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CN101796044A - 制备原花色素提取物的方法 - Google Patents

制备原花色素提取物的方法 Download PDF

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CN101796044A
CN101796044A CN200880024498A CN200880024498A CN101796044A CN 101796044 A CN101796044 A CN 101796044A CN 200880024498 A CN200880024498 A CN 200880024498A CN 200880024498 A CN200880024498 A CN 200880024498A CN 101796044 A CN101796044 A CN 101796044A
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H·L·曼休斯
L·罗斯
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Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc
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Abstract

制备原花色素提取物的方法。该方法包括：(a)提供一定量的含有原花色素的液体原料；(b)将所述含有原花色素的液体原料送到超滤进料罐中；(c)在所述超滤进料罐中将所述物料通过超滤膜系统过滤从而将所述物料分级分离成减少了原花色素的渗透物流和富集了原花色素的渗余物流；(d)收集所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流；和(e)将所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流送到所述超滤进料罐中直到所述量的含有原花色素的液体原料耗尽，然后收集富集了原花色素的渗余物流。

Description

制备原花色素提取物的方法
背景
某些水果，尤其是酸果蔓果实(cranberry)，含有被称为原花色素(也称为缩合鞣质或原花青素)的一类化合物，这类化合物能提供独特的健康益处。于是，原花色素化合物{PACs}的选择性获取和干重量浓缩可以在与发挥那些独特益处有关的产品应用{例如零售饮料、锭剂等}领域中开拓新的机会。
概述
描述了一种方法，该方法采用超滤(UF)膜系统将含有PAC的液体原料{例如，酸果蔓汁}分级分离成减少了PAC的渗透物流和富集了PAC的渗余物流。实际上，当适当地选择了膜系统的额定分子量截留值时，存在的大部分高分子量PACs(和/或较高分子量的PACs聚集体)被选择性留在渗余物中，而剩余一系列的组成性低分子量可溶性固体{例如，糖、酸、花色素苷等}作为渗透物优先透过所述膜。于是，已经发现了一种简单的机理，用于按照干重基准选择性地浓缩液流中的PACs。实际上，采用这种方法可以产生提取物，直到实际上任何预置的、指定的PAC干重含量{例如，在5％、10％、15％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％和98％}。此外，基于分子量的、PACs的选择性分级分离使低分子量级分作为渗透物通过所述膜，而高分子量级分作为渗余物留下，该分级分离也可能产生单位重量PACs的生物活性提高了的提取物。另外，这里描述的方法也可以用来提供可能非常适合于零售饮料配制物{例如，低热量等渗饮料}的澄清的PAC提取物，因为实质脱除了苦味的低分子量的非PAC的酚类化合物，进入减少了PAC的渗透物流。
富集了PAC的水果或蔬菜提取物可以用于各种目的。例如，因为PACs被认为能提供保健益处，可以将具有高干重浓度的PACs的提取物与水、果汁或其它饮料混合以提供一种保健益处得到增强的饮料。可以将具有高干重浓度的PACs的提取物干燥并与其它成分结合以提供能用作膳食增补剂的丸剂或胶囊。富集了PAC的水果或蔬菜提取物也可以用于增强各种食物的保健益处。例如，可以将这种提取物用于干燥的水果，比如干燥的酸果蔓果实，从而产生一种保健益处得以增强的干燥水果。
于是，这里描述了一种方法，该方法包括：(a)提供一定量的含有原花色素的液体原料；(b)将所述含有原花色素的液体原料送到超滤进料罐中；(c)在所述超滤进料罐中将所述物料通过超滤膜系统过滤从而将所述物料分级分离成减少了原花色素的渗透物流和富集了原花色素的渗余物流；(d)收集所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流；和(e)将所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流送到所述超滤进料罐中直到所述量的含有原花色素的液体原料耗尽，然后收集富集了原花色素的渗余物流。
在各种实施方案中：所述含有原花色素的液体原料是果汁或果汁级分；所述果汁或果汁级分基本上不含不溶的果实固体；所述果汁或果汁级分是酸果蔓汁或酸果蔓汁级分；所述方法进一步包括浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流以产生减少了原花色素的渗透物；采用反渗透来浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流；采用蒸发来浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流；采用反渗透和蒸发来浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流；所述方法进一步包括浓缩所述收集到的富集了原花色素的渗余物流以产生浓缩了的、富集了原花色素的渗余物；采用反渗透来浓缩所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流；采用蒸发来浓缩所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流；采用反渗透和蒸发来浓缩所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流；干燥所述浓缩了的、富集了原花色素的渗余物以产生含有原花色素的粉末；所述方法进一步包括处理至少一部分所述减少了原花色素的渗透物以产生相对富集了花色素苷和/或酚且相对减少了糖和酸的第一级分，以及相对富集了糖和酸且相对减少了花色素苷和/或酚的第二级分；所述进一步处理包括使至少一部分所述减少了原花色素的渗透物通过树脂柱；以及所述进一步处理包括使至少一部分所述减少了原花色素的渗透物通过膜。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节描述于附图和下面的说明。根据说明书及附图，根据权利要求书，可以清楚地理解本发明的其它特征、目的和优点。
附图说明
附图是图示本发明的一个实施方案的流程图。
详述
参照附图，显示了用于制备富集了PAC的水果或蔬菜提取物的UF膜系统改进的分批过程的一个实施方案的流程图。过程从澄清的{＜5NTU}含PAC的液体原料{例如，2白利糖度酸果蔓汁}开始。在附图的该实施方案中，将澄清的含PAC的液体原料20从澄清的含PAC液体原料供应10送入到UF进料罐30中。之后，将UF进料罐中的澄清的含PAC液体原料泵送到UF膜系统40{采用#3838K328-NYT型号Koch膜系统，截留值为5000mol.wt.的螺旋形缠绕UF膜}，其中减少了PAC的渗透物流50输送到减少了PAC的渗透物缓冲罐(60)，而富集了PAC的渗余物流70再循环回所述UF进料罐。然后，将所述减少了PAC的渗透物泵送到反渗透(RO)系统80{采用#TFC3838HRN1型号的Koch膜系统，螺旋形缠绕RO膜}进行半浓缩{例如，至18白利糖度}，到蒸发器90中进行最终浓缩{例如，至50白利糖度}，最后送到减少了PAC的浓缩物贮罐100中。澄清的含PAC液体原料的连续处理导致UF进料罐和UF膜系统的液体内含物中PACs连续不断积累{聚集的富集了PAC的渗余物流}。
当澄清的含PAC液体原料供应耗尽时，可以用水110渗滤聚集的富集了PAC的渗余物流，从而通过系统地脱除作为渗透物的残留的低分子量可溶性固体{例如，糖、酸等}进一步提高液体提取物的PAC干重含量。将聚集的富集了PAC的液体渗余物120{PAC干重含量至少为5％、10％、15％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％或90％}收集在富集了PAC的渗余物收集罐130中，按顺序泵入浓缩器140，然后至干燥器150。最后，将构成富集了PAC的提取物粉末的所得产物转到富集了PAC的散装粉末贮藏容器160。
用于本发明的方法的超滤器的分子量截留值为约2000-10,000道尔顿，约3,000道尔顿，约4000道尔顿，约5000道尔顿，约6000道尔顿，约7000道尔顿，约8000道尔顿，或约9000道尔顿，根据丙二醇。
在一些情况下，可能希望处理所述富集了PAC的渗余物收集罐中的物料以分离未溶解的固体。这些未溶解的固体可以包括高分子量的PACs和/或低分子量PACs的聚集物。可以通过离心作用，使用例如沉降式离心机或碟式离心机，将这些未溶解的固体与有固体悬浮于其中的液体分离开。
在一些情况下，可能希望通过采用树脂技术(例如，采用Amberlite
Figure GPA00001105824900031
XAD7HP或Amberlite
Figure GPA00001105824900032
TM FPX66树脂)来进一步处理所述减少了PAC的渗透物以选择性地脱除和回收花色素苷和/或酚类化合物，作为另一种植物化学上独特的提取物级分。在一些情况下，可能希望通过采用树脂技术来进一步处理所述减少了PAC的渗透物以选择性地脱除和回收花色素苷和/或酚类化合物，作为另一种植物化学上独特的提取物级分。可以将这种级分与PAC含量较高的级分(例如所述富集了PACs的渗余物)结合以获得一种物质，该物质的PACs、花色素苷和/或酚类化合物含量较高且糖和酸含量较低。
上文是对本发明方法的一个实施方案的描述。本领域技术人员有能力改进所述方法。例如，所述系统可以按照批量、改进的批量或者补料和放料模式(feedand bleed mode)在可变的温度、压力和流动条件下操作。此外，所述体系可以含有配置不同于螺旋缠绕的(例如，管状或中空纤维)、不同聚合物组成(如，PTFE、PVDF等)的膜，或者具有变化的组成(例如，陶瓷、碳、或不锈钢等)和支持介质的无机膜结构。另外，可以采用除了超滤膜之外的膜，例如反渗透膜或纳米过滤膜，或者可以按照前文所述的任何方式使用荷电膜或电荷特异性的膜。此外，可以采用受控气氛(如N2或CO2)技术使氧化性反应的有害影响最小化。还可以采用不同的渗滤介质(例如，酸化水)来稳定和/或调整最终提取物的颜色。
如下所述，通过酸果蔓的逆流提取产生的果汁可以用于本发明的方法。可以如美国专利Nos.5,320,861和US5,419,251中所述制备逆流提取的果汁，所述美国专利以参照的方式并入本文。简言之，将冷冻的整个未经处理的酸果蔓果实提供给清洗台以除去诸如细枝、叶等之类的碎屑，然后传送至挑选台以挑选具有选定尺寸的果实。然后，将选定尺寸的水果传送至切片台，将果实切片以暴露果实的没有被果皮保护的内部果肉。优选地切割整个酸果蔓果实以提供宽度在6至8毫米之间的切片。然后用热水(例如，在大约130°F下)将清洗过的、选定尺寸的切成片的冷冻酸果蔓果实解冻到低于75°F(例如，65°F)的温度，将固体物传送至提取器台，该提取器台采用美国专利No.5,320,861中详细描述的逆流提取器。加入到所述提取器的液体进料一般源自水果产出的水供应。所述提取器台的液体出料是水果产出水与果汁的高品质提取混合物，对其进行收集供进一步处理和用于本发明的方法。此外，提取过的水果可以用作水果原料以制备可以用于本发明方法的额外的果汁。
已经描述了本发明的一些实施方案。然而，能够理解的是，可以在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下作出各种改变。

Claims (16)

1.方法，包括：
(a)提供一定量的含有原花色素的液体原料；
(b)将所述含有原花色素的液体原料送到超滤进料罐中；
(c)在所述超滤进料罐中将所述物料通过超滤膜系统过滤从而将所述物料分级分离成减少了原花色素的渗透物流和富集了原花色素的渗余物流；
(d)收集所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流；和
(e)将所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流送到所述超滤进料罐中直到所述量的含有原花色素的液体原料耗尽，然后收集富集了原花色素的渗余物流。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述含有原花色素的液体原料是果汁或果汁级分。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中所述果汁或果汁级分基本上不含不溶的果实固体。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中所述果汁或果汁级分是酸果蔓汁或酸果蔓汁级分。
5.权利要求1的方法，进一步包括浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流以产生浓缩了的、减少了原花色素的渗透物。
6.权利要求5的方法，其中通过反渗透来浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流。
7.权利要求5的方法，其中通过蒸发来浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流。
8.权利要求5的方法，其中通过反渗透和蒸发来浓缩所述减少了原花色素的渗透物流。
9.权利要求1的方法，进一步包括浓缩所述收集到的富集了原花色素的渗余物流以产生浓缩了的、富集了原花色素的渗余物。
10.权利要求9的方法，其中通过反渗透来浓缩所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流。
11.权利要求9的方法，其中通过蒸发来浓缩所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流。
12.权利要求9的方法，其中通过反渗透和蒸发来浓缩所述富集了原花色素的渗余物流。
13.权利要求9的方法，其中干燥所述浓缩了的、富集了原花色素的渗余物以产生含有原花色素的粉末。
14.权利要求1的方法，进一步包括处理至少一部分所述减少了原花色素的渗透物以产生相对富集了花色素苷和/或酚且相对减少了糖和酸的第一级分，以及相对富集了糖和酸且相对减少了花色素苷和/或酚的第二级分。
15.权利要求14的方法，其中所述进一步处理包括使至少一部分所述减少了原花色素的渗透物通过树脂柱。
16.权利要求14的方法，其中所述进一步处理包括使至少一部分所述减少了原花色素的渗透物通过膜。
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