CN101795621B - 用于测量分析物或其他参数的导管和探针 - Google Patents
用于测量分析物或其他参数的导管和探针 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101795621B CN101795621B CN2008801058869A CN200880105886A CN101795621B CN 101795621 B CN101795621 B CN 101795621B CN 2008801058869 A CN2008801058869 A CN 2008801058869A CN 200880105886 A CN200880105886 A CN 200880105886A CN 101795621 B CN101795621 B CN 101795621B
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Abstract
一种医疗传感系统,其包括具有液体输液腔的接受管和传感探针,所述探针能够通过接受管内的第二腔并且延伸进入脉管系统以读出血液参数。所述传感探针在其末端上有传感器,并具有一定形状,所述形状允许其从所述接受管延伸,以便所述传感器侧向于所述接受管放置,并在输液流之外。如果所述传感探针通过在导管末端尖部开口的腔,则探针末端弯曲或者另外侧向偏转,以便传感器侧向于输液流动路径放置。可选地,探针可以退出输液侧端口的接受管上游的侧端口。可偏转的探针对于通过任何数量的传统的、成品导管读出血液中葡萄糖特别有用。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2007年8月8日提交的美国临时专利申请号60/954742的优先权,其文也因此通过引用并入此文。
技术领域
本发明涉及包括了探针的医疗探针或导管系统,用于测量分析物如葡萄糖或其他参数。
发明背景
在医院设施中,总是有这样的需要:通过评估血液化学概况监测患者的健康。测量如血气、氢离子、其他电解质、葡萄糖、红细胞等血液成分的存在和/或浓度常常是必要的或期望的。这可以利用导管和探针在体外血液循环或连续地和实时地在进行手术或重病监护(intensive care)的患者体内完成。所述探针包括一个或多个传感器,该传感器对所关注的成分或组成参数进行响应以提供与该成分相关的信号。一种这样的系统示于Maxwell美国专利No.4,830,013中,其中在一个实施方式中,传感器被安置在导管的腔内并邻近该导管的末端开口。在Nestor等人的美国专利No.4,900,933示出的血气测定系统中,提供了双-腔导管,其一个腔被用于流体输注,而另一个腔被用于探针。在Nestor等人的构造中,探针和探针的传感器位于腔末端远侧的腔的外面。
尽管有许多现有系统,仍然需要更可靠和精确的血液参数传感系统。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供了用于读出血液参数的医疗系统。例如,系统能够被用于测量分析物,如葡萄糖,或血液的物理性质,如氧合。期望地,系统包括接入管(access tube)如导管和可从导管伸出的传感探针(sensing probe)。接入管包括至少一个腔,用于引入输液(infusate)到脉管系统中。本发明的传感探针可以从接入管内的端口——其是输液端口的上游——突出,或者可以放置通过末端腔,但配置为呈现一定的形状,以便其上的传感器存在于输液流体路径之外。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了具有脉管接入管的医疗传感系统,该管包括配置为插入脉管系统的末端部分,位于所述脉管接入管内部的腔,位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分的输液端口,所述脉管接入管被配置为在使用期间将输入所述腔的输液放出进入所述脉管系统,和位于所述脉管接入管内的传感探针,所述传感探针包含位于所述传感探针末端部分之上的传感器,其中所述传感探针的所述末端部分的尺寸设为通过位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分的接入端口。所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分和所述传感探针的至少之一被配置为充分地消除在使用期间所述传感器和从所述脉管接入管的所述输液端口放出的输液之间的连通。在一个实施方式中,所述传感探针的所述末端部分被配置为从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸,以便在使用期间将传感器定位在由所述输液端口放出的输液流外的位置。
在一个实施方式中,所述输液端口和所述接入端口是所述脉管接入管中的相同端口。在另一实施方式中,所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述输液端口的位置比所述接入端口更接近于所述脉管接入管的所述末端。在仍有另一实施方式中,所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述接入端口的位置比所述输液端口更接近于所述脉管接入管的所述末端。
在一个实施方式中,配置用于从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口伸出的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含一个弯曲,所述弯曲被配置为在使用期间将传感器定位在来自所述输液端口的输液流外的位置。作为一个实例,所述传感探针的所述末端部分内的所述弯曲在所述传感探针的所述末端部分内产生一个卷曲,其中所述卷曲被配置为将所述传感器定位在所述接入端口的上游位置并且沿着所述脉管接入管的侧面。作为另一实例,配置用于从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含第一弯曲和第二弯曲,所述第一弯曲和第二弯曲被配置为将传感器相对于所述输液端口定位在脉管系统内的期望位置。作为仍有另一实例,配置为从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含与所述传感探针的末端隔开的弯曲部分,其中所述弯曲部分被配置为在使用期间将传感器定位在所述输液端口上游的位置。
一方面,本发明提供了使用医疗传感设备读出血液参数的方法。在一个实施方式中,该方法包括提供脉管接入管,所述脉管接入管包括流体输液腔和相连的其侧壁中的流体输液端口,所述接入管进一步包括通向接入管内的第二端口的第二腔;提供在其末端上具有传感器的传感探针,所述传感探针的大小适合通过所述第二腔,并在其末端具有这样的形状,所述形状允许所述末端从第二端口延伸,以便所述传感器侧向于接入管放置;将所述脉管接入管引入患者的脉管系统;使所述传感探针通过接入管的第二腔直至末端从第二端口延伸;以及当通过流体输液腔和流体输液端口将流体输入脉管系统时,使用传感器读出血液参数。
对本发明的本质和应用进一步的理解在以下描述和权利要求书中阐明,特别是当考虑到与其中类似部分具有类似参考数值的附图相结合时。
附图简述
参考说明书、权利要求书和附图,因为它们更好被理解,所以本发明的特征将变得可以理解,其中:
图1是具有从导管末端线性延伸的传感探针的血管内传感系统的正视图,并且图解了从导管近侧输入流体;
图2是本发明的一个实施方式的、具有从导管末端以非线性路径伸出的传感探针的血管内的传感系统的正视图,并图解了从导管近侧输入流体;
图3是本发明的一个实施方式的、具有从导管末端以非线性路径伸出的可选传感探针的传感系统的正视图,并图解了从导管近侧输入流体;
图4是本发明的一个实施方式的、具有从导管侧端口伸出的传感探针的传感系统的正视图,并图解了从导管的另一侧端口远侧输入流体;和
图5是本发明的一个实施方式的、具有从导管侧端口伸出的可选传感探针的传感系统的正视图,并图解了从导管的另一侧端口远侧输入流体。
优选实施方式详述
本发明提供了包括可通过接入管或导管递送的传感探针的医疗传感系统。传感探针在其末端上具有能够测量血液中葡萄糖或其它分析物的传感器。传感器也可以是测量血液氧合的类型,例如对SvO2或ScvO2的监测。在宽泛的意义上,传感探针是细长的、柔韧的、相对较薄的医疗设备,其能够通过接入管的腔,如导管腔,并且具有安装在其末端上的传感器。
本文使用的术语分析物是个宽泛的术语,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,其给出其普通的和惯用的意义(并不限于特殊的或特定的意义),并且无限制地指能够被分析的生物流体内的物质或化学成分(例如,血液、组织液、脑脊液、淋巴液或尿液)。分析物可以包括自然生成的物质、人造物质、代谢物和/或反应产物。在一个期望的实施方式中,用于被传感设备和方法测量的分析物是葡萄糖。但是,也考虑其它分析物,包括但不限于:阿卡波糖凝血酶原(acarboxyprothrombin)、酰基肉碱、腺嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶、腺苷脱氨酶、清蛋白、甲胎蛋白、氨基酸剖析图(amino acid profiles)(精氨酸(三羧酸循环)、组氨酸/咪唑丙烯酸、高半胱氨酸、苯基丙氨酸/酪氨酸、色氨酸)、雄甾烯二酮(andrenostenedione)、安替比林(antipyrine)、阿拉伯糖醇(arabinitol)对映异构体、精氨酸酶、苯甲酰芽子碱(柯卡因)、生物素酰胺酶、生物蝶呤、c-反应蛋白、肉碱、肌肽酶、CD4、血浆铜蓝蛋白(cemloplasmin)、鹅脱氧胆酸、氯喹、胆固醇、胆碱酯酶、共轭l-β羟基胆酸、皮质醇、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶MM同工酶、环孢霉素A、d-青霉胺、去乙基氯喹(deethylchloroquine)、脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐、DNA(乙酰化多态性(acetylatorpolymorphism)、醇脱氢酶、α1-抗胰蛋白酶、囊性纤维化、杜兴/贝克尔肌营养不良(Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸盐脱氢酶、血红蛋白A、血红蛋白S、血红蛋白C、血红蛋白D、血红蛋白E、血红蛋白F、D-旁遮普血红蛋白(D-Punjab)、β-地中海贫血、肝炎B病毒、HCMV、HIV-I、HTLV-1、Leber遗传性视觉神经病(Leberhereditary optic neurophthy)、MCAD、RNA、PKU、间日疟原虫、性分化、21-脱氧皮质醇)、去丁基卤泛群(desbutylhalofantrine)、二氢蝶啶还原酶、白喉/破伤风抗毒素、红细胞精氨酸酶、红细胞原卟啉、酯酶D、脂肪酸/酰基甘氨酸(acylglycines)、游离β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素、游离红细胞卟啉、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三-碘化甲腺氨酸(FT3)、延胡索酰乙酰乙酸酶(fumarylacetoacetase)、半乳糖/半乳糖-1-磷酸、1-磷酸半乳糖尿苷酰转移酶、庆大霉素、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、甘氨胆酸、糖基化血红蛋白、卤泛群(halofantrine)、血红蛋白变体、氨基己糖苷酶A、人红细胞碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase)I、17-α-羟孕酮、次黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶、免疫反应性胰蛋白酶、乳酸盐、铅、脂蛋白质((a),B/A-l,β)、溶菌酶、甲氟喹(mefloquine)、奈替霉素(netilmicin)、苯巴比妥(phenobarbitone)、苯妥英(phenytoin)、植烷酸/降值烷酸、孕酮、促乳素、氨酰基脯氨酸二肽酶、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶、奎宁、反三碘化甲腺氨酸(rT3)、硒、血清胰脂肪酶、西索米星(sissomicin)、生长调节素C、特异性抗体(腺病毒、抗核抗体、抗-Z(zeta)抗体、虫媒病毒、假狂犬病病毒(Aujeszky’s deseasevirus)、登革热病毒、麦地那龙线虫、细粒棘球绦虫、溶组织内阿米巴、肠道病毒、十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia duodenalisa)、幽门螺杆菌属(Helicobacter pylori)、乙型肝炎B病毒、疱疹病毒、HIV-I、IgE(异位性疾病)、流感病毒、杜氏利什曼原虫、钩端螺旋体属、麻疹/腮腺炎/风疹、麻风分枝杆菌、支原体肺炎、肌红蛋白、旋盘尾丝虫(onchocercavolvulus)、副流感病毒、镰状疟原虫、脊髓灰质炎病毒、铜绿假单胞菌、呼吸道合胞体病毒、立克次体(丛林斑疹伤寒)、曼氏裂体吸虫、鼠弓形体、梅毒密螺旋体(Trepenoma palladium)、克氏锥虫(Trypanosoma cruzi)/让氏锥虫(Trypanosoma rangeli)、疱疹性口炎病毒、斑氏线虫、黄热病病毒)、特异性抗原(乙型肝炎B病毒、HIV-I)、琥珀酰丙酮(succinylacetone)、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶(sulfadoxine)、茶碱、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺素(T4)、甲状腺素-结合球蛋白、微量元素、运铁蛋白、UDP-半乳糖-4-差向异构酶、脲、尿卟啉原I合成酶、维生素A、白细胞和锌原卟啉。自然存在于血液或组织液中的盐、糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和激素也能够构成某些实施方式中的分析物。分析物能够自然地存在于生物流体中,例如,代谢产物、激素、抗原、抗体等。可选地,分析物能够被引入体内,例如,用于成像的对比(造影)剂、放射性同位素、化学试剂、碳氟-基合成血液或药材或药物组合物,包括但不限于:胰岛素、乙醇、大麻属(大麻,四氢大麻酚,哈希什(hashish))、吸入剂(一氧化二氮,亚硝酸戊酯,亚硝酸丁酯,含氯烃,烃)、柯卡因(快克柯卡因(crack cocaine))、兴奋剂(苯丙胺(amphetamine),脱氧麻黄碱,利他林(Ritalin),匹莫林(Cylert),苯甲恶啉(Preludin),盐酸苄非他明(Didrex),PreState,盐酸邻氯苯丁胺(Voranil),Sandrex,苯双甲吗啉(Plegine))、镇静剂(巴比妥酸盐(barbituates),甲喹酮,安定剂如安定,利眠宁(Librium),眠尔通(Miltown),舒宁(Serax),氨甲丙二酯制剂(Equanil),氯酸钾(Tranxene))、致幻剂(苯环己哌啶,麦角酸,仙人球毒碱(mescaline),墨西哥仙人球膏(peyote),赛洛西宾(psilocybin))、麻醉剂(海洛因,可待因,吗啡,鸦片,哌替啶(度冷丁,meperidine),盐酸羟考酮和对乙酰氨基酚片剂(Percocet),复方羟可酮(Percodan),氢可酮镇咳药(Tussionex),芬太尼(fentanyl),盐酸丙氧芬制剂(darvon),镇痛新(talwin),止泻宁(lomotil))、策划药(designer drug)(芬太尼、哌替啶、苯丙胺、脱氧麻黄碱和苯环己哌啶的类似物,例如,迷幻药)、促蛋白合成类固醇和烟碱。药材和药物组合物的代谢产物也被考虑为分析物。在体内产生的分析物如神经化学物质和其它化学品也可以被分析如,例如,抗坏血酸,尿酸,多巴胺,去甲肾上腺素,3-甲氧酪胺(methoxytyramine)(3MT),3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC),高香草酸(HVA),5-羟色胺(5HT),组胺,渐进性糖化终极产物(AGEs)和5-羟基吲哚乙酸(FHIAA)。
本文所用的术语传感器和传感系统是广义的术语,向本领域的普通技术人员给出了其普通的和惯用的意义(并且不限于特殊的或特定的意义),并无限制地指通过其可以量化分析物的元件或设备区域。
优选的实施方式涉及分析物传感器的使用,该分析物传感器测量所关注的分析物的浓度或指示分析物的浓度或存在的物质。分析物传感器能够使用任何分析物-传感(读出)方法,包括酶的、化学的、物理的、电化学的、分光光度测量的、偏振测量的、测热的、辐射测量的方法等。除了分析物,本发明的传感器可以用于测量血液氧合或所关注的其他参数。例如,光学探针可以用于连续的SvO2或ScvO2监测。
本发明的传感器可以使用任何方法以提供指示分析物浓度或所关注的其他参数的输出信号。输出信号通常是原始信号,其用于将有用的所关注的参数数值提供给使用者,如能够使用该设备的患者或医师。相应地,合适的平滑(smoothing)、校准和评估方法能够作为整体应用到原始信号和/或系统以给使用者提供相关的和可接受的评估分析物数据。
在一个具体的实施方式中,优选实施方式的方法和设备能够被使用在连续的葡萄糖传感器中,所述葡萄糖传感器测量葡萄糖的浓度或指示葡萄糖的存在和浓度的物质的浓度。葡萄糖传感器能够使用任何葡萄糖-测量方法,包括测热的、酶的、化学的、物理的、电化学的、分光光度计测量的、偏振测量的、测热的、辐射测量的方法等。在可选择的实施方式中,传感器可以是能够测定体内分析物——例如氧、乳糖酶、激素、胆固醇、药物、病毒等——水平的任何传感器。
葡萄糖传感器使用任何方法以提供指示葡萄糖浓度的输出信号。例如,输出信号通常是原始数据流,其用于将指示测量的葡萄糖浓度的数值提供给患者或医师。
中央静脉(CV)导管主要用于进入静脉脉管系统进行输液、血液取样和中央静脉压力监测。中央静脉导管是相对长的管状设备,其具有位于中心循环内——通常在上腔静脉内的逐渐变细的末端尖部。有各种类型的CV导管,通常为短期使用。常常插入单-腔或双-腔导管以间歇或连续输入流体药物。已经研发了多腔导管,其允许两种或更多种液体同时通过单个静脉入口位点引入静脉。中央静脉压力导管是普通类型的多腔导管,其允许同时引入和吸出流体,以及能监测血压和其他生命参数。
Swan-Ganz导管能够提供连续的心输出量(CCO)、连续的SvO2监测和连续的舒张期体积监测,加上所有传统的肺动脉导管的功能。CCO能够使用热稀释技术来测量,其包括在一个循环点感应已知的血管内流动血液的焓(heat content)的变化和在下游点(point downstream)探测得到的温度变化。特别地,使用Swan-Ganz导管,具有低于血液的温度的已知量的溶液被快速注入导管的近侧(上游)注射液腔。该单次快速注射(弹丸,bolus)的溶液与周围血液混合并且通过埋入导管末端内的球状热敏电阻测量在肺动脉下游的温度。然后得到的温度变化被绘成时间-温度曲线图。
除了各种导管,外围的线可以用于感测血流的性质。外围的线是指这样的管,其更像插入脉管系统的导管一样起作用,并且是柔韧的,具有一个或多个腔,但其被留在比传统导管更远的位置。例如,在手术室或ICU,静脉内线通常安装在患者的胳膊内,并在手术期间保持在合适的位置,而有时要在手术后长时间保持。这些外围线中的一些适于通过穿过其中的其他医疗设备,如传感探针。
前述导管和感测方法被用于阐明各种系统,其中本发明的传感探针可以依照一个或多个本发明的实施方式被并入。即,本发明的一些实施方式的探针能够被用在CV导管、外围线、Swan-Ganz导管或各种其他有腔的导管中。通过每个这样的设备,细长传感探针能够被插入以进入脉管系统,所述脉管系统拥有至少一个具有一个或多个腔的细长管。
用直的探针通过传统的脉管接入管进行测量有几个问题。例如,纯血液的测量常常被存在的输液阻碍或稀释。图1图解了传感系统20,其包括具有传感探针24的细长脉管接入管22,所述传感探针24线性可滑动地穿过其中的中心腔。包括传感器26的传感探针24的末端可以从管22的锥形末端尖部28向远端延伸。脉管接入管22可以是,例如,具有柔软的锥形末端尖部28的传统的CV导管。在图解的系统20中,探针24延伸通过管22的中心腔,如导线腔,并直接从末端尖部28伸出。常常,侧端口30开在管22的壁上,在靠近于末端尖部28的位置。例如,传统CV导管具有至少一个有时是两个这样的侧端口。流体输液如药物通过侧端口30被均匀地分配,如流动箭头F所指明的。结果,输液溅泼到探针24上的传感器26。系统20的配置——尽管在一些例子中是可靠的,但在输液的存在下可能产生不准确的血液参数读数。
图2图解了本发明的传感系统40的一个实施方式,其指出了与图1中示出的相似的传感系统的缺点。系统40也包括细长脉管接入管42,如导管,其具有中心腔以接入传感探针44。接入管42可以采用本领域普通技术人员已知的任何形状的形式。例如,接入管42可以具有圆形的、椭圆形的或方形的横截面。传感探针44包括在其末端的传感器46,其可以从接入管42的锥形尖部48向远侧伸出。亦如在图1中,接入管42包括侧端口50用于流体输液F的流出。应该理解,流体输液F可以经锥形尖部48流出。例如,虽然没有显示,接入管42可以配置有两个向锥形尖部48开口的腔。一个腔可以配置为接收传感探针44,而另一个腔可以配置为接收流体输液F。腔可以被并排安置或一个在另一个之内。也应该理解,流体输液F和传感探针44可以从同一侧端口退出。
代替了图1的直的传感探针24,本实施方式的系统40包括传感探针44,其在从接入管42的腔的束缚释放时,侧向偏斜或弯曲。例如,由于探针中大约180°的弯曲52,其上具有传感器46的探针44的末端片段被显示在近侧方向延伸。在图解的实施方式中,探针44从弯曲52前的锥形尖部48远侧伸出预先确定的距离,例如2.54cm(1英寸),并且然后以近侧方向延伸大约两倍那样的距离(5.08cm,2英寸),以便传感器46与接入管42侧向分开,并且优选地位于接近侧端口50的位置。传感器46侧向于接入管42放置,并且侧向于与直接环绕着管的轴向流动路径,期望地,接近侧端口50,以便传感器46不在输液流F中。即,传感器46保持在血流中,并且不受经过侧端口50的任何流体输入的影响。
图2的系统40的一方面是将探针44上的传感器46放置在输液流F之外。当然,除了如所图解的将传感器46侧向位移,有很多方式完成该方案。例如,代替探针44中的180°弯曲52,弯曲52可以只是90°以便传感器46向血管BV的壁突出。但是,90°的侧面弯曲造成了这样的风险:探针44的尖刺激血管或造成血管损伤,因此为了减轻这样的损伤,传感器46可以被放置在正好短于探针尖部的位置,该探针尖部由非常软的材料制成。在仍有进一步的选择中,弯曲52可以沿着探针44安放,其中传感器46近侧设置在任何侧端口50的上游。这种安排因而确保了输液不会污染血液处理。此外,延伸任何侧端口上游的近侧导向探针消除了对侧向位移的需要,因此传感器46甚至能够紧靠接入管42放置。
应该理解,有很多方式可以在探针44中产生弯曲52,包括被动的和主动的方法。形成弯曲52最简单的方式是至少部分地由弹性材料制造探针,该弹性材料弹性偏向地形成弯曲52。例如,在弯曲52的期望位置处的探针44的片段可以由镍钛合金形成,并具有由形成的弯曲所限定的松弛的结构(relaxed configuration)。因为某些形式的镍钛合金是超弹性的,探针44能够被伸直并通过导管腔而不需要塑性变形。可选地,探针44可以由一小段镍钛合金丝埋入在其中的聚合物材料浇铸。另一方面,探针44可以通过提供穿过其延伸、可在其末端拉伸的细工作(激励,actuation)金属丝(未显示)而灵活地偏转。通过在弯曲52的位置提供一段软点,探针44的末端尖部能够通过拉伸金属丝而侧向偏转。混合了被动和主动因素的另一技术是提供依据温度改变而改变形状的材料的弯曲片段。例如,某些形式的镍钛合金经历温度-导致的晶相改变,其可以被设计以在暴露于血流时形成弯曲52。
图2中描述的系统40显示了相对尖锐的弯曲52,其导致以传感器46为末端的稍微细长的探针44中的线性末端片段。具有可选探针的类似的系统60见图3。系统60还包括接入管62,其也具有传感探针64,所述传感探针64可线性滑动穿过接入管62的中心腔。传感探针64的末端包括传感器66,所述传感器66伸出接入管62的锥形尖部68。也如同以前的实施方式,近侧端口70释放输液F。在探针64离开锥形尖部68时,以点74为中心形成基本圆形的弯曲72。弯曲72在大约180-270°之间延伸以便探针64的末端和传感器66以近侧方向突出。此外,弯曲72的直径是这样的,以便传感器66侧向于管62的外部放置,并且因此在主要输液流F的外部。理想地,临床医师将探针64延伸一定距离A,所述距离A超过形成完全的弯曲72所必需的,从而当导管弯曲时为相对导管/探针的运动提供一些松弛的余地。
前面描述了探针尖部,其包括形成J形的大约180度的锐弯和在180-270度之间弯曲形成部分圆形或钩形的另一个锐弯。但是,线性的传感探针末端尖部的任何这种线性变形可被用于促进探针侧向偏转或离开接入管的侧端口。
在每个本文所述的实施例中,设在探针中偏转或弯曲是这样的以对周围血管造成最小的损伤。即,探针具有防损伤的尖部,所述尖部可防止其末端点直接指向血管壁。这有助于确保对血管的损伤最小,并且也依赖于其上传感器的类型和位置提高了检测的精确性。例如,传感器可以被提供在探针的最末端尖部,如果该尖部直接突入血管壁,那么它将被堵塞。
与探针-在-导管内传感系统有关的问题的另一解决方法是从导管的一个侧端口引出探针。但是,标准CV和其它导管,通常并没有很好地针对探针无困难地退出侧端口而进行设计。为克服这一问题,探针可被设计成在其末端一个小的曲率以使其退出侧端口而不被侧端口的边挂住。
例如,图4图解了传感系统80,其包括细长接入管82和其上具有末端传感器86的传感探针84。图解的接入管82——其可以是传统的CV导管——包括多个腔,其每一个都通向近侧端口88和末端侧端口90。在末端侧面口90可以被用于输入流体F时,探针84延伸通过与近侧端口88相连的腔并从其突出。为此,探针84形成邻近其末端的弯曲或偏转92,因此造成末端片段在侧端口88以近侧方向卷曲。探针84的近端可设有用于转动方向的标记(未显示),以确保弯曲92指向侧端口88。此外,探针84期望地具有最小扭矩强度以使它在必要时能被扭曲直到其末端尖部退出侧端口88。通过将探针84从近侧端口88突出,至少当接入管82以顺行方式前进时,其一直保留在相对于末端侧端口90和输液流F近侧的地方。当接入管82以顺行方式前进时,近侧端口88有时被称为第二侧端口,而末端端口90有时被称为输液侧端口。但是,当接入管82以逆行方式前进时,近侧端口88可以被称为输液侧端口,而末端端口90可被称为第二侧端口。但是,应该理解,如果接入管82以逆行的方式延伸进入脉管系统,优选的结构是将探针84突出末端端口90以使流体可以从近侧端口88注入而不干扰传感器86的测量。
图5图解了可选的传感系统100,其包括细长接入管102和其上具有末端传感器106的传感探针104。图解的接入管102——其可以是传统的CV导管——包括多个腔,未显示,其每一个都通向近侧端口108和末端侧端口110。当末端侧端口110可以被用于注入流体F时,探针104延伸通过与近侧端口88相联的腔并从其伸出。为此,探针104形成两个弯曲——位于接入管102内部的第一个弯曲112和第二个弯曲114——以形成邻近其末端的S形片段,因此使末端片段从侧端口108侧向延伸。探针104的近端可设有用于转动方向的标记(未显示),以保证弯曲112、114指向侧端口108。此外,探针104期望地具有最小扭矩强度以使它在必要时能被扭曲,直到其末端尖部退出侧端口108。通过将探针104从近侧端口108伸出,至少当接入管102以顺行方式前进时,其一直保留在相对于末端侧端口110和输液流F近侧的地方。但是,应该理解的是,如果接入管102以逆行的方式延伸进入脉管系统,优选的结构是将探针104伸出末端端口110以使流体可以从近侧端口108注入而不干扰传感器106的测量。
前述的S形弯曲112、114在探针104退出接入管102时导致相对线性的外观。这种安排对于从大血管中的导管如CV导管的侧端口排出,和可选地对于从较小血管中的导管如外围线的末端退出可能是特别适合的。此外,由弯曲112、114形成的特定曲线是可变的,并且可能甚至是三维的,如一种螺旋形。
上述在各种探针中的所述弯曲在将探针尖部插入到导管腔中时可能造成一些困难,并且当探针滑动通过导管腔中时可能提供阻力。这种问题可以通过并入象导丝插入装置的物品——即环绕探针的润滑套——来减轻。如果使用这种套,期望其是接缝的以便裂开或扯开成两部分或多部分以促进其从探针尖部分离和探针尖部出去。
此外,系统可设有Touhey-Borst配件或类似配件以使线性可移动的探针固定在特定的位置。这样,取决于其中使用的导管,探针可被插入不同的深度。同样,探针沿其长度可以具有标记以帮助插入到期望的深度。如果探针是高度柔韧的,可利用近侧插入设备以保护探针的外部。例如,可使用夹子,该夹子允许探针的未插入部分形成环状物并避免探针左右移动。
能并入到本发明的系统中的另一个选择是:如果期望,允许探针伸直。例如,探针可以拥有膨胀腔,所述膨胀腔允许临床医师注入其中压缩空气或液体以在注入过程期间将其伸直。
本发明的实施方式允许在多种轴管或导管中使用单个探针。具有可配置末端的成品探针可以与多种此类导管——如各种品牌的CV导管——结合使用。
虽然本发明以其优选的实施方式被描述,应该理解,所使用的词语是描述性词语,而非限制性词语。因此,在所附的权利要求内可进行改变而不偏离本发明的真实范围。
Claims (21)
1.一种医疗传感系统,所述系统包括:
脉管接入管,包括:
末端部分,其被配置用于插入脉管系统;
腔,其位于所述脉管接入管内部;
输液端口,其位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分,所述端口被配置,用于在使用期间将输入所述腔的输液放出进入所述脉管系统;和
传感探针,其位于所述脉管接入管内,所述传感探针包含位于所述传感探针末端部分之上的传感器,其中所述传感探针的所述末端部分的尺寸设为通过位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分处的接入端口,
其中所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分和所述传感探针的至少之一被配置为充分地消除在使用期间所述传感器和从所述脉管接入管的所述输液端口放出的输液之间的连通;
其中所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述输液端口的位置比所述接入端口更接近于所述脉管接入管的所述末端;
其中被配置为从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含弯曲,所述弯曲被配置为在使用期间将传感器定位在来自所述输液端口的输液流外部的位置;和
其中所述传感探针的所述末端部分内的所述弯曲在所述传感探针的所述末端部分内产生卷曲,其中所述卷曲被配置为将所述传感器定位在所述接入端口的上游位置并且沿着所述脉管接入管的侧面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述脉管接入管包含:
在其中延伸连接所述输液端口延伸的第一腔;和
在其中延伸连接所述接入端口的第二腔,用于接收所述传感探针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述输液端口位于所述脉管接入管的末端,并且在所述脉管接入管侧面上所述接入端口位于与所述脉管接入管上的所述输液端口隔开一定距离处。
4.医疗传感系统,所述系统包括:
脉管接入管,包括:
末端部分,其被配置用于插入脉管系统;
腔,其位于所述脉管接入管内部;
输液端口,其位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分,所述端口被配置,用于在使用期间将输入所述腔的输液放出进入所述脉管系统;和
传感探针,其位于所述脉管接入管内,所述传感探针包含位于所述传感探针末端部分之上的传感器,其中所述传感探针的所述末端部分的尺寸设为通过位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分处的接入端口,
其中所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述输液端口的位置比所述接入端口更接近于所述脉管接入管的所述末端;
其中所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分和所述传感探针的至少之一被配置为充分地消除在使用期间所述传感器和从所述脉管接入管的所述输液端口放出的输液之间的连通;和
其中被配置为从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含第一弯曲和第二弯曲,所述第一弯曲和第二弯曲被配置为将所述传感器相对于所述输液端口定位在所述脉管系统内的期望位置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中所述第一弯曲和第二弯曲在所述传感探针内形成S形片段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述传感探针拥有最小的扭矩强度,以便所述传感探针能够被扭曲直至其所述末端离开所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口。
7.医疗传感系统,所述系统包括:
脉管接入管,包括:
末端部分,其被配置用于插入脉管系统;
腔,其位于所述脉管接入管内部;
输液端口,其位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分,所述端口被配置,用于在使用期间将输入所述腔的输液放出进入所述脉管系统;和
传感探针,其位于所述脉管接入管内,所述传感探针包含位于所述传感探针末端部分之上的传感器,其中所述传感探针的所述末端部分的尺寸设为通过位于所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分处的接入端口,
其中所述脉管接入管的所述末端部分和所述传感探针的至少之一被配置为充分地消除在使用期间所述传感器和从所述脉管接入管的所述输液端口放出的输液之间的连通;和
其中所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述接入端口的位置比所述输液端口更接近于所述脉管接入管的所述末端。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述脉管接入管被配置,以便所述接入端口位于所述脉管接入管的末端,并且在所述脉管接入管侧面上所述输液端口位于在所述脉管接入管上的所述接入端口隔开一定距离处。
9.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中被配置为从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含与所述传感探针的末端隔开的弯曲部分,其中所述弯曲部分被配置为在使用期间将传感器定位在由所述输液端口流出的输液流外部的位置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述传感探针的所述末端部分内的所述弯曲在所述传感探针的所述末端部分内产生卷曲,其中所述卷曲被配置为在使用期间将所述传感器定位在由所述输液端口流出的输液流外部的位置。
11.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中被配置为从所述脉管接入管内的所述接入端口延伸的所述传感探针的所述末端部分包含与所述传感探针的末端间隔开的弯曲部分,其中所述弯曲部分被配置为在使用期间将所述传感器定位在所述输液端口上游的位置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中包含所述传感器的所述传感探针的所述末端部分被配置为在使用期间沿着所述脉管接入管侧面的长度侧向延伸。
13.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述传感探针的弯曲部分以大约180度的角度弯曲。
14.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述卷曲在180度和270度之间弯曲。
15.一种医疗传感设备,包括:
接入管,其具有输液端口和第二端口以及末端;
探针,其部分地放置在所述接入管内并且具有从所述接入管的第二端口突出的末端部分;和
传感器,其放置在所述探针的所述末端部分之上,
其中所述探针在从所述接入管内的所述第二端口突出后弯曲,以便在使用期间将所述传感器定位在由所述输液端口流出的输液流外部的位置;和
其中所述输液端口和所述第二端口在所述接入管内是相同的端口。
16.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述接入管被配置,以便所述输液端口的位置比所述第二端口更接近于所述接入管的所述末端。
17.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述接入管被配置,以便所述第二端口的位置比所述输液端口更接近于所述接入管的所述末端。
18.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述接入管被配置,以便所述第二端口位于所述接入管的所述末端,并且在所述接入管侧面上所述输液端口位于与所述接入管上的所述第二端口间隔开的一定距离处。
19.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中在所述探针弯曲的位置处,所述探针由弹性偏向的弹性材料构造。
20.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中在所述探针弯曲的位置处,所述探针由镍钛合金构造。
21.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中在所述探针弯曲的位置,所述探针由具有在其中埋入镍钛合金丝片段的聚合物材料构造。
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US95474207P | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | |
US60/954,742 | 2007-08-08 | ||
US12/187,943 | 2008-08-07 | ||
US12/187,943 US20090043184A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-08-07 | Catheter and probe for measuring analytes or other parameters |
PCT/US2008/072603 WO2009021172A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-08-08 | Catheter and probe for measuring analytes or other parameters |
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CN101795621B true CN101795621B (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
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EP (1) | EP2197341A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101795621B (zh) |
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EP3524282A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2019-08-14 | Potrero Medical, Inc. | Sensing foley catheter |
US20150112215A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Catheter systems and methods for determining blood flow rates with acoustic dilution |
WO2016109163A1 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-07 | Theranova, Llc | Methods and devices for analyte sensing in potential spaces |
US11660032B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2023-05-30 | SWSA Medical Ventures, LLC | Catheter assemblies, oxygen-sensing assemblies, and related methods |
US11395616B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2022-07-26 | WSA Medical Ventures, LLC | Catheter assemblies, oxygen-sensing assemblies, and related methods |
NL1043006B1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-05-29 | Idris Oncology Bv | Device for collecting specimen in a fluid |
US11717642B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2023-08-08 | Covidien Lp | Catheter including one or more sensors |
IL312785A (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2024-07-01 | Cybin Irl Ltd | Denatured Tryptamine Derivatives and Methods of Use |
US11744498B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2023-09-05 | Covidien Lp | Catheter system |
CN112642018B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-05-23 | 河南科技大学第一附属医院 | 一种与静脉留置针配合的血糖检测装置及其检测方法 |
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EP0283289A2 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-09-21 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Excitation and detection apparatus for remote sensor connected by optical fiber |
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US4830013A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1989-05-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Intravascular blood parameter measurement system |
US5676145A (en) * | 1995-08-21 | 1997-10-14 | University Of Maryland At Baltimore | Cerebral hemodynamic monitoring system |
US6383144B1 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2002-05-07 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Devices and methods for measuring temperature of a patient |
DE20116460U1 (de) * | 2001-10-08 | 2002-01-17 | Schregel, Werner, Prof. Dr.med., 47802 Krefeld | Einrichtung zum Einführen in Körperhohlorgane |
US6866638B2 (en) * | 2002-08-12 | 2005-03-15 | Radiant Medical, Inc. | Temperature sensing system with retrograde sensor |
CN101252878B (zh) * | 2005-01-04 | 2013-06-05 | 沙丘医疗设备有限公司 | 体内操作的内窥镜系统 |
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2008
- 2008-08-07 US US12/187,943 patent/US20090043184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-08 EP EP08797470A patent/EP2197341A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-08 CN CN2008801058869A patent/CN101795621B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-08 CA CA2695542A patent/CA2695542A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP0283289A2 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-09-21 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Excitation and detection apparatus for remote sensor connected by optical fiber |
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EP2197341A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
US20090043184A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
WO2009021172A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
CA2695542A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
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