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CN101807708B - Fuel cell containing multiple independent cell subunit groups - Google Patents

Fuel cell containing multiple independent cell subunit groups Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101807708B
CN101807708B CN2010101546109A CN201010154610A CN101807708B CN 101807708 B CN101807708 B CN 101807708B CN 2010101546109 A CN2010101546109 A CN 2010101546109A CN 201010154610 A CN201010154610 A CN 201010154610A CN 101807708 B CN101807708 B CN 101807708B
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fuel cell
catalyst layer
cell
pem
subunit
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CN101807708A (en
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高勇
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Shunfeng Hengjin hydrogen energy development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
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SHANGHAI EVERPOWER TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell containing multiple independent cell subunit groups. The fuel cell comprises a plurality of fuel cell units, each fuel cell unit comprises a bi-polar plate and a membrane electrode assembly, each membrane electrode assembly comprises a proton exchange membrane and catalyst layers positioned at both sides of each proton exchange membrane and both sides of each proton exchange membrane are symmetrically provided with mutually independent catalyst layers; and the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst layers, a ventilation layer and the bi-polar plate at the position of same catalyst layer form a fuel cell subunit, multiple fuel cell subunits are serially connected at same position on the fuel cell unit to form the fuel cell subunit group, and each fuel cell subunit group is connected with a diode in parallel after being in serial connection with the diode. By partitioning an integral fuel cell into multiple independent fuel cell subunit groups, the invention eliminates the relevance among reaction areas, partitions and reduces the amplitude of voltage difference probably emerged and reduces the occurrence of electrochemical corrosion phenomenon.

Description

The fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fuel cell technology field, particularly the fuel cell of independent reaction areas.
Background technology
Fuel cell is made up of a plurality of battery units usually, and each battery unit comprises two electrodes (bipolar plates), and these two electrodes are separated by electrolyte element, and assembling with being one another in series, forms fuel cell pack.Through supplying with suitable reactant for each electrode, promptly give an electrode fueling and another supply oxidant, the realization electrochemical reaction, thus between electrode, form potential difference, and therefore produce electric energy.
For improving the needs that satisfy more high-power output, adopt the mode of conversion zone (catalyst layer) area in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) that increases each battery unit to realize usually.As shown in Figure 1; The two sides of PEM 1 among Fig. 1 (front of a side only is shown among Fig. 1) is equipped with catalyst layer 2; Reactant gets into the runner of bipolar plates from passage 4, the release reaction thing on the catalyst layer 2 of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrochemical reaction takes place in the runner.
With compared with techniques before; Though the runner of bipolar plates design has at present had suitable progress; But along with the increase of conversion zone area in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), in electrochemical reaction process, the runner on the bipolar plates also can not guarantee it can carry reactant equably.In the membrane electrode assembly as shown in Figure 1 (MEA), to the runner zone that entire cell is set, from the import to the outlet, in other words, in different regional areas, distribution of air flow is uneven.In these overall or local zones, the concentration of fuel and oxidant also is uneven in addition, in working order down, the electric transient effect that fluctuation produced of the supply of reactant, its voltage V is as shown in Figure 2 with the relation of same flow channel length L longitudinally.In the same runner that length L is, possibly produce bigger voltage difference delta V at the runner two ends; In like manner; Phenomenon in this big voltage difference of transversely also possibly producing of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) conversion zone; And between runner, also possibly there is the phenomenon that produces voltage difference because of the inhomogeneous release of reactant; Cause bigger horizontal (Inplane) electric current of the inner generation of each battery unit, cause the electrochemical corrosion of membrane electrode, this will greatly reduce the useful life of fuel cell.And the zone that the reactant quantity delivered is big is subject to the little zone of reactant quantity delivered, and this associated effect also can cause the big regional output voltage of reactant quantity delivered to be dragged down, and influences the power output of fuel cell.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups, be prone to produce the technical problem that transverse current causes the corrosion of fuel cell with each battery unit that solves existing fuel cell.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups; Comprise a plurality of cell of fuel cell; Each said cell of fuel cell comprises bipolar plates and the membrane electrode assembly between said bipolar plates; Said membrane electrode assembly comprises PEM and the catalyst layer that is positioned at these PEM both sides, and said PEM both sides all are arranged with separate catalyst layer;
Position corresponding to each said catalyst layer is provided with an air-permeable layer;
Said bipolar plates comprises non-electrochemical conversion zone and a plurality of electrochemical reaction zone; Said electrochemical reaction zone is corresponding with the position of said catalyst layer; Splicing is connected with the non-electrochemical conversion zone in said electrochemical reaction zone, and the material of said non-electrochemical conversion zone is a non-conducting material;
The position of the catalyst layer of each said cell of fuel cell is identical; PEM, catalyst layer, air-permeable layer and the bipolar plates of same catalyst layer position becomes a fuel cell subelement; The fuel cell subelement at a plurality of said cell of fuel cell same positions place is connected in series and constitutes fuel cell subelement group, parallel connection after each said fuel cell subelement group is connected with a diode.With existing make as far as possible reactant the design concept of the uniform single fuel cell pack of entire reaction region allocation different be; The present invention adopts overall fuel cell is divided into a plurality of individual fuel cell subelement groups; Eliminated the relevance between the conversion zone; The amplitude of the voltage difference of cutting apart and having reduced to occur has reduced the generation of electrochemical corrosion phenomenon, has brought into play the usefulness from an individual fuel cell subelement and even whole fuel cell to greatest extent.
Further, the both sides lateral symmetry of said PEM is provided with the catalyst layer of a plurality of mutual separations.
Further, the both sides of said PEM vertically are arranged with the catalyst layer of a plurality of mutual separations.
Further, gap between the said catalyst layer in the same said cell of fuel cell and the gap location between the air-permeable layer filler that is provided with insulation.
Further, said filler and said non-electrochemical conversion zone are structure as a whole.
The present invention is designed to a plurality of distinct area with the catalyst layer in the membrane electrode assembly of fuel cell; And further with correspondingly separately design of air-permeable layer, two plates or the like; Can avoid on catalyst layer, air-permeable layer and bipolar plates, producing respectively bigger transverse current so effectively; Delay the corrosion phenomenon of fuel cell greatly, improved the life-span of fuel cell.And through the diode that increases; Effectively avoided generation because of voltage difference deleterious current between fuel cell subelement group; Further improved the life-span of fuel cell, brought into play usefulness to greatest extent from an individual fuel cell subelement and even whole fuel cell.
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the membrane electrode assembly of existing fuel cell;
Fig. 2 is the voltage V graph of a relation of membrane electrode assembly on same flow channel length L of existing fuel cell;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the present invention includes the membrane electrode assembly among the fuel cell embodiment of a plurality of independent cell subunit groups;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that the present invention includes the bipolar plates among the fuel cell embodiment of a plurality of independent cell subunit groups;
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view that the present invention includes among the fuel cell embodiment of a plurality of independent cell subunit groups at Fig. 3 membrane electrode assembly A-A place;
Fig. 6 is the voltage V graph of a relation of membrane electrode assembly on same flow channel length L that the present invention includes among the fuel cell embodiment of a plurality of independent cell subunit groups;
Fig. 7 is the fuel cell example structure sketch map that the present invention includes a plurality of independent cell subunit groups.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 5; A kind of fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups; Comprise a plurality of cell of fuel cell, said cell of fuel cell comprises bipolar plates 10 and the membrane electrode assembly 20 between said bipolar plates 10, and said membrane electrode assembly 20 comprises PEM 22 and the catalyst layer 21 that is positioned at these PEM both sides; Wherein, the catalyst layer 21 of said PEM 22 both sides is a plurality of separate catalyst layers 21.Being that catalyst layer 21 is separated from each other design, is that one whole design is distinguished mutually with existing catalyst layer 2, avoids on catalyst layer 21, producing bigger transverse current.
Wherein, the catalyst layer 21 of said PEM 22 both sides is symmetrical set.
Wherein, the position corresponding to each said catalyst layer 21 is provided with an air-permeable layer 24.It is this separately mode of design that air-permeable layer 24 also adopts catalyst layer 21.Can avoid on air-permeable layer 24 producing bigger transverse current equally like this.
Wherein, Said bipolar plates 10 comprises non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 and a plurality of electrochemical reactions zone 11; Said electrochemical reaction zone 11 is corresponding with the position of said catalyst layer 21, and 12 splicings are connected with the non-electrochemical conversion zone in said electrochemical reaction zone 11.Wherein, the material of said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 is a non-conducting material.
Wherein, As shown in Figure 5; The position of the catalyst layer 21 of each said cell of fuel cell is identical, and the PEM 22 of same catalyst layer 21 positions, catalyst layer 21, air-permeable layer 24 and bipolar plates 10 constitute a fuel cell subelement, and the fuel cell subelement at a plurality of said cell of fuel cell same positions place is connected in series and constitutes fuel cell subelement group; Parallel connection was as shown in Figure 7 after each said fuel cell subelement group was connected with a diode.Each fuel cell subelement is separate in the same cell of fuel cell; Can not produce transverse current between each sub-cells; And can not produce electric current between each fuel cell subelement group unit, the useful life that therefore can improve fuel cell effectively because of the difference of voltage yet.
Like this,, and produce transient effect, also can not produce bigger voltage difference even the reactant flow that on same said cell of fuel cell, provides owing to runner is inhomogeneous.As shown in Figure 6, in the same longitudinally runner of membrane electrode assembly 20,, and produce transient effect, its voltage V and the relation of same flow channel length L longitudinally because that reactant flow distributes is inhomogeneous.In the same runner that length L is; Through catalyst layer 21 is designed to a plurality of distinct area; Under the constant situation of flow field condition; It possibly produce the part (concrete numerical value depends on the number of catalyst layer 21 on vertical same runner) that voltage difference delta V has only existing membrane electrode assembly at the runner two ends, this has reduced voltage or change in current amplitude in the flow field greatly.In like manner; The voltage difference that transversely produces at conversion zone 21 also has only the part of existing MEA (concrete numerical value depends on the number of catalyst layer 21 on the horizontal same runner); This has also reduced the inner transverse current that produces of each cell of fuel cell greatly; And the slight lateral electric current that produces is limited in the single fuel cell subelement of branch, has avoided the corrosion of whole fuel cell, greatly improve the useful life of fuel cell.Among Fig. 3, the passage 14 (shown in Figure 4) on channel interface 14 and the corresponding bipolar plates 10 is communicated with.
Wherein, the quantity of said catalyst layer 21 can the demand flexible design, and as from 2 to 200, its arrangement mode also can have multiple.Design is as far as possible evenly to distribute preferably, under the prerequisite that does not influence performance, improves the utilance of membrane electrode assembly as far as possible.As, lateral symmetry is provided with the catalyst layer 21 of a plurality of mutual separations in the both sides of said PEM 22, and/or vertically is arranged with the catalyst layer 21 of a plurality of mutual separations in the both sides of said PEM 22.
Describe with four catalyst layers 21 in the present embodiment, should be understood that, this embodiment is not construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 5 is assembled into the cutaway view of fuel cell at membrane electrode assembly A-A place shown in Figure 3.Wherein, gap between the said catalyst layer 21 in the said same cell of fuel cell and the gap location between the air-permeable layer 24 filler 120 that is provided with insulation.This filler 120 is used to fill this part space and makes the insulation between interchange and the air-permeable layer 24 of insulating between the catalyst layer 21.This filler 120 also can be the part of the non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 of said bipolar plates 10, and promptly this filler 120 is structure as a whole with said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12.Can simplify the processing and the assembling of fuel cell like this.
Wherein, the electrochemical reaction of said bipolar plates 10 zone 1 is meant the zone that fueling and oxidant react, but not electrochemical reaction zone 12 is meant the zone that electrochemical reaction does not take place.This non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 is used to support said electrochemical reaction zone 11, bears extraneous active force.Through the electrochemical reaction zone 11 of bipolar plates was opened design in 12 minutes with the non-electrochemical conversion zone, can effectively reduce design difficulty.For example, the bipolar plate material in said electrochemical reaction zone 11 can adopt the material that satisfies fuel battery double plates to process, as adopting carbon plate, metallic plate etc.And the material that the bipolar plate material of said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 can adopt the cheapness with certain intensity and heat resistance to be easy to machine-shaping is processed, and 1 splicing of electrochemical reaction zone is connected in this non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 and gets final product during assembling.
Wherein, the material of said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 is an insulating material.For example ABS (by styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile is the base terpolymers), PVC materials such as (pvc materials).This non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 can integrative-structure, also can be to be spliced by polylith.Conversion zone is with a kind of electric conducting material with its peripheral non-reaction zone territory in the bipolar plates of existing fuel cell; This part electric current that makes reaction produce passes through from its peripheral non-reaction zone territory; Form eddy current; Cause the gradient deviation of electric current, cause the generation of current loss phenomenon, this harmful current phenomenon causes the fuel cell pack reduction in useful life easily.The present invention is through opening design with the electrochemical reaction zone 11 of bipolar plates in 12 minutes with the non-electrochemical conversion zone; And adopt insulating material to make said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12; Electric current is passed through from electrochemical reaction zone 12 equably; Avoid the generation of eddy current, improved the useful life of fuel cell.And because said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 is processed for insulating material, this connected mode can further be avoided the generation of transverse current.
Wherein, said electrochemical reaction zone 11 is positioned at the middle part, and said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 is positioned at said electrochemical reaction zone 11 peripheries.
Wherein, the reactant transfer passage 14 that the runner in said non-electrochemical conversion zone 12 electrochemical reaction that be provided with and said zones 12 communicates can adopt the multiple correlation technique of existing bipolar plates to realize, omits the detailed description to this part at this.
Wherein, Said electrochemical reaction zone 1 can adopt multiple mode to realize with the splicing of said non-electrochemical conversion zone 2; As splicing after bonding, hot pressing, the extruding; The part that perhaps will splice mutually is made as definite shape, like step, and zigzag, groove, convexity and realize through multiple modes such as annular seal bar sealing splicings.
Above-described embodiment only is used to explain technological thought of the present invention and characteristics; Its purpose is to make those skilled in the art can understand content of the present invention and implements according to this; Can not only limit claim of the present invention with present embodiment; Be all equal variation or modifications of doing according to disclosed spirit, still drop in the claim of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups; Comprise a plurality of cell of fuel cell; Each said cell of fuel cell comprises bipolar plates and the membrane electrode assembly between said bipolar plates; Said membrane electrode assembly comprises PEM and the catalyst layer that is positioned at these PEM both sides, it is characterized in that:
Said PEM both sides all are arranged with separate catalyst layer;
Position corresponding to each said catalyst layer is provided with an air-permeable layer;
Said bipolar plates comprises non-electrochemical conversion zone and a plurality of electrochemical reaction zone; Said electrochemical reaction zone is corresponding with the position of said catalyst layer; Splicing is connected with the non-electrochemical conversion zone in said electrochemical reaction zone, and the material of said non-electrochemical conversion zone is a non-conducting material;
The position of the catalyst layer of each said cell of fuel cell is identical; PEM, catalyst layer, air-permeable layer and the bipolar plates of same catalyst layer position becomes a fuel cell subelement; The fuel cell subelement at a plurality of said cell of fuel cell same positions place is connected in series and constitutes fuel cell subelement group, parallel connection after each said fuel cell subelement group is connected with a diode.
2. the fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The both sides lateral symmetry of said PEM is provided with the catalyst layer of a plurality of mutual separations.
3. the fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
The both sides of said PEM vertically are arranged with the catalyst layer of a plurality of mutual separations.
4. the fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
The filler that gap between the said catalyst layer in the same said cell of fuel cell and the gap location between the air-permeable layer are provided with insulation.
5. the fuel cell that comprises a plurality of independent cell subunit groups according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Said filler and said non-electrochemical conversion zone are structure as a whole.
CN2010101546109A 2010-03-30 2010-03-30 Fuel cell containing multiple independent cell subunit groups Active CN101807708B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101826628B (en) * 2010-03-30 2012-09-26 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 Fuel cell with a plurality of independent reaction areas
CN101826621A (en) * 2010-03-30 2010-09-08 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 Bipolar plate for fuel cells
JP6119516B2 (en) * 2013-09-02 2017-04-26 ソニー株式会社 Battery pack and electric vehicle
CN113782776B (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-04-25 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) Parallel fuel cell stack flow channel structure with gas collection cavity

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JP3674840B2 (en) * 2000-11-28 2005-07-27 日産自動車株式会社 Fuel cell stack and method for manufacturing the same
CN1226799C (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-11-09 清华大学 Solid polymer fuel cell unit and its stack

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Owner name: SHANGHAI EVERPOWER POWER TECHNOLOGY (CANADA) CO.,

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