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CN101809299B - Hydrodynamic axial bearing - Google Patents

Hydrodynamic axial bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101809299B
CN101809299B CN2008801096413A CN200880109641A CN101809299B CN 101809299 B CN101809299 B CN 101809299B CN 2008801096413 A CN2008801096413 A CN 2008801096413A CN 200880109641 A CN200880109641 A CN 200880109641A CN 101809299 B CN101809299 B CN 101809299B
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China
Prior art keywords
floating disc
floating
axial bearing
bearing
hydrodynamic axial
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CN2008801096413A
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CN101809299A (en
Inventor
M·迪皮特罗
B·阿曼
M·勒邦格
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Ausnutria Switzerland Ltd
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ABB Turbo Systems AG
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Priority to CN201210230715.7A priority Critical patent/CN102748390B/en
Publication of CN101809299A publication Critical patent/CN101809299A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/166—Sliding contact bearing
    • F01D25/168—Sliding contact bearing for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/047—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with fixed wedges to generate hydrodynamic pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/10—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/18—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with floating brasses or brushing, rotatable at a reduced speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1075—Wedges, e.g. ramps or lobes, for generating pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/70—Slinger plates or washers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23—Gas turbine engines
    • F16C2360/24—Turbochargers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

通过使浮动盘(30)的两侧上的两个润滑间隙通过不同大小的承载面积而形成，在损耗功率和油渗透方面优化带有浮动盘(30)的流体动力轴向轴承。由此，尽管在浮动盘(30)和轴承罩壳(20)或者浮动盘(30)和轴承梳形部(11)之间的旋转速度不同，但是对于两个侧面可形成相同的润滑间隙。

Figure 200880109641

A hydrodynamic axial bearing with a floating disk (30) is optimized with respect to power loss and oil penetration by forming two lubrication gaps on both sides of the floating disk (30) with differently sized load-bearing areas. As a result, the same lubrication gap can be formed for both sides despite the different rotational speeds between the floating disk ( 30 ) and the bearing housing ( 20 ) or between the floating disk ( 30 ) and the bearing comb ( 11 ).

Figure 200880109641

Description

Hydrodynamic axial bearing
Technical field
The present invention relates to fluid dynamic (hydrodynamisch) cod (Axiallagerung) field of running shaft, such as for example employed cod in exhaust-gas turbocharger.
The present invention relates to Hydrodynamic axial bearing and this floating disc with floating disc (Schwimmscheibe).
Background technique
When the rotor of quick rotation is loaded end thrust, the cod that use can be carried.For example in exhaust-gas turbocharger, use Hydrodynamic axial bearing, to be used for bearing the high axial force that is caused by fluid and to be used for turbine shaft guiding in the axial direction.In order in this application, to improve oblique position compensation ability and wearing character, in Hydrodynamic axial bearing, between the bearing comb shape section (Lagerkamm) of rotating with the axle rotating speed and non-rotary bearing case, can use the dish (so-called floating disc) of free floating.
In addition, relevant example can be at file GB1095999 therewith, and EP0840027 finds among EP1199486 and the EP1644647.The radial directed of floating disc is being on the solid of rotation, namely realizing (as for example disclosed among the file EP0840027) by the radial bearing that is integrated in the floating disc on the axle or in bearing comb shape section, or realizes (as for example disclosed among the file EP1199486) at bearer ring (Lagerbund) static, that surround solid of rotation with one heart.This Hydrodynamic axial bearing lubricated usually by means of from self lubricating oil system lubricant oil or in exhaust-gas turbocharger the lubricating oil system by the internal-combustion engine that is connected with exhaust-gas turbocharger realize.
Be in operation with about only half the rotating floating disc of axle rotating speed and axle or be arranged in and set up the lubricating film that can carry between the bearing comb shape section on the axle.Usually be provided with (profiliert) ring surface of moulding in two sides of floating disc, these ring surfaces form the lubrication gap with the slip surface of smooth (eben) respectively for this reason.The ring surface of moulding comprises at least at week directed wedge surface upwards, and these wedge surfaces form the gap of convergence with smooth slip surface.If in the gap of this convergence, suck (hineinziehen) enough oiling agents, then form the lubricating film that can carry.Oiling agent is diametrically diffusion (verbreiten) owing to the centrifugal action of atwirl floating disc.
The rotating speed that axially affects floating disc with the friction torque that radially slides the face place at floating disc.The floating disc rotating speed typically is positioned at below 50% of axle rotating speed when high axle rotating speed, that is, floating disc rotates with a half speed that is lower than axle.Thus, in two axial lubrication gaps, obtain different relative velocities.At this, axle with respect to the relative velocity of floating disc greater than the relative velocity of floating disc with respect to the bearing case.
Because different relative velocities and different centrifugal actions, the clearance height that occurs in two axial lubrication gaps is different.Because bearing size is designed for each minimum lubrication gap that occurs, so the bearing play is overdimensioned (ü berdimensioniert), and this can cause unnecessary lossy power and unnecessary oil infiltration
Figure GPA00001077622000021
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the objective of the invention is, aspect loss power and oily infiltration, optimize the Hydrodynamic axial bearing with floating disc.
This purpose realizes by the load of the different sizes of two bearing playes on the floating disc both sides according to the present invention, so that the minimum lubrication gap is identical at design point.Be called the load of bearing with rotating speed, bearing capacity that the minimum lubrication gap is relevant with oily characteristic.
On how much, be configured to the different different loads of lubrication gap realization according to the present invention.At this, limited by the ring surface of moulding and smooth slip surface, think the lubrication gap in the space that forms between the parts of cod (namely on the side between bearing case and the floating disc and on the opposite side between floating disc and the bearing comb shape section that rotates together with the axis).
Can determine individually the face size of two axial lubrication gaps by the radially end difference of floating disc, so that the size on design point of the minimum clearance height in two lubrication gaps is identical.At this, advantageously, with respect to the side towards bearing comb shape section, make the side towards the bearing case of floating disc be equipped with larger supporting plane.
Can reduce its size equally by the rounded face of radially dwindling moulding.At this, can be radially inwardly, radially outward or radially inwardly and outwards realize dwindling.
Form together the ring surface of moulding of lubrication gap and the supporting plane that smooth slip surface is called cod.When only having one to dwindle diametrically and smooth slip surface when having identical size in the ring surface of for example two moulding, then realize equally the size reduction of supporting plane.When the ring surface of two moulding of a size and so smooth slip surface (that is, for example in the slip surface does not extend at whole ring surface diametrically) acting in conjunction, then realize identical effect.
The variation of load also can realize by being molded over the Geometrical change that makes progress in week.Therefore for example can make the quantity of section reduce to five from six.Perhaps can strengthen oil groove extension in the axial direction.
Although utilize on mentioned form of implementation one side on the relative velocity between the floating disc and bearing case and opposite side the relative velocity between the floating disc and bearing comb shape section different, can make the mutual balance of minimum lubrication clearance height (angleichen) on the both sides of floating disc.
Alternatively, can make the one or both sides of floating disc be configured to smooth slip surface and the ring surface of moulding is arranged in axle or the bearing comb shape section.For example, if the side surface configurations towards axle of floating disc becomes smooth slip surface and makes the ring surface moulding corresponding to axle, then in two bearing part, distinguish the ring surface of moulding quick rotation.
Description of drawings
The below explains form of implementation of the present invention in detail by means of accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 has shown the first form of implementation of cod with stair-stepping floating disc designed according to this invention,
Fig. 2 has shown the second form of implementation of cod with floating disc (with the ring surface of different moulding) designed according to this invention,
Fig. 3 has shown the sectional view of the lubricant oil supply of the 3rd form of implementation of passing cod with stair-stepping floating disc designed according to this invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have shown two forms of implementation according to Hydrodynamic axial bearing of the present invention, wherein, show respectively the cross section of passing cod along the axis guiding in the centre of figure.Cod comprises floating disc 30, this floating disc 30 be arranged in bearing case 20 on axially and be arranged on the axle 10 and and the bearing comb shape section 11 of axle rotation between.Alternatively, bearing comb shape section can be used as radially-protruding protuberance and is integrated in the axle, so that floating disc is disposed axially between bearing case and the axle protuberance.Left side and right side area at figure shows from the view of the observed floating disc in corresponding side respectively.Show floating disc 30A observed on direction A in the left side, show floating disc 30B observed on direction B on the right side.
Floating disc 30A towards the ring surface of the moulding of bearing case with absolute velocity v S(that is, shown in form of implementation in observe widdershins at direction A) rotation.At this, radially be incorporated into by lubrication groove 31 lubricant oil in the ring surface zone of moulding of the floating disc between floating disc 30 and the bearing case 20 (as with shown in the broad arrow like that) with the direction of rotation of floating disc be drawn in the wedge surface 32.By the lubrication gap between the smooth slip surface at wedge surface 32 and relative bearing case place narrow down set up for the necessary pressure of the load of cod.Obtaining pressure maximum from wedge surface 32 to stop surface 33 the transition region.
Floating disc 30B towards the ring surface of the moulding of bearing comb shape section with absolute velocity v S(that is, shown in form of implementation in observe deasil at direction B) rotation.But, because bearing comb shape section 11 is in the same direction with than twice large speed v also WRotate, therefore produce the relative velocity v of the ring surface of moulding R, this relative velocity v RAdvance counterclockwise in direction B observation.At this, relative velocity v RGreater than absolute velocity v SAgain represent with broad arrow, how lubricant oil is directed and upwards is drawn in the wedge surface in week at this by the lubrication groove radially outward.
In the form of implementation according to Fig. 1, floating disc 30 has radially end difference, so that exceed diametrically towards the side of bearing comb shape section 11 towards the side of bearing case 20.Therefore, the radial extent of two of floating disc sides is different.Ring surface in the moulding on the side of bearing case has ring width r G, this ring width r GGreater than the ring width r at the ring surface on the side of bearing comb shape section of floating disc W
Because higher relative velocity (at the wedge surface of the ring surface of the moulding on the side of bearing comb shape section of floating disc with the smooth slip surface rotation of this relative velocity in the bearing comb shape section), therefore form lubrication gap (although loaded area is less), this lubrication gap corresponding to bearing case and floating disc towards the lubrication gap between the side of bearing case.
In the form of implementation according to Fig. 2, floating disc 30 has the side of two formed objects, but the ring surface of its moulding is configured to difference.The ring surface of moulding is divided into a plurality of sections 34, and wherein, section comprises lubrication groove 31, wedge surface 32 and contiguous stop surface 33.The ring surface that the bearing case with respect to static on the left side rotates more lentamente has than at the more section 34 of ring surface with the rotation of higher relative velocity on bearing comb shape section side.
Alternatively, for example change and scope with maximum load capacity is diminished or when expanding, can change load when the inclination angle of wedge surface (Steigungswinkel).Transition between wedge surface 32 and the stop surface 33 can by means of seamed edge or with as stretch continuously, without the mode of the face of seamed edge and realize.Under latter event, need not to distinguish wedge surface and stop surface, so the angle that wedge surface for example also can continue to diminish is elevated to next lubrication groove continuously.
In the form of implementation according to Fig. 3, floating disc 30 has end difference radially again, so that exceed diametrically towards the side of bearing comb shape section 11 towards the side of bearing case 20.In addition, apply the inclined-plane and the inside radius of the ring surface of moulding is a little outwards strengthened at the radially inner side towards the side of bearing comb shape section.The inward flange radially outward skew of the smooth slip surface at bearing comb shape section place thus with respect to the first form of implementation, additionally reduces the loaded area of the lubrication gap between floating disc 30 and the bearing comb shape section 11.
In the floating disc of Hydrodynamic axial bearing, essential to two side supplying lubricating oils.For this reason according to the present invention with at least one supply orifice 35 in conjunction with (einlassen) in floating disc.Supply orifice 35 connects two sides of floating disc and allows lubricant oil to supply on the another side from a side.Alternatively, floating disc has a supply orifice for each lubrication groove on the side of bearing comb shape section.
Shown in form of implementation in, lubricant oil is directed in the zone of the lubrication gap between floating disc 30 and the bearing case 20 by the lubricant oil intake line 22 in the bearing case.The rotation of the ring surface by moulding makes lubricant oil carry along lubrication groove 31 radially outwards, and upwards is drawn in the wedge surface in week at this.By the supply orifice 35 in the zone that is arranged in lubrication groove 31 lubricant oil is transported in the zone of the lubrication gap between floating disc 30 and the bearing comb shape section 11 equally.At this, if supply orifice selflubricating gap rise with the mode off-axis of lubricant oil supply to point to towards outer peripheral angle, then the rotation by floating disc helps lubricating oil flow.
Because supply orifice can be given up the supply tank in the zone of the radial bearing of floating disc to a great extent.Reduce thus the lubricant oil infiltration that connects gap (Entkopplungsspalt) by the disengaging between bearing comb shape section 11 and the bearer ring 21 (when floating disc 30 is bearing on the static bearing case, having bearer ring 21).Especially advantageously, break away from connecting the gap leads in the situation without additional seal element in the zone of the radial bearing of floating disc in the oil spout space of exhaust-gas turbocharger for example.
List of reference characters
10 axles
11 bearing comb shape sections
20 bearing cases
21 bearer rings
22 lubricant oil intake lines
30 floating discs
The 30A floating disc, bearing cage shell-side (A observes in direction)
The 30B floating disc, bearing comb shape section side (B observes in direction)
31 lubrication grooves
32 wedge surfaces
33 stop surfaces
The section of the ring surface of 34 moulding
35 supply orifices
r GThe ring width of bearing cage shell-side
r WThe ring width of bearing comb shape section side
v RFloating disc is with respect to the relative velocity of bearing comb shape section
v SThe speed of floating disc
v WThe speed of bearing comb shape section

Claims (12)

1.一种可转动地支承在轴承罩壳(20)中的轴(10)的流体动力轴向轴承，所述轴向轴承包括浮动盘，所述浮动盘轴向上布置在所述轴承罩壳和布置在所述轴上的轴承梳形部(11)之间，其中，在所述轴承罩壳(20)和所述浮动盘(30)之间和在所述浮动盘(30)和所述轴承梳形部(11)之间分别构造有通过成型的环形面和平整的滑动面所限制的润滑间隙，其中，所述成型的环形面包括多个分别在周向上使润滑间隙变窄的楔面(32)，其特征在于，通过所述成型的环形面和所述平整的滑动面而在所述浮动盘两侧上形成的润滑间隙具有彼此不同的几何尺寸。1. A hydrodynamic axial bearing of a shaft (10) rotatably supported in a bearing housing (20), said axial bearing comprising a floating disc axially arranged in said bearing housing between the housing and the bearing comb (11) arranged on the shaft, wherein, between the bearing housing (20) and the floating disk (30) and between the floating disk (30) and The bearing combs (11) are respectively configured with lubricating gaps limited by formed annular surfaces and flat sliding surfaces, wherein the formed annular surfaces include a plurality of rings that respectively narrow the lubrication gaps in the circumferential direction. The wedge surface (32) is characterized in that the lubricating gaps formed on both sides of the floating disc by the formed annular surface and the flat sliding surface have different geometric dimensions from each other. 2.根据权利要求1所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，在所述浮动盘两侧的润滑间隙具有不同的径向尺寸。2. The hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating gaps on both sides of the floating disc have different radial dimensions. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，形成所述浮动盘(30)两侧的润滑间隙的成型的两个环形面分别划分成不同数量的区段(34)，其中相应地，一个区段(34)包括一个楔面(32)。3. The hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the formed two annular surfaces forming the lubricating gaps on both sides of the floating disc (30) are divided into different numbers of sections ( 34), wherein correspondingly, a section (34) includes a wedge surface (32). 4.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，形成所述浮动盘两侧的润滑间隙的成型的两个环形面具有构造成不同的楔面(32)。4. Hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two profiled annular surfaces forming the lubrication gap on both sides of the floating disk have differently configured wedge surfaces (32). 5.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，所述成型的环形面包括楔面(32)和平整的止动面(33)，并且形成所述浮动盘两侧的润滑间隙的成型的两个环形面具有不同的所述止动面(33)与所述楔面(32)的面积比。5. The hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the formed annular surface includes a wedge surface (32) and a flat stop surface (33), and forms two sides of the floating disc. The profiled two annular surfaces of the lateral lubrication gap have different area ratios of the stop surface (33) to the wedge surface (32). 6.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，所述浮动盘(30)的一侧相对于另一侧径向上构造成阶梯状。6. The hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one side of the floating disc (30) is radially stepped relative to the other side. 7.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，将至少一个供应孔(35)结合到所述浮动盘(30)中，其中，所述至少一个供应孔(35)使所述浮动盘的两个侧面相互连接。7. Hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one supply hole (35) is incorporated into the floating disc (30), wherein the at least one supply hole (35 ) connects the two sides of the floating disk to each other. 8.根据权利要求7所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，所述浮动盘具有径向的润滑槽(31)，并且所述至少一个供应孔(35)至少在所述浮动盘的一侧上通到润滑槽(31)中。8. The hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 7, characterized in that the floating disk has radial lubrication grooves (31), and the at least one supply hole (35) is at least in the Pass in the lubricating groove (31) on one side. 9.根据权利要求7或8所述的流体动力轴向轴承，其特征在于，所述至少一个供应孔(35)以一角度径向向外指向。9. A hydrodynamic axial bearing according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said at least one supply hole (35) is directed radially outwards at an angle. 10.一种废气涡轮增压器，包括如权利要求1中所述的轴，所述轴带有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的流体动力轴向轴承。10. An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising a shaft as claimed in claim 1 with a hydrodynamic axial bearing according to any one of the preceding claims. 11.一种用于流体动力轴向轴承中的在轴承罩壳和可转动地支承在所述轴承罩壳中的轴之间的浮动盘，所述浮动盘在两侧分别具有带有多个楔面(32)的成型的环形面，其中，如此地构造所述楔面，即，使得所述楔面分别在周向上使所述浮动盘和平整的滑动面之间的润滑间隙变窄，其特征在于，通过所述成型的环形面和所述平整的滑动面而在所述浮动盘的两侧上形成的润滑间隙具有彼此不同的几何尺寸。11. A floating disc for use in a hydrodynamic axial bearing between a bearing housing and a shaft rotatably supported in said bearing housing, said floating disc having a plurality of A profiled annular surface of the wedge surface (32), wherein the wedge surface is configured in such a way that it narrows the lubrication gap between the floating disk and the flat sliding surface in the circumferential direction, It is characterized in that the lubricating gaps formed on both sides of the floating disk by the shaped annular surface and the flat sliding surface have different geometrical dimensions from one another. 12.根据权利要求11所述的浮动盘，其特征在于，两个成型的环形面分别划分成不同数量的区段(34)，其中相应地，一个区段(34)包括一个楔面(32)。12. The floating disk according to claim 11, characterized in that the two shaped annular surfaces are divided into different numbers of sections (34), wherein correspondingly one section (34) comprises a wedge surface (32 ).
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