CN101823339A - 碾磨装备主传动箱弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦的激光处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
碾磨装备主传动箱弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦的激光处理方法,涉及冶金领域。本发明采用石墨作为涂层,利用强激光诱导的冲击波对弹性金属塑料推力瓦表面进行激光冲击处理,提高表面塑料层的致密度,并在塑料层表面形成一定深度的微凹坑,增加表面油膜附着力和储油性能,当高压润滑油供给中断时,表面凹坑储存的润滑油可在一定时间内维持油膜存在,油膜消失后激光冲击时嵌入塑料层的石墨颗粒起润滑作用,从而减少真正无润滑剂干摩擦的时间,达到减少塑料层干摩擦磨损的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金领域,具体涉及一种矿渣循环利用碾磨装备传动箱主推力轴瓦的激光处理方法。
背景技术
碾磨装备是高炉炼铁、炼钢矿渣循环再利用的关键装备,其主传动轴的支承方式传统上采用“巴氏合金瓦面推力瓦+动压润滑油膜”支承,刚启动时未能形成动压润滑油膜容易产生干摩擦拉毛、烧坏轴瓦使系统瘫痪,采用“弹性金属塑料推力瓦+高压顶起静压润滑油膜”支承可以有效克服这一缺陷。但在运行过程中高压油泵系统出现故障,弹性金属塑料推力瓦表面因干摩擦形成大量转移膜,导致轴瓦表面塑料层磨损加快。
在金属表面处理技术中,激光冲击强化是一种新型表面强化方法,即利用激光诱导的冲击波使金属材料表面发生塑性变形,产生残余应力层,提高金属表面的耐磨损、抗疲劳性能,而对于弹性金属轴瓦表面的塑料而言,由于塑料自身固有的物理性质,无法通过冲击提高其耐磨损性能。弹性金属塑料轴瓦的干摩擦磨损主要是表面材料迁移和表面材料软化形成的,根据弹性金属塑料轴瓦的磨损特点,本发明提供一种碾磨装备使用的弹性金属塑料推力瓦的处理方式,可以有效降低轴瓦表面塑料层的磨损。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于冶金领域的矿渣循环利用碾磨装备主传动轴推力轴瓦的表面激光冲击处理方法。
本发明的方法是利用强激光诱导的冲击波对弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦表面进行激光冲击处理,提高表面塑料层的致密度,提高塑料层表面软化温度,并在塑料层表面形成一定深度的未凹坑,增加表面油膜附着力和储油性能,当高压润滑油供给中断时,表面凹坑储存的润滑油可在一定时间内维持油膜存在,从而减少干摩擦时间。
本发明的装置包括光学系统、夹具系统和控制系统,其中光学系统包括激光器与反射镜,夹具系统包括夹具、涂层、约束层与回转工作台,控制系统包括计算机、工作台控制装置、激光器控制装置。计算机与工作台控制装置、激光器控制装置相连,激光器发出的激光束经反射镜反射后辐照到轴瓦表面,轴瓦安装在与工作台相连的夹具中,轴瓦表面涂布涂层,并在涂层上覆盖约束层。
实施本发明执行以下步骤:
1、首先在弹性金属塑料轴瓦表面涂布石墨材料作为涂层,涂层厚度为500微米,与金属材料相比,塑料熔点、强度都比较低,因此采用较厚的涂层以隔绝激光热效应对塑料的影响,另外,石墨在激光冲击时嵌入塑料中,与塑料冲击复合可增强干摩擦润滑性能;
2、将弹性金属塑料轴瓦安装到工作台上的夹具上,表面喷水作为约束层;
3、利用计算机控制激光器控制装置发出功率密度为109w/cm2左右、脉冲宽度23ns、光斑直径为1mm的激光脉冲进行单点单次冲击处理。与金属冲击强化相比,塑料因强度较低,因此使用的激光功率密度较低,金属冲击强化所使用的激光功率密度一般在1010-1014w/cm2。激光冲击作用使塑料表面形成深度为500微米的凹坑,并使部分石墨粉末嵌入塑料中;
4、计算机控制工作台控制装置,使工作台移动,对其他区域进行冲击,直至整个塑料表面形成面积比至少达0.4的冲击凹坑;
实施本发明的处理方法,可以有效提高塑料层表面的致密度,提高塑料表面软化温度,并提高油膜附着性能和储油性能,在油泵供油中断时,凹坑中储存的润滑油(如图3所示),因塑料层受轴端挤压溢出,在轴端与轴瓦之间形成油膜(如图4所示),在一段时间内继续维持油膜的存在,当油膜消失后,嵌入塑料层的石墨颗粒仍然能起润滑作用,从而减少真正无润滑干摩擦的时间,达到减少干摩擦磨损的作用。
附图说明
图1弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦激光冲击处理装置结构图
图2碾磨装备主传动箱弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦结构图
图3润滑油供给中断时凹坑储油示意图
图4凹坑储油挤出形成油膜示意图
1计算机 2工作台控制装置 3激光器控制装置 4激光器 5激光束6反射镜 7约束层 8涂层 9夹具 10弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦 11工作台12塑料层 13弹簧层 14轴瓦基体材料 15轴 16润滑油
具体实施方式
如图1所示本发明的弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦激光冲击处理装置,主要由光学系统、夹具系统和控制系统组成,其中光学系统包括激光器4与反射镜6,夹具系统包括夹具9、涂层8、约束层7与回转工作台11,控制系统包括计算机1、工作台控制装置2、激光器控制装置3。计算机1与工作台控制装置2、激光器控制装置3相连,激光器4发出的激光束5经反射镜6反射后辐照到轴瓦10表面,轴瓦10安装在与工作台11相连的夹具9中,轴瓦11表面涂布涂层8,并在涂层8上覆盖约束层7。
进行激光冲击处理时,计算机1发出指令,激光器控制装置3控制激光器4按指定参数发出激光束5,激光束5经反射镜6反射后穿过约束层7辐照到轴瓦10表面的涂层材料8上,涂层8吸收激光能量迅速气化、离化形成冲击波向轴瓦10中传播,使塑料层受压产生压缩塑性变形。约束层7用于提高冲击波的强度,涂层8用于隔绝激光的热效应对轴瓦10表面塑料层12的影响。通过计算机1控制工作台11转动,对轴瓦表面进行逐点冲击处理。
Claims (2)
1.碾磨装备主传动箱弹性金属塑料推力轴瓦的激光处理方法,其特征在于:以石墨材料作为涂层,利用激光诱导的冲击波对轴瓦表面的塑料层进行冲击处理,使塑料层致密度增加,并在塑料层表面形成冲击凹坑,从而改善表面储油性能和油膜附着性能,在轴瓦润滑油供给中断时,塑料层表面凹坑储存的润滑油继续维持油膜的存在,减少塑料层干摩擦磨损;石墨在激光冲击时嵌入塑料中,当油膜消失后,嵌入塑料层的石墨颗粒仍然能起润滑作用,从而减少真正无润滑干摩擦的时间,达到减少干摩擦磨损的作用。
2.权利要求1所述的激光处理方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)首先在弹性金属塑料轴瓦表面涂布石墨材料作为涂层,涂层厚度为500微米;
(2)将弹性金属塑料轴瓦安装到工作台上的夹具上,表面喷水作为约束层;
(3)利用计算机控制激光器控制装置发出功率密度为1010-1014w/cm2、脉冲宽度23ns、光斑直径为1mm的激光脉冲进行单点单次冲击处理,激光冲击作用使塑料表面形成深度为500微米的凹坑,并使部分石墨粉末嵌入塑料中;
(4)计算机控制工作台控制装置,使工作台移动,对其他区域进行冲击,直至整个塑料表面形成面积比至少达0.4的冲击凹坑。
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CN108893733A (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏大学 | 一种激光热力耦合织构固体润滑涂层制备方法 |
CN108907451A (zh) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 东华大学 | 一种提高滑动轴承耐磨性和使用寿命的方法 |
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US4816374A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1989-03-28 | Societe D'applications Plastiques Rhone-Alpes (Sapra) | Method of making a plastic material sensitive to laser radiation and enabling it to be marked by a laser, and articles obtained thereby |
CN1287900A (zh) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-03-21 | 佳能株式会社 | 激光加工方法、利用该方法生产喷墨记录头和喷墨记录头 |
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US4816374A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1989-03-28 | Societe D'applications Plastiques Rhone-Alpes (Sapra) | Method of making a plastic material sensitive to laser radiation and enabling it to be marked by a laser, and articles obtained thereby |
CN1287900A (zh) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-03-21 | 佳能株式会社 | 激光加工方法、利用该方法生产喷墨记录头和喷墨记录头 |
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CN108893733A (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏大学 | 一种激光热力耦合织构固体润滑涂层制备方法 |
CN108907451A (zh) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 东华大学 | 一种提高滑动轴承耐磨性和使用寿命的方法 |
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