CN101812310A - High-efficiency lignite low-temperature dry distillation quality-enhancing process by using dry distillation coal gas as heat-carrying medium - Google Patents
High-efficiency lignite low-temperature dry distillation quality-enhancing process by using dry distillation coal gas as heat-carrying medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011285 coke tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010980 drying distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010819 recyclable waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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Abstract
本发明涉及煤炭低温干馏工艺，特别是一种以干馏煤气为载热质的高效褐煤低温干馏提质工艺。它包括备煤流程、干燥流程、干馏流程、热源流程、煤气及焦油处理流程、半焦冷却输送流程，它以干燥塔自生水蒸汽作为褐煤的干燥介质；以发生炉煤气为热源加热自产干馏煤气作为干馏介质；以发生炉煤气作为热风炉燃料；干馏半焦的冷却采用干燥排烟+半水喷淋的冷却方式；将凝结水用于熄焦水、发生炉煤气气化剂、焦油冷却剂。本工艺可以生产出高指标干燥煤、干半焦，高热值煤气，高品质焦油，具有完善高效的能量循环利用体系，同时，可以做到不用外部自然水，几乎无外排水，节省大量污水处理费用，为用户创造最高的经济效益，具有巨大的经济技术及市场竞争力。
The invention relates to a coal low-temperature dry distillation process, in particular to a high-efficiency lignite low-temperature dry distillation process using dry distillation gas as a heat carrier. It includes coal preparation process, drying process, dry distillation process, heat source process, gas and tar treatment process, and semi-coke cooling and transportation process. It uses the self-generated water vapor of the drying tower as the drying medium of lignite; uses the producer gas as the heat source to heat the self-produced dry distillation Coal gas is used as dry distillation medium; producer gas is used as hot stove fuel; dry distillation semi-coke is cooled by dry smoke exhaust + semi-water spray cooling method; condensed water is used for coke quenching water, producer gas gasification agent, and tar cooling agent. This process can produce high-index dry coal, dry semi-coke, high calorific value gas, and high-quality tar. It has a perfect and efficient energy recycling system. At the same time, it can achieve no external natural water, almost no external drainage, and save a lot of sewage treatment. Cost, to create the highest economic benefits for users, with huge economic technology and market competitiveness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology, particularly a kind of is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas.
Background technology
At present, the flue gas that known brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology produces with hotblast stove is as drying and destructive distillation heat-carrying matter, and in the connection of whole process flow, energy utilization efficiency also has much room for improvement.There is following shortcoming in known brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology:
1. the flying dust in the flue gas enters processing coal, and causing processing ash content of coal increases.
2. hotblast stove air consumption coefficient is controlled when bad, and hot flue gas contains more oxygen, makes the possibility of coal dust, gas explosion increase the security of system variation.
3. if hotblast stove Mars enters the drying and carbonization system, ignition source be may become and whole drying, distillation system ignited, lead to disastrous consequence.
4. flue gas will enter in the dry distillation gas, have a large amount of rare gas elementes in the dry distillation gas, and the dry distillation gas calorific value is reduced significantly, have a strong impact on efficiency of combustion, the incendiary stability of destructive distillation gas and the heat energy utilization rate after the burning.
5. a large amount of water vapour of going out of brown coal drying have been taken away a large amount of latent heats of vaporization, have caused huge power loss, and a large amount of moisture fails to reclaim simultaneously.
6. wet quenching makes the semicoke secondary immersion after the destructive distillation, in order to reduce the semicoke water ratio, needs carry out redrying to semicoke, and redrying has caused the secondary pollution of lot of energy loss and water resources.
Summary of the invention
Problems such as the present invention is intended to solve traditional coal drying and the low-temperature pyrolysis process safety is poor, thermo-efficiency is low, big, sewage disposal expense height is polluted in big, the outer exhaust of coal gas inert fraction height, tar dustiness, and provide a kind of is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas, it is that thermal source heats self-produced dry distillation gas and removes the destructive distillation brown coal with the producer gas, to reduce the content of rare gas element in the dry distillation gas, improve the calorific value of dry distillation gas; Do not adopt traditional hot-blast stove fume directly as siccative, but adopt self-produced steam as the security and the high efficiency of siccative to guarantee dehumidification system; Do not adopt conventional wet quenching mode, but adopt to do wet bonded method quenching, avoid semicoke secondary immersion phenomenon, save the redrying operation, save the redrying energy and avoided the secondary pollution of water resources.
The alleged problem of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
A kind of is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas, and technical process comprises that flow process is carried in coal flow process, drying process, destructive distillation flow process, thermal source flow process, coal gas and tar treatment scheme, semicoke cooling fully.
A. be equipped with the coal flow process: raw coal sieves on the screening bed after entering crusher in crushing, and particle diameter is conveyed into drying tower between the coal of 3-25mm and carries out drying; Particle diameter is sent in the producer gas generator as gasified raw material less than the coal of 3mm; Particle diameter returns crusher continuation fragmentation greater than the coal of 25mm;
B. drying process: coal in the drying tower drying process spontaneous water vapor as siccative, drying agent fly-ash separator is processed into the clean water steam, this clean water steam separated into two parts, after a part is heated to specified temperature as siccative by the waste gas residual heat from hot tube heat exchanger, enter drying tower coal is carried out drying, siccative and coal carry out contrary distributary two backhaul heat exchange, and the temperature of siccative between two backhauls regulated by the incorporation that changes the high temperature drying agent; Another part clean water steam is introduced into the quenching jar and cools off vapour as quenching;
C. destructive distillation flow process: dried coal enters raises tiltedly that the dry distillation rate with regulation carries out destructive distillation in the reciprocating and turning-back formula dry distillation tower, dry distillation medium is the hot flue gas heating that produced by the hotblast stove self-produced dry distillation gas to certain temperature, and the destructive distillation product is high temperature semicoke, tar and dry distillation gas;
D. thermal source flow process: particle diameter is sent into less than the coal of 3mm and is carried out coal gasification course in the producer gas generator, after producer gas is drawn from producer, enter Combustion of Hot Air Furnace and produce high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enters hot tube heat exchanger, heating is from the clean dry distillation gas at coal gas dust removal device rear portion, from hot tube heat exchanger draw in warm flue gas enter the agent of siccative interchanger heat drying, after the udst separation of hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator, enter atmosphere then through chimney;
E. coal gas and tar treatment scheme: after dry distillation gas is drawn dry distillation tower, at first enter the dedusting of coal gas dust removal device, enter successively then except that tar device, inter cooler, coal gas desulfurization device and separate and purifying treatment, a purified dry distillation gas part enters gas holder and carries out the IGCC generating, and another part enters the hot tube heat exchanger heating and recycles as dry distillation medium;
F. flow process is carried in the semicoke cooling: the hot semicoke after the destructive distillation enters the quenching jar by the dry distillation tower basecoat and does wet in conjunction with cooling, at first, condensed water from the condensed water interchanger is sprayed onto on the hot semicoke, the water at low temperature steam that is used to self-desiccation agent fly-ash separator then washes away hot semicoke, enters the flood dragon dumper after hot semicoke is cooled to 200 ℃; Heat-eliminating medium leaves the quenching jar after the dedusting of quenching fly-ash separator is condensed to the heat release of producer gas generator vaporized chemical in the condensed water interchanger then, and condensed water then circulates and enters the quenching jar and be used for quenching water spray.
Compared with prior art, technical superiority of the present invention is embodied in following several respects:
(1) drying nest has adopted unique spontaneous steam drying system, and drying medium adopts clean cycle gas, has effectively utilized smoke evacuation sensible heat and induced-draft fan overbottom pressure.Simultaneously,, thereby reduced the quantity of drying medium, effectively reduced the blower fan power consumption, and avoided the Coalhotairfurnace ash content to enter the increase of the pit ash that moisture-free coal causes because the water vapour specific heat capacity is bigger.
(2) because water vapour is rare gas element, oxygenous hardly in the water vapor during closed cycle, there is not the possibility of blast in system.
(3) the drying medium closed cycle has made full use of drying medium steam discharge sensible heat, and the heat of heat drying medium is from the exhaust gas of hot-blast stove waste heat, and the heat energy utilization rate is greatly improved.
(4) in the dry distillation tower of this flow process, adopt the unique technology of dry distillation gas as the destructive distillation heating agent, quality of coke tar and caloric power of gas increase substantially, and have created good condition for the deep processing of tar and coal gas, and caloric power of gas can reach about 3500Kcal/Kg.
(5) retort process and drying process not only can independently be produced but also can integratedly be produced, and independent production both can diversify, and can be used as again and produce buffering, improve the continuity of producing, the influence of reduction accident to producing.Integrated production can be simplified Production Flow Chart, dwindles floor space.
(6) utilize interchanger that hotblast stove and drying installation are separated, prevent that Mars from entering moisture eliminator, the probability of avoiding explosion phenomenon to take place is for improving desiccant temperature, carrying out depth drying safety assurance is provided.
(7) type of cooling of dry smoke evacuation+half water spray is adopted in the cooling of destructive distillation semicoke, not only can improve the semicoke quality, can also save the rear portion drying process, and technical superiority is obvious.
(8) utilize semicoke cooling exhaust preheated air, recyclable waste gas residual heat obtains water coolant simultaneously, and water coolant reclaims and can be used for semicoke cooling water spray, producer gas vaporized chemical, tar refrigerant etc.Recycling of middle water purifies discharged gas fume significantly, reduced the entrained a large amount of noxious gas emissions of water vapour, simultaneously, the cyclically utilizing of middle water has saved a large amount of sewage disposal expenses, both improve the economic benefit of total system, improved its environmental benefit again.
(9) this technology can be produced high target moisture-free coal, dried semicoke, high heating value gas, high-quality tar, has to improve efficiently energy cycle and utilize system, provides high quality open interface for the degree of depth of product transforms.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Among the figure: crusher 1; Screening bed 2; Drying tower 3; Siccative interchanger 4; Siccative fly-ash separator 5; Hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator 6; Chimney 7; Producer gas generator 8; Hotblast stove 9; Hot tube heat exchanger 10; Condensed water interchanger 11; Fan 12; Pond 13; Quenching fly-ash separator 14; Dry distillation tower 15; Quenching jar 16; Coal gas dust removal device 17; Remove tar device 18; Inter cooler 19; Coal gas desulfurization device 20; Gas chamber 21; Flood dragon dumper 22 is transported burnt car 23.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, be that the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter is divided into coal flow process, drying process, destructive distillation flow process, thermal source flow process, coal gas and tar treatment scheme, semicoke cooling fully and carries flow process with the dry distillation gas.
Be equipped with the coal flow process: equipment comprises crusher 1, screening bed 2 and supporting coal transport unit, and it mainly acts on is to carry out sieve classification after the raw coal fragmentation, to be transported to different positions by different-grain diameter.Idiographic flow is: raw coal enters crusher 1 fragmentation back and sieves on screening bed 2, and particle diameter returns crusher 1 continuation fragmentation greater than the coal of 25mm; Particle diameter is conveyed into drying tower 3 between the coal of 3-25mm and carries out drying; Particle diameter is sent in the producer gas generator 8 as gasified raw material less than the coal of 3mm.
Drying process: equipment comprises drying tower 3, siccative interchanger 4, siccative fly-ash separator 5, and it mainly acts on is the part moisture of removing in the raw coal.Idiographic flow is: coal in drying tower 3 drying processs spontaneous water vapor as siccative (take away the moisture of separating out in the coal when siccative passes the coal seam and form dry water vapour), drying agent fly-ash separator 5 is processed into the clean water steam, this clean water steam separated into two parts, after a part is heated to specified temperature as siccative by the waste gas residual heat from hot tube heat exchanger 10, enter 3 pairs of coals of drying tower and carry out drying, siccative and coal carry out contrary distributary two backhaul heat exchange, and the temperature of siccative between two backhauls regulated by the incorporation that changes the high temperature drying agent; Another part clean water steam is introduced into quenching jar 16 as quenching cooling vapour.
The destructive distillation flow process: equipment relates to dry distillation tower 15, and its effect is that dried coal is carried out destructive distillation, to obtain semicoke, coal gas, tar products.Idiographic flow is: dried coal enters tiltedly to raise in the reciprocating and turning-back formula dry distillation tower 15 and carries out destructive distillation with the dry distillation rate of stipulating, dry distillation medium is the hot flue gas heating that produced by the hotblast stove 9 self-produced dry distillation gas to certain temperature, and the destructive distillation product is high temperature semicoke, tar and dry distillation gas.
The thermal source flow process: equipment comprises hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator 6, chimney 7, producer gas generator 8, hotblast stove 9, hot tube heat exchanger 10, and its effect is to provide heat for coal drying, retort process.Idiographic flow is: particle diameter is sent into less than the coal of 3mm and is carried out coal gasification course in the producer gas generator 8, after producer gas is drawn from producer, enter hotblast stove 9 burnings and produce high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enters hot tube heat exchanger 10, heating is from the clean dry distillation gas at coal gas dust removal device 17 rear portions, from hot tube heat exchanger 10 draw in warm flue gas enter the 4 heat drying agent of siccative interchanger, after 6 udst separations of hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator, enter atmosphere then through chimney 7;
Coal gas and tar treatment scheme: equipment comprises coal gas dust removal device 17, removes tar device 18, inter cooler 19, coal gas desulfurization device 20, gas chamber 21, idiographic flow is: after dry distillation gas is drawn dry distillation tower 15, at first enter 17 dedustings of coal gas dust removal device, enter successively then except that tar device 18, inter cooler 19, coal gas desulfurization device 20 and separate and purifying treatment, a purified dry distillation gas part enters gas chamber 21 and carries out the IGCC generating, and another part enters hot tube heat exchanger 10 heating and recycles as dry distillation medium;
Flow process is carried in the semicoke cooling: equipment comprises quenching fly-ash separator 14, quenching jar 16, condensed water interchanger 11, pond 13, auger dumper 22, the burnt car 23 of fortune, it mainly acts on is to reduce the semicoke temperature, and the water vapour in the waste gas that condenses, qualified semicoke is delivered to storage Jiao Chang.Idiographic flow is: the hot semicoke after the destructive distillation enters quenching jar 16 by dry distillation tower 15 basecoats and does wet in conjunction with cooling, at first, condensed water from condensed water interchanger 11 is sprayed onto on the hot semicoke, the water at low temperature steam that is used to self-desiccation agent fly-ash separator 5 then washes away hot semicoke, enter flood dragon dumper 22 after hot semicoke is cooled to 200 ℃, will qualified semicoke be delivered to by the burnt car 23 of fortune then and store up Jiao Chang; Heat-eliminating medium leaves quenching jar 16 after 14 dedustings of quenching fly-ash separator are condensed to producer gas generator 8 vaporized chemical heat releases in condensed water interchanger 11 then, has not only reclaimed the large quantity of moisture in the heat-eliminating medium, and has reclaimed hot semicoke generation sensible heat.Simultaneously, vaporized chemical (air) obtains preheating, has increased the addition of producer gas generator steam gasification agent, and the hydrogen density in the producer gas is improved, and has improved the spatter property of fuel to a certain extent.Condensed water then enters quenching jar 16 and is used for the quenching water spray, thereby water circulation use in realizing saves the large amount of sewage processing costs.
The above-mentioned technical process of the present invention is by automatic controlling system, and the effect of automatic control system is that the critical technical parameter to the whole production flow process detects automatically, transmits, shows and regulates and control.
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| CN102199437A (en) * | 2011-04-23 | 2011-09-28 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Large-scale low-order brown coal upgrading tower |
| CN102277182A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2011-12-14 | 清华大学 | Low-temperature dry distillation system and technology of solid heat-carrying low-grade coal |
| CN102329628A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-01-25 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Large-size low-temperature destructive distillation system for low-order lignite |
| CN102391884A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-03-28 | 河北一台能源科技有限公司 | Metal caloric low-temperature dry distillation process for long flame coal or lignite |
| CN102417823A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-04-18 | 山东天力干燥股份有限公司 | Combined quality-improving process and system for drying and dry distillation of low-rank coal |
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2010
- 2010-05-06 CN CN201010166192A patent/CN101812310A/en active Pending
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