generator absorbs the Cryogenic air that step cold energy on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline realizes that continuously the exchange cold energy produces temperature stabilization continuously continuously and exports continuously;
2, the Cryogenic air of low-temperature air generator output directly for freezer, low-temperature material processing, low-temperature material processing provide low-temperature receiver, is saved the power conversion link;
3, the low-temperature air generator cold energy of directly cryogenic liquid being vaporized on the pipeline is converted into Cryogenic air, kill two birds with one stone, the one, the evaporating capacity on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline of accelerating, the 2nd, be about to discarded high-quality cold energy when absorbing the cryogenic liquid vaporization, producing Cryogenic air is comprehensive utilization, and its economic benefit is very obvious;
4, Cryogenic air is done low-temperature receiver, without any polluting and noise environmental protection.
5, the cryogenic liquid vaporization is continuous; Guaranteed that it is continuous that low-temperature air generator produces Cryogenic air; Reduce to low temperature continuously by low temperature tunnel assurance material; Guaranteed that cryogenic processor processes continuously.The discarded utilization again of such cold energy realized low temperature process effect highly significant, and this technical scheme at present also beyond example.
6, low-temperature air generator can be according to cryogenic liquid evaporating capacity size, relevant device can be done and do for a short time greatly, apply in a flexible way, corresponding low temperature tunnel, cryogenic processor also can do do greatly little, the material of processing is the amount doesn't matter, and this has important to applying adaptation various places concrete condition very much.
Description of drawings
The low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that a plurality of refrigerant circulation circuit that Fig. 1 forms for multi-group heat exchanger constitute, wherein:
On the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline:
1,2,3,4 expression heat exchangers; 5 expression vaporizers; 6 expression pumps;
Low-temperature air generator passage inner structure:
91,92,93,94 expression heat exchangers; 90 expression Cryogenic air outlets; 95 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 96 expression (through pretreated) air intakes;
Three kinds of equipment of refrigerant circulation circuit on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline and between the low-temperature air generator:
61,62,63,64 expression pump or compressors;
71,711,72,722,73,733,74,744 expression jar or ponds;
81,82,83,84, expression valve;
Four refrigerant circulation circuit:
1、61、71、722、81、91；2、62、72、722、82、92；3、63、73、733、83、93；4、64、74、744、84、94；
Wherein:
L1 represents to enter from the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 1;
L2 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 1, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 2;
L3 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 2, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 3;
L4 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 3, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 4;
L5 represents to flow out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 4, enters the inlet of gasifier 5;
L6 represents to come out to enter pipe network from the outlet of gasifier 5;
T1 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 1;
T2 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 2;
T3 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 3;
T4 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters heat exchanger 4;
T5 represents the temperature before cryogenic liquid enters vaporizer;
T6 represents that cryogenic liquid enters the temperature of pipe network;
S1, S11; S2, S22; S3, S33; S4, S44 represent refrigerant and the refrigerant flow direction in the heat exchanger 91,92,93,94 in the low-temperature air generator respectively, and refrigerant is respectively the refrigerant that S1, S2, S3, S4 can be identical or different;
T represents the temperature of air; T1, t2, t3, t4, t5 represent the temperature of air in low-temperature air generator passage relevant position;
The T2-T1 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S1 in the heat exchanger 1,91 and is one section cold energy t2-t1 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
The T3-T2 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S2 in the heat exchanger 2,92 and is one section cold energy t3-t2 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
The T4-T3 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S3 in the heat exchanger 3,93 and is one section cold energy t4-t3 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
The T5-T4 cold energy transmits through the refrigerant S4 in the heat exchanger 4,94 and is one section cold energy t5-t4 in the low-temperature air generator passage;
Fig. 2 is that one group of heat exchanger forms the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that a refrigerant circulation circuit constitutes, wherein:
Liquid gasification pipeline:
Heat exchanger on the 1 expression cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline; 6 expression cryogenic liquid pumps; 7 expression vaporizers;
Low-temperature air generator passage inner structure:
Heat exchanger in the 2 expression passages; 3 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 4 expression Cryogenic air channel outlet; 5 expression (through pretreated) air duct inlets;
Three kinds of equipment of refrigerant circulation circuit on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline and between the low-temperature air generator:
81,82 expression pump or compressors; 91,92 expression jar or ponds; 10 expression valves;
A refrigerant circulation circuit;
1、2、81、82、91、92、10；
Fig. 3 is directly installed on the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that constitutes in the passage for the cryogenic liquid heat exchanger, wherein:
1 expression cryogenic liquid heat exchanger; 2 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 3 expression (through pretreated) air duct inlets; 4 expression Cryogenic air channel outlet; 5 expression vaporizers.
Fig. 4 constitutes low temperature tunnel schematic diagram for Cryogenic air inlet and mass transport tunnel, wherein:
1 expression Cryogenic air inlet; 2 expression mass transport tunnels; 3 expression material input ports, material tunnel; 4 expression mass transport directions; 5 expression material tunnel material delivery outlets; The shell in 6 expression low temperature tunnels contains thermal insulation (containing insulation) material and constitutes.
Fig. 5 constitutes the cryogenic processor cross-sectional view for Cryogenic air inlet and process equipment, wherein:
1 expression Cryogenic air inlet; 2 expression process equipments; 3 expression process equipment material bins; 4 expression process equipment heat insulation layer shells; 5 expression process equipment power operating parts.
Embodiment
One, explain low-temperature air generator in conjunction with Fig. 1 and produce the Cryogenic air process:
The low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that a plurality of refrigerant circulation circuit that Fig. 1 forms for multi-group heat exchanger constitute:
Our preferred LNG of cryogenic liquid;
LNG is pressed into through L1 by pump 6 enters from the tube side of heat exchanger 1 inlet; L2 flows out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 1, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 2; L3 flows out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 2, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 3; L4 flows out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 3, enters the tube side inlet of heat exchanger 4; L5 flows out from the tube side outlet of heat exchanger 4, enters the inlet of gasifier 5; L6 comes out to enter gas distributing system from the outlet of gasifier 5;
Wherein: we record the temperature that T1 enters before the heat exchanger 1 and are-158 ℃; The temperature that T2 enters before the heat exchanger 2 is-140 ℃; The temperature that T3 enters before the heat exchanger 3 is-100 ℃; The temperature that T4 enters before the heat exchanger 4 is-50 ℃; The temperature that T5 enters before the vaporizer is 0 ℃; The temperature that T6 enters gas distributing system is 20 ℃ of normal temperature;
Step cold energy on the LNG vaporization pipeline and the step cold energy exchange cycles loop between the low-temperature air generator passage:
Four refrigerant circulation circuit are respectively:
1、61、71、81、91；2、62、72、82、92；3、63、73、83、93；4、64、74、84、94；
T2-T1 section cold energy is one section cold energy t2-t1 in the low-temperature air generator passage through the refrigerant R410A in the heat exchanger 1,91 along S1, the transmission of S11 direction circulating reflux; T3-T2 section cold energy transmits along S2, S22 through the refrigerant R410A in the heat exchanger 2,92 and is one section cold energy t3-t2 in the low-temperature air generator passage; T4-T3 section cold energy transmits along S3, S33 through refrigerant 60% glycol water in the heat exchanger 3,93 and is one section cold energy t4-t3 in the low-temperature air generator passage; T5-T4 section cold energy transmits along S4, S44 through refrigerant 60% glycol water in the heat exchanger 4,94 and is one section cold energy t5-t4 in the low-temperature air generator passage; Absorb LNG step cold energy in the low-temperature air generator passage and also have the step cold energy: wherein: t1, t2, t3, t4, t5 represent the temperature of air relevant position in the low-temperature air generator passage;
We record t1=-148 ℃, t2=-125 ℃, t3=-90 ℃, t4=-30 ℃, t5=-1 ℃;
The freezing point of refrigerant R410A is at-155 ℃, and normal boiling point is at-51 ℃; Belong to the environmental protection refrigerant, environmentally friendly.
Refrigerant 60% glycol water fusing point is at-48.9 ℃, and boiling point is at 197.6 ℃, and is safe and reliable.
The passageway housings 95 of low-temperature air generator contains heat insulation layer; Temperature can be to external diffusion in the passage, just spread to passage two, through pretreated air certain wind speed, air quantity are arranged, when air with 5 meter per seconds, 10 cubes/second of air quantity are imported at 96 air intake places, air is successively through 94,93,92,91 heat exchangers exchange cold energy, be air successively with heat exchanger before and after 5=-1 ℃ of temperature t, t4=-30 ℃, t3=-90 ℃, t2=-125, ℃ t1=-148 ℃ exchange cold energy, air becomes Cryogenic air gradually, exports in 90 Cryogenic air exits;
Because LNG vaporizes continuously, air is imported continuously with certain wind speed, air quantity, there is the output of continuous low temperature air in the exit of low-temperature air generator.
This programme adopts a plurality of refrigerant circulation circuit, and temperature province makes each refrigerant circulation circuit not have the phase transformation generation successively, and operating cost is low, and shortcoming is that closed circuit is many, and investment strengthens.
Two, explain low-temperature air generator in conjunction with Fig. 2 and produce the Cryogenic air process:
Fig. 2 is that one group of heat exchanger forms the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that a refrigerant circulation circuit constitutes:
A refrigerant circulation circuit selects refrigerant generally to have phase transformation to take place, if select nitrogen to do refrigerant, then is the gaseous state operation always, and compressor is adopted in the gaseous state operation, and operating cost is than higher.
1, select nitrogen to do refrigerant:
92,82 can omit,
91 as surge tank; 81 as nitrogen compressor; 10 often open as valve;
We select LNG cryogenic liquid;
LNG is pressed into the input port of heat exchanger 1 through pump 6, flows to vaporizer 7 to gas distributing system through the delivery outlet of heat exchanger 1;
The nitrogen circulation loop is passed through heat exchanger 1,2 and valve 10 and surge tank 91 and is constantly circulated under the effect of compressor 81, nitrogen constantly takes the cold energy of LNG vaporization pipeline on the heat exchanger 2 in the low-temperature air generator passage to, passageway housings 3 adopts heat insulation layer to make, cold energy is kept in the passage, when air with 5 meter per seconds, 10 cubes/second speed and flow are imported from 5 feeder connections, with heat exchanger 2 exchange cold energy, produce Cryogenic air and export through 4 delivery outlets in passage.
2, select R23 to do refrigerant:
91,92 as surge tank; 81 as gas compressor; 82 as the liquid pump; 10 often open as valve;
We select LNG cryogenic liquid;
LNG is pressed into the input port of heat exchanger 1 through pump 6, flows to vaporizer 7 to gas distributing system through the delivery outlet of heat exchanger 1;
Refrigerant R23 closed circuit has phase transformation, and the 92nd, the fluid cushion jar; The 91st, the gas buffer jar; Refrigerant R23 is under liquid pump 82 and gas compressor 81 effects, constantly circulate by heat exchanger 1,2 and valve 10 and surge tank 91,92, R23 constantly takes the cold energy of LNG vaporization pipeline on the heat exchanger 2 in the low-temperature air generator passage to, passageway housings 3 adopts heat insulation layer to make, cold energy is kept in the passage, when air with 5 meter per seconds, 10 cubes/second speed and flow are imported from 5 feeder connections, in passage,, produce Cryogenic air and export through 4 delivery outlets with heat exchanger 2 exchange cold energy.
Three, explain low-temperature air generator in conjunction with Fig. 3 and produce the Cryogenic air process:
Fig. 3 is directly installed on the low-temperature air generator schematic diagram that constitutes in the passage for the cryogenic liquid heat exchanger, wherein:
1 expression cryogenic liquid heat exchanger; 2 expressions contain the passageway housings of heat insulation layer; 3 expression (through pretreated) air duct inlets; 4 expression Cryogenic air channel outlet; 5 expression vaporizers.
Our preferred LNG of cryogenic liquid;
Heat exchange gas in the heat exchanger 1 on the LNG vaporization pipeline is incomplete, goes into gas distributing system through vaporizer 7 heat exchange again.
Four, explaining the low temperature tunnel in conjunction with Fig. 4 constitutes and operation principle:
Fig. 4 constitutes low temperature tunnel schematic diagram for Cryogenic air inlet and mass transport tunnel, wherein:
1 expression Cryogenic air inlet; 2 expression mass transport tunnels; 3 expression material input ports, material tunnel; 4 expression mass transport directions; 5 expression material tunnel material delivery outlets; The shell in 6 expression low temperature tunnels contains thermal insulation (containing insulation) material and constitutes.
The Cryogenic air inlet is installed in any position, mass transport tunnel, and is preferred, and the direction of Cryogenic air inlet transporting low temperature air is opposite with the mass transport direction, forms adverse current, and heat exchange belongs to forces exchange, most effective.
The Cryogenic air of Cryogenic air inlet 1 input is opposite with mass transport direction 4 among the figure, be that material is carried to material outlet 5 from 3 porch through conveying equipment, the shell 6 in low temperature tunnel contains thermal insulation (containing insulation) material, Cryogenic air can only be carried out the cold energy exchange with the material carried in the tunnel, make material be reduced to low temperature, and Cryogenic air and the convey materials of input all be continuous, and the material that low temperature is reduced in realization is continuously exported continuously.
Five, be cryogenic processor cross-sectional view explanation cryogenic processor in conjunction with Fig. 5:
The material bin 3 that we find out process equipment 2 in Fig. 5 is accepted the low-temperature material of material delivery outlet 5 outputs among low temperature tunnel Fig. 4; enter the mouth 1 Cryogenic air of importing under the protection of the shell that heat insulation layer is arranged 4 of process equipment 2 by Cryogenic air among Fig. 5, in process equipment 2 medium power operating parts 5, finish processing.
Claims (9)
1. method that produces Cryogenic air: produce Cryogenic air from the cold energy exchange on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline in the heat exchanger in pretreated air and the passage that has heat insulation layer to constitute.
2. passage that low-temperature air generator is made of heat exchanger and heat insulation layer, its technical characterictic is: pretreated the air refrigerant the heat exchanger or cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in the input of passage input port and passage produce Cryogenic air and export through the passage delivery outlet.
3. as claim 2 low-temperature air generator, refrigerant in its described and passage in the heat exchanger or cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy, its technical characterictic is: by refrigerant circulation circuit the step cold energy on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline, be delivered on the heat exchanger in the low-temperature air generator passage refrigerant exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger; Or the vaporizer on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline is that heat exchanger is directly installed in the passage, and what promptly flow in the heat exchanger is exactly cryogenic liquid, the cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger.
4. a low temperature tunnel is made of Cryogenic air input port and mass transport tunnel, its technical characterictic is: mass transport tunnel shell contains thermal insulation or heat-insulation layer, the material exchange cold energy of carrying in the Cryogenic air of its Cryogenic air input port input and the mass transport tunnel.
5. a cryogenic processor is made of Cryogenic air input port and process equipment, and its technical characterictic is: the Cryogenic air input port is installed in any position of process equipment, the input Cryogenic air, and the assurance material is processed under low temperature environment.
6. method of making low-temperature air generator, by the passage that heat exchanger and heat insulation layer constitute, its technical characterictic is: pretreated the air refrigerant the heat exchanger or cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in passage input port input and passage produce Cryogenic air and export through the passage delivery outlet.
7. as claim 6 method of making low-temperature air generator, refrigerant in its described and passage in the heat exchanger or cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy, its technical characterictic is: by refrigerant circulation circuit the step cold energy on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline, be delivered on the heat exchanger in the low-temperature air generator passage refrigerant exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger; Or the vaporizer on the cryogenic liquid vaporization pipeline is that heat exchanger is directly installed in the passage, and what promptly flow in the heat exchanger is exactly cryogenic liquid, the cryogenic liquid exchange cold energy in air and the passage in the heat exchanger.
8. method of making the low temperature tunnel, constitute by Cryogenic air input port and mass transport tunnel, its technical characterictic is: mass transport tunnel shell contains thermal insulation or heat-insulation layer, the material exchange cold energy of carrying in the Cryogenic air of its Cryogenic air input port input and the mass transport tunnel.
9. a method of making cryogenic processor is made of Cryogenic air input port and process equipment, and its technical characterictic is: the Cryogenic air input port is installed in any position of process equipment, the input Cryogenic air, and the assurance material is processed under low temperature environment.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102941502A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-02-27 | 江苏大学 | Ultralow temperature processing method and ultralow temperature processing device for liquefied natural gas (LNG) equipment |
| CN104422191A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-18 | 江苏绿叶锅炉有限公司 | Device for using deflating to produce low-temperature air |
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| JP2008124175A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-29 | Takashi Fukuda | Superconductive power storage equipment |
| CN201093819Y (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2008-07-30 | 德化县农业局 | LNG cold energy step level, integrated utilization system |
| CN101818979A (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2010-09-01 | 沈军 | Low-temperature tunnel and low-temperature material processing plant formed by tunnel |
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| CN1342879A (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-04-03 | 谢红飞 | Method for utilizing cold on gasifying liquefied natural gas |
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| CN102941502A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-02-27 | 江苏大学 | Ultralow temperature processing method and ultralow temperature processing device for liquefied natural gas (LNG) equipment |
| CN102941502B (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-08-20 | 江苏大学 | Ultralow temperature processing method and ultralow temperature processing device for liquefied natural gas (LNG) equipment |
| CN104422191A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-18 | 江苏绿叶锅炉有限公司 | Device for using deflating to produce low-temperature air |
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