CN101791942A

CN101791942A - Configuration, layout and control of hybrid electric drive system

Info

Publication number: CN101791942A
Application number: CN201010117186A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 栾继胜; 栾泓
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-03-04
Filing date: 2010-03-04
Publication date: 2010-08-04
Also published as: WO2011106944A1

Abstract

The invention discloses configuration, layout and control of a hybrid electric drive system, which is characterized in that the system comprises an engine, two electromotors, two generators, two battery packs and the like; exhaust turbine generators and wind driven generators of the vehicle can provide electric energy to the batteries and the electromotors at the right time; the two electromotors with different power can respectively drive front and rear wheels independently; the engine does not work independently but drives the vehicle together with the electromotors; a driver instructs a microcomputer to control the drive mode and engine gear selection of the vehicle without transmission, a foot operated clutch and a foot throttle, interrupted oil supply for cruise, motor type (generator or electromotor) conversion and the like via an instruction keyboard; and the instruction keyboard or a common key is mounted on a steering wheel. The invention has the effect of ensuring the vehicle to further save energy and reduce emission, be more economic and practicable, durable and safer and have better cost performance.

Description

A kind of configuration of hybrid electric drive system and layout and control

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of configuration and the selection of layout and control, especially engine type and the lifting of performance thereof of hybrid vehicle power system

Background technology

The fuel institute liberated heat that fuel automobile engine is supplied with has only 20-30% to change useful work into, and remaining heat will be discharged outside the driving engine with different approaches such as waste gas, cooling medias.With the spark ignition engine is example, 100% energy that gasoline combustion produces, remove outside engine accessory

power rating loss

2,2% (1,6%), idling/idling loss 17,2% (3,6%) and output useful work 18,2% (25,6%), 62,4% remaining (69,2%) then all is driving engine loss (data the when numeral in the bracket is road running).Wherein, exhaust heat accounts for 21-25%, and the heat that cooling media is taken away accounts for 30-40%, and unburnt egress of heat accounts for 6-13%, other thermal loss accounts for 7-16% ... its topmost drawback is, the waste gas that fuel engines is discharged is to pollution that environment caused;

Electronlmobil is the battery power driven vehicles, its advantage be arrangement convenience, control flexibly, stepless change, starting speed change be steady ... but, the advantage of electronlmobil " zero pollutes " only draws from automobile itself, if from the angle of macroscopic view, the manufacturing enterprise-power plant of its battery power (particularly thermal powerplant) and old and useless battery are not little to the pollution that environment caused; In addition, breakthrough progress also can't take place in its battery technology (as battery efficiency) at short notice, and it all can't compared with fuel-engined vehicle aspect acceleration or the flying power

Hybrid vehicle (HEV) is by combustion engine and two kinds of power operated automobiles of battery, can eliminate the idling work state of driving engine, and make driving engine be operated in high efficiency, low emission zone as far as possible, and having kept, and more recyclable braking energys by the long inherent characteristics of fuel-engined vehicle continual mileage ... so having more research and development than electronlmobil is worth.But, because present hybrid vehicle still exists the following deficiency:

1, the heat efficiency of driving engine is still not high (only is the idling operation of having eliminated driving engine ...) and various types of other storage battery again ubiquity defectives such as price height, life-span are short, charge discharge efficiency is lower;

2, the electric energy of its driving force motor is the power of consumption of engine and change, and energy is several times changed, and efficient is lower;

3, in order to realize to the optimal control of driving engine and electrical motor and bigger in order to strengthen the development cost that reclaims the required input of braking energy ... be that its cost performance is too low, and fail to realize the market outlook (promptly being in the state of " applaud and do not peddle ") that people predict, more fail to have given play to its due usefulness for energy-saving and emission-reduction and reply global warming.

Summary of the invention

At the present existing defective of hybrid vehicle, the present invention starts with from power configuration, layout and the control of automobile, by being bold in innovation---integration innovation and breakthrough innovation, comprehensive, systematicness improvement and change have been carried out in the design (and even it makes car theory, Design Thinking) of original vehicle, so that combined effect the best of the system of product.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

One, implements new power configuration and placement scheme

Power configuration of the present invention, layout as shown in Figure 1, structure technology characteristics that it is main and the technology that is comprised thereof are:

(1), adopt suitable engine type, and its performance is promoted

This subscheme comprises, adopts the six-stroke driving engine and it is implemented that micro computer directly has the air-cooled and cylinder injection of level fuzzy fuel oil master mode, high temperature, branch cylinder oil-break technology is integrated with it and several concrete technical measures such as in good time backward rotation:

1, selects six-stroke engine (the cylinder number of driving engine should be equal to or greater than six in principle) for use, and directly have level fuzzy fuel oil master mode and high temperature air-cooled its enforcement micro computer

1), the driving engine selected for use of present hybrid vehicle is piston four stroke engine, its main drawback is that the fresh air in the cylinder is difficult to abundance, waste gas is difficult to emptying.Its major cause one is that intake period is short---after the last working cycle, pressure, the temperature of exhaust gas inside cylinder are higher, fresh air must be waited until after the pressure of exhaust gas inside cylinder is brought down below intake pressure just can enter cylinder, thereby shortened intake period; The 2nd, intake pressure is little---and the rotating speed of driving engine is generally than higher, the cross section of inlet and outlet passage is very little again, the resistance of gas channel (mainly being the resistance of throttle gate) to air-flow, the gaseous tension that enters cylinder is descended, particularly when throttle gate is not opened as yet fully ... so, people just have to it has been adopted " the inlet and outlet door is opened and late release in advance " and has set up additive air valve, many valves, harmonic wave supercharging, turbo-charging ... remedied Deng measure, to obtain higher charge efficiency and lower coefficient of residual gas.But, exhaust valve is opened (the advance opening of exhaust valve γ as red flag CA770, Shanghai SH130 is respectively 89 °, 66 °) in advance, cause the gaseous tension in the cylinder, the reduction in advance of heat, can cause the effective power of driving engine to descend ... and set up measures such as additive air valve, many valves, harmonic wave supercharging, though the charge efficiency to the raising driving engine is helpful, increased the complexity of manufacturing cost and control system; That implements that turbo charged spark ignition engine then can be because of the mechanism of combustion of its mechanism of combustion and diesel engine is different, and make " pinking " be more prone to take place ... in addition, no matter be diesel engine or spark ignition engine, the employing exhaust turbocharging all can be because of the increase of engine operation intensity, and influence material and structural strength, shorten the service life of driving engine

To four-stroke engine and even two-stroke engine, triangular-piston rotor formula driving engine, after the six-stroke driving engine of automobile-used turbine engine and the development of American's Bruce Crewe etc. carries out comprehensive analysis, the present invention has selected six-stroke engine to be applied as driving engine of the present invention, and bold discarded traditional throttle gate fuel oil master mode [this has been the contradictory phenomena that institute's ubiquity in the present engine design: do not stint the increase manufacturing cost on the one hand, the charge efficiency of the raising driving engine of making great efforts by fair means or foul takes various measures to, and but the method (throttle gate) of employing throttling is controlled the amount of air that enters cylinder on the other hand ... ], and adopt micro computer that the fuzzy fuel oil master mode of level is directly arranged.

This six-stroke engine is on the basis of piston type four-stroke engine, improvement design by cam mechanism, and increased the piston engine (reciprocal six one way of its piston: air inlet 1 stroke → compression stroke → expansion stroke → exhaust 1 stroke → air inlet 2 strokes → exhaust 2 strokes, and finish a working cycle) of two strokes of inlet and outlet; And so-called micro computer directly has the fuzzy fuel oil master mode of level, be meant after driving engine is placed the non-air throttle device, after soon the suction quantity of driving engine will become " constant " by traditional variable, by micro computer the fuel duty of driving engine is implemented direct control and (rather than control its suction quantity earlier, by sensors such as charge airs amount of air is become electric signal input automobile micro computer then, micro computer is controlled the indirect control of the fuel quantity that enters cylinder again by actr), the change curve of its fuel duty be interrupted (promptly be actual needs according to running car, be divided into the several number magnitude), the control accuracy of its fuel duty is " bluring ".The beneficial effect that adopts this measure to obtain is:

(1), can obtain comparatively desirable oil-saving effect.This is because the small size decline of this engine power (estimated value is about 20%---this is not that 1/2 reason of two cycle engine power is similar with the power of four-stroke motor) but can be got 33.33% of oil consumption reduction in return.

(2), can not adopt " exhaust valve is opened in advance " and set up additive air valve, many valves, harmonic wave supercharging, exhaust turbocharging ... etc. method (promptly can under the condition of complete self-priming), make full use of the advantage of smooth and easy (obstruction of non-air throttle) of the increase of this six-stroke engine inlet and outlet time and free air diffuser, and obtain higher charge efficiency and lower coefficient of residual gas.Like this, not only can reduce the loss in efficiency (be meant exhaust valve open the engine power that caused in advance and descend) of driving engine, and can reduce the manufacturing cost of automobile and the complexity of control system greatly;

(3), the safety factor of automobile is improved.This be because, at present the Das Gaspedal of automobile and brake pedal all are by the right crus of diaphragm control of chaufeur, when automobile needs glancing impact suddenly, the chaufeur mistake in flurried is used as Das Gaspedal as brake pedal, and the safety misadventure that leads to happens occasionally.And after the fuzzy fuel oil master mode (Das Gaspedal is cancelled) of level was directly arranged when driving engine enforcement micro computer, this type of safety misadventure will be stopped naturally; And can be by to the setting of driving engine maximum fuel supply, and the F-Zero of Control of Automobile effectively, to guarantee traffic safety and to avoid the hypervelocity fine.

2), from the angle of Engineering Thermodynamics, though hot machine also can not all be converted to mechanical work to the heat that the miscellaneous gas burning produces, but reduce its egress of heat so that driving engine produces the big work of expansion of trying one's best in the process of burning, then be very important and necessary as far as possible.And conflictingly with it be, in order to guarantee the normal operation of driving engine, again must be in addition in time appropriateness cooling of parts in the cylinder of under hot conditions, working ... obviously, this be present water-cooled be in the cooling-water chamber circulating water and air-cooled be the outer air flow of cylinder body, " tickling " formula cooling that moving parts in the engine cylinder are implemented every boots, be difficult to coordinate (particularly multi-cylinder engine) with balance

The six-stroke engine that the present invention adopts, can utilize the condition of cooling media (Cryogenic air) repeated direct to the interior high temperature parts of cylinder, economic and convenient realization " high temperature is air-cooled " is (promptly under the prerequisite that does not make fuel oil generation spontaneous combustion, improve the temperature of combustion chamber and the degree of utilization of heat that fuel combustion produces as much as possible), and reduce the negative effect (heat taken away of water cooling medium accounts for the 30-40% of engine fuel institute liberated heat) of cooling system greatly, its effect that may reach then is that unapproachable [present water-cooled is that high temperature cools off and is to the high temperature cooling technology institute that adopts of present water-cooled four cycle engine, adopting increases radiator cap steam cock response pressure, methods such as high boiling liquid, and make more than the boiling point elevation to 110 ℃ of refrigerant fluid (it improves heat efficiency and only is 2.5-3%)].

2, with six-stroke engine technology and in-cylinder direct-jet, divide cylinder oil-break technology integrated

1), air inlet 2 strokes of this six-stroke engine can be drawn in the cylinder with the mixture gas in the carburetter or with mixture gas residual in the induction maniflod, and discharged by exhaust 2 strokes after this ... so, when being spark ignition engine, this driving engine then must adopt direct injection ic engine, to overcome this type (six strokes) produces the fuel oil waste under non-in-cylinder direct-jet condition defective;

The defective that the oil gas that adopts the in-cylinder direct-jet technology not only can overcome the inspiration of injection of fuel institute can only just can carry out under the valve opening state, its sharpest edges are that also it can realize lean burn (air/fuel ratio can reach 22-24), improve the heat efficiency and the noxious gas emission of spark ignition engine.And widening of flammable air/fuel ratio also can " have shelvesization " (seeing for details hereinafter) for driving engine of the invention process, and good " objective condition " is provided.

2), the six-stroke driving engine implement high temperature air-cooled after, though can overcome that water-cooled system causes easily that cooling system fouling, permeability of heat degenerate, the part corrosion and make combustion engine heat out of order with the drawback of power decline, though can solve need add winter anti-freezer or to the ventilation inlet in cabin block, summer water tank problem such as " boil ", though have simple in structure, convenient maintenance ... etc. advantage, but because low, the poor thermal conductivity of heat absorption capacity of air, shortcomings such as and it is reliable inadequately to occur cooling easily, and consumed power is big, noise is big.So, must implement air cooled objective condition at it and be better than that [repeated air inlet, exhaust can make cooling media (air) that the chance of moving parts in more direct contact cylinders is arranged on the basis of four-stroke engine, and can play certain regulating action to the cooling of driving engine, and this driving engine work done frequency is low, the getable rest of driving engine when hardening time length reaches (hybrid vehicle) idling, low speed operating mode ... ], help branch cylinder oil-break technology again, so that the cylinder of driving engine is able to " snatching a moment of leisure in busy " with driving engine

With the six-stroke engine technology and after dividing cylinder oil-break technology integrated, not only can increase the reliability of engine cooling, the consumption of power and the noise pollution of cooling fan be can also reduce, can also technical support and guarantee be provided for driving engine of the invention process " has shelvesization ";

" shelvesization are arranged " of driving engine not only can further be reduced the complexity (seeing for details hereinafter) of automobile control system, and can obtain the further benefit of improving driving engine economy and discharging.

3, the in good time backward rotation of driving engine

The hand of rotation of automotive engine is fixed at present.When driving engine turn to by artificial deciding after, it has pressure and point of action on the running surface of parts (as axle journal and the main bearing of bent axle and even the sprocket wheel in its cam mechanism etc. of piston, piston ring, cylinder sleeve, connecting rod piston pin, connecting rod bush, connecting rod bearing shell, bent axle) of geometrical symmetry running surface, along with the different of the wigwag motion of the continuous variation of piston displacement and connecting rod and stroke and constantly changing, thereby caused parts worn-down irregularity everywhere.The uneven phenomenon of this wearing and tearing, be on the rise along with the prolongation of parts period of service, when a side of parts running surface or a certain position (promptly local) when reaching failure criteria, the opposite side that it is symmetrical or remaining position, though do not reach failure criteria as yet, scrapped yet thereupon.The waste that this type of phenomenon caused is very serious and general, but by people nothing to be surprised at.

At this wasting phenomenon, the measure that the present invention takes is, by the in good time backward rotation of the driving engine [piston engine that constitutes by piston crank mechanism, its hand of rotation reversible (clock) can be suitable, and depend on the direction of its starting torque] change the force-bearing situation of parts running surface, so that the wearing and tearing of each symmetry running surface of parts are tending towards evenly as far as possible, so as to improving its service life.Its benefit is:

Seeing of microcosmic can make to prolong 130-140% (estimated value) in service life of every driving engine;

Seeing of macroscopic view can produce the effect of " heaped-up earth becomes a hill, ponding Cheng Yuan ", and obtains bigger economic results in society.This be because, with combustion engine as primary mover machinery many, quantity is big; It two is, its Design Thinking have certain popularization value (because, in common mechanical zero of wear out failure, parts account for greatly all scrap zero, parts 80%).

(2), select for use switched reluctance machines as its driving force motor, its reason is, it have simple in structure, reliable, cost is low, efficient is high, loss little (particularly less than rated speed of rotation time), startability are good ... have the advantage of AC induction motor frequency control and DC motor speed-regulating concurrently; The 2nd, people are to the development and the application of switched reluctance motor, and quite ripe experience has been arranged, and can be for reference, use for reference (particularly inversion power technology and various reduction noise of motor technology); The 3rd, can reduce the manufacturing cost of automobile.

(3), adopted quite simple and direct, economic method, the wind-force that is produced when making the waste gas of driving engine and running car is utilized (generating), and makes engine thermal efficiency, vehicle energy be able to further lifting

1, power turbine compounding machine technology is to be equipped with a single-stage turbine outside waste gas supercharger again, makes the part exhaust energy convert mechanical work therein to, again this part mechanical work is passed to bent axle by reducing gear and coupling device.This technology is used on high-performance marine engine or warplane, has obtained gratifying effect: the heat efficiency of complete machine can reach 46%; But the driving device speed ratio of power turbine compounding machine is big, complex structure, cost are higher, and can not be widely used

The present invention is subjected to the inspiration of this technology and the exhaust turbine generator set researched and developed is that waste gas with driving engine is as a kind of wind resource, technical requirements according to aerogenerator, with the turbo-machine of turbocharger as primary mover, give switch reluctance generator by coupler parts such as (or dry-type multidisc electromagnetic clutches) with its transmission of torque ... (vide infra), its technical spirit are the integrated of exhaust turbine pressuring technology and switched reluctance machines technology;

The rotor shaft rotating speed of centrifugal supercharging blower can be up to more than the tens thousand of commentaries on classics of per minute ... the structure of switched reluctance machines is an axial air gap electric machine, the rotor of motor does not have armature loop, have electrical motor and operation state of generator, and have simple in structure, make easy, cost is low, starting ability is good, there is not big rush current, the efficient height, consume little and be applicable to various abominable, (maximum speed can reach 100 for high temperature even strong vibration and hyper-speed running, characteristics such as 000r/min), power range is from 10W to 5MW ... so, it can adapt to the ultrahigh rotating speed of primary mover fully, and (the flow velocity U of the horsepower output P and the wind speed of aerogenerator---waste gas that can be benefited because of its ultrahigh rotating speed on the contrary ³Be directly proportional), thus even more ideal generating effect (exhaust heat accounts for the 21-25% of engine fuel institute liberated heat) can be obtained.

2, mostly the driving engine of this hybrid vehicle is to treat that automobile driving speed reaches just devotes oneself to work behind the certain value, also can greatly improve and enter the air rate in automobile cabin this moment, and present the attitude that air quantity, wind speed are directly proportional with the speed of a motor vehicle, so, can utilize this wind power generation fully, and can utilize " recyclability " of wind energy, and will be by auto wind power electrical generator " wind of using ", collect, be directed to by " wind-collecting cover " device in the streamlined reefer housing of air-cooled system and cool off for driving engine.And devoted oneself to work at driving engine but under the not high special operation condition of the speed of a motor vehicle (as operating modes such as low speed climbings), then the auto wind power electrical generator can be switched to fan (electrical motor) and cool off for driving engine.

Like this, not only can save the consumption of power that full-time cooling fan produces is set, can also reduce sound pollution source, reduce the pollution that NOISE ON ENVIRONMENT caused; More can turn bane into boon and make the vehicle energy be promoted that [air resistance is the quadratic equation function of the speed of a motor vehicle, and the speed of running car is higher, and the composition of air resistance is just bigger, and may become the principal element of automobile running resistance.But see dialectically, enter the raising of the air rate in automobile cabin, also can provide good wind resource (under the prerequisite of not considering wind direction for the auto wind power electrical generator, when the speed of a motor vehicle reaches 60km/h, its wind-force just can reach 8 grades), so as long as auto wind power electrical generator/fan design is reasonable, the energy of its recovery also will be considerable].

(4), battery is selected lead-acid storage battery for use, this mainly be in view of the lead-acid storage battery price low, the composition that contains pollution is fewer, and returnability is good ... and treat to carry out the essentiality improvement again after new battery technology has had breakthrough development, to reduce the manufacturing cost of automobile as far as possible;

The present invention does not adopt the method that strengthens capacity of cell to increase the braking energy of recovery, and the electricity that sends of its electrical generator can be in good time in addition directly provides electric energy for vehicular electrical appliances such as its electrical motor, igniting systems.So it is excessive that the capacity of power battery pack 8 needn't be selected for use, to reduce weight, to improve vehicle dynamic quality as far as possible.

(5), no foot throttle mechanism, change-speed box and foot accelerator clutch

The reason that hybrid vehicle of the present invention does not have foot throttle mechanism is, its driving engine has been implemented micro computer directly the fuzzy fuel oil master mode of level ... after driving engine " has shelvesization ", the variation range of engine output torque is expanded, can satisfy the actual needs of running car fully, and need not change-speed box and foot accelerator clutch (variation range of traditional engine output torque is limited, so it just must be expanded by change-speed box);

Deceleration commutator 5 is in order to improve driving engine and electrical motor optimum working zone and not match and being provided with for the in good time backward rotation of driving engine.Its commutation function is realized (figure slightly) by the mode that changes external meshing tooth logarithm in the gear mechanism, and its transmitting ratio should be optimized by test;

Like this, not only can alleviate engine weight greatly, thereby improve the dynamic property of automobile, can also further reduce the manufacturing cost of automobile and the complexity of control system.

Two, implement new integrated vehicle control tactics

The six-stroke engine that the present invention adopts is except having the shortcoming that can not use (being meant spark ignition engine) under the condition of non-cylinder injection, its maximum defective is the stationarity poor (frequency of six-stroke engine generation acting process is too low) of running, and divide cylinder oil-break, the integrated with it negative effect that produces of interrupted oil supply technology (seeing for details hereinafter), can make this defective become more outstanding again.But that but this drawback is the rotor inertia institute that only relies on the cylinder number that increases driving engine or strengthen engine flywheel is insoluble.This be because, the cylinder number of excessive increase driving engine and the rotor inertia of strengthening flywheel, not only can increase the weight and the manufacturing cost of automobile, and can be excessive because of the rotor inertia of flywheel, and cause the difficulty of engine starting ... the present invention abide by " optimization of system is not the stack of each Mechanism Optimization; but combined effect the best of system " principle of design, by rational car load control, fully and cleverly utilize the advantage of two kinds of energy of hybrid vehicle, and this driving engine can be maximized favourable factors and minimized unfavourable ones, system is optimized ... its concrete measure is:

(1), the output torque of driving engine can be used for driving, but does not work independently.Be driving engine 7 can with electrical motor 4 coaxial drive, but do not work independently.Like this, directly dragging under the power-assisted of electrical motor 4, the piston of driving engine, bent axle just can be crossed more easily, bottom dead point and the resistance that overcomes each non-expansion space stroke, and can avoid unexpected oil-break, fuel feeding (is a piston, parts all standings such as bent axle, suddenly open), give the impact that driving engine brought as interrupted oil supply etc., to guarantee that driving engine can pulsation-free work ... driving engine 7 can be with electrical motor 4 coaxial another benefits that connect, can utilize the rotating speed of electrical motor and characteristic that the speed of a motor vehicle does not have direct relation to reduce or get rid of the influence of the speed of a motor vehicle engine speed, promptly utilize electrical motor to assisting of implementing of driving engine (or constraint), and driving engine can be always worked in the fuel economy optimum speed zone---this be present hybrid vehicle driving engine was difficult to realize that [this is because connect each other with the moving velocity of the rotating speed of the driving engine of the non-coaxial drive of electrical motor and automobile and influencing each other.And influence more, the randomness and very strong of factor of the moving velocity of automobile, so be difficult to be controlled, hold]; Its benefit three is that driving engine need not dispose flywheel, to alleviate engine weight, improves the dynamic property of automobile.

(2), adopted the Dual-motors Driving form: two different electrical motors of power can be distinguished independent driving front and rear wheel [wherein, the electrical motor that power is bigger can be held a concurrent post (vide infra) by the second stage electrical generator in the exhaust turbine generator set].Like this, not only can avoid wasting phenomenon (this is the form that present most hybrid vehicle adopts) by a direct motor drive issuable " low load with strong power ", also the advantage that performance that can be in good time " four wheel drive " traction is big to be improving the crossing ability of automobile, as operating modes such as starting, the road of automobile are wet and slippery.

(3), (CCS) cruise mode control that has replaced present application with the interrupted oil supply cruise mode control

The essence of interrupted oil supply cruising control (vide infra) is, utilize high-speed operation (each working cycle time spent only is per centum second) and the hyper-speed computing of automobile micro computer and the executive capability of engine crankshaft, at the traveling comfort of guaranteeing automobile with reduce under the prerequisite of interrupted oil supply negative effect as far as possible, reach the effect that intensity is controlled in the driving that alleviates chaufeur.Compare with (CCS) cruise mode control of present application, interrupted oil supply cruise mode control of the present invention then more meets or is close to the real-world operation state of automobile---in fact, automobile in the process of moving the instantaneous velocity of its each moment be not equate [this also is that (CCS) cruise mode control has to change at any time its throttle opening, to change the size of automobile propulsive effort at any time ... reason];

The interrupted oil supply cruise mode control has mechanism simplifying, controls simple, as to reduce manufacturing cost effect, the usefulness (also can make driving engine be able to the cooler meeting of " snatching a moment of leisure in busy ") that also has the auxiliary engine cooling, its maximum benefit is that it can make the vehicle energy that stores with the kinetic energy form be recycled, thereby can reach the effect of further energy-saving and emission-reduction.

(4), its integrated vehicle control tactics is not with the torque distribution of driving engine and the motor emphasis as power control system, but stressing: to the selection of drive form, driving engine " gear " with to the power supply management of battery pack and two power supplys of electrical generator---cooperatively interacting of two kinds of power supplys want rationally, accurately, promptly want to connect automatically and in time and to cut off confession (fill) circuit of electrical generator, connect and cut off the feed circuit of storage battery automatically and in time consumers such as electrical motors to usefulness equipment such as electrical motor, firing unit and storage battery electricity.

(5), Shi Du reduction its intelligent control degree

Auto-industry are technology-intensive industries, and technological advance is bigger to the contribution of development.This should be sure in addition.The particularly effect brought into play therein of automobile microcomputerized control technology can not be underestimated especially and negates.But, excessive pursuit to intelligent control degree and control accuracy thereof, then can cause the increase of Automobile manufacturing cost, and make the reduction (this also is a kind of tendency that institute of present auto manufacturing ubiquity) of automobile cost performance ... in fact, people's brains has the thinking ability of quick agility, the fast non-modern micro computer of its " fuzziness thinking " speed can be compared, as when searching for a sight spot of once going many years ago, just can present this sight spot and associated traffic image moment in the brains ... so, the intelligent control of the similar present power control system that hybrid vehicle adopted (ECU) [is that master mode is divided into operating mode management level and 2 level of energy management layer (ECU), respectively by the driving model interpreter, mode dispatching device and energy understanding are released actr (EMI) and are successively carried out pattern judgement and execution successively ... ] in some judge and select, then can be finished by chaufeur fully.

Design is means just, and demand is only purpose.Satisfying demand such as ride instead of walk (load-carrying), quick, steady, guarantee its safe and reliable in, the intelligent control degree of bold and appropriate reduction automobile is given full play to the subjective initiative of people's (chaufeur), then is feasible and very necessary.Because like this, not only can improve the reliability of control, can also shorten the technical research cycle, (this is next in the overall situation of emphasizing intellectual property to be even more important to reduce patent royalties or patented product expense.According to DVD is example, and the DVD that China produces has 80% with upper outlet, and every the various patent fees that will hand over are just up to more than 20 dollars, and every of its export price only is 35 dollars, and the interests of every DVD of maker of China have only 1 dollar.And the automobile manufacturing enterprise of China also can only be earned a bit meagre manufacturing interests at present ...), and automobile research and development, manufacturing cost are significantly reduced, the cost performance of automobile is promoted

Advantage of the present invention and effect are: can make hybrid vehicle energy-conserving and environment-protective more, practical, durable, safety more economically, and have preferably cost performance (under similar test environment, means, its every index all can be considerably beyond the Prius of Toyota).

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a power system configuration schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a driving engine inlet and outlet cam geometric profile scheme drawing of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the distribution scheme drawing of driving engine of the present invention

Fig. 4 is an exhaust turbine electrical generator scheme drawing of the present invention

The specific embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

One, power system configuration of the present invention

Power system configuration of the present invention is [its layout (and even configuration) can change along with the difference of vehicle, engine cylinder number] as shown in Figure 1.Wherein:

The 1-aerogenerator; 2, the forward and backward main reduction gear of 14-; 3,3 ', 13-dry-type multidisc electromagnetic clutch;

The 4-electrical motor; 5-deceleration commutator; 6-exhaust turbine electrical generator; The 7-driving engine;

8,8 '-power battery pack and 12 volts of battery pack; The 9-instruction keyboard; The 10-brake pedal;

The 11-control unit; The 12-electrical motor; The 15-car speed sensor.

Two, the six-stroke engine structure improves the design-calculated main points

(1), the working cycle of the air inlet 1 stroke → compression stroke → expansion stroke of six-stroke driving engine → exhaust 1 stroke → air inlet 2 strokes → exhaust 2 strokes, except relying on crankshaft sprocket in its cam mechanism and 3: 1 transmitting ratios of camshaft sprocket, more need to rely on to have the inlet and outlet cam (as shown in Figure 2) of " biconvex peak " contour shape and the appropriate design of distribution (as shown in Figure 3) is realized.

Because the inlet and outlet of six-stroke driving engine repeatability are for driving engine wins the enough inlet and outlet time,, and can make so its camb contour is totally unnecessary complicated as the camb contour of four-stroke motor:

γ ₁＝δ ₂；??γ ₂＝δ ₁；??α ₁＝β ₂；??α ₂＝β ₁

Wherein: γ ₁, γ ₂, δ ₁, δ ₂Be respectively the opening angle and the angle of retarded closing in advance of

exhaust

1,2 exhaust valves

α ₁, α ₂, β ₁, β ₂Be respectively the opening angle and the angle of retarded closing in advance of

air inlet

1,2 inlet valves

Making it having certain symmetry, and can realize the in good time backward rotation of driving engine easily; Nature, its concrete numerical value should be optimized by repetition test, be determined.But total principle is:

When 1, reducing exhaust 1 stroke as far as possible, advance opening of exhaust valve γ ₁The number of degrees, to guarantee making full use of of heat that fuel combustion is produced;

When 2, suitably strengthening air inlet 1 stroke, advance opening of admission valve α ₁The number of degrees, to guarantee driving engine higher charge efficiency is arranged;

(2), on should basis when determining the structural shape of combustion chamber of petrol engine in repetition test, make great efforts to avoid the intellectual property dispute that may take place with external effectively patent (for spark ignition engine, its already the structural shape of ripe burning chamber of diesel engine can use for reference fully).

(3), the valve mechanism arrangement form of this driving engine should adopt the valve in head formula, carries out transmission with synchronizing jugged adhesive tape;

(4), the cylinder head of driving engine, cylinder block all should be with the good aluminium alloy castings of permeability of heat; The radiating gill on its cylinder head and cylinder block top also should be more longer than the radiating gill of cylinder block bottom, and radiating gill should be vertical arrangement (down the wind arranging) to overcome air-flow resistance; Wind-collecting cover, streamlined reefer housing and deflector guide can be cast with plastics or aluminum alloy; Cylinder sleeve should be with resistance to abrasion alloy cast or alloy steel manufacturing preferably, to prolong the service life of cylinder sleeve; Concrete physical dimension such as the wall thickness of engine cylinder-body, cylinder cover, cylinder sleeve and the length of radiating gill etc. need be determined, be optimized by repetition test.

(5), engine cylinder covers the mounting hole (to be used for the cylinder pressure of regular detection of engine) that will reserve cylinder pressure sensors, the particular location of its mounting hole and mode will be looked the specific constructive form of driving engine and pressure sensor and be set.

Three, the branch cylinder oil-break of driving engine and " shelvesization are arranged " and interrupted oil supply and in good time backward rotation

(1), the branch cylinder oil-break of driving engine and " shelvesization are arranged ":

By the devote oneself to work difference of cylinder number of driving engine, the branch cylinder oil-break of six-cylinder engine (for the ease of setting forth, this paper only is to be example with the six-cylinder engine) can adopt four kinds of forms such as three cylinder inputs, four cylinder inputs, five cylinder inputs and six cylinder inputs respectively.Need only like this:

1, measure three cylinders, four cylinders, five cylinders, when six cylinders are devoted oneself to work, the rotation speed n during separately maximum power ₁Rotation speed n during with torque peak ₂

2, at its " domain of definition " [n separately ₁, n ₂] in, by changing the rotating speed and the delivery quality of driving engine, establish several " operation points " (being power/rotating speed);

3, above-mentioned each " operation point " size according to its horsepower output is sorted, revises, sorts ... to obtain one group of data that a certain amount of difference is arranged;

4, above-mentioned each data and pairing minute cylinder oil-break form etc. thereof are stored among the ROM of micro computer.Like this, just can obtain a horsepower output variation range and can satisfy the driving engine running car demand, " shelvesization are arranged ".

Driving engine " inoperative cylinder " is reasonably to design according to the working cycle (being firing order) of driving engine with the distribution of " working cylinder " with ordering.Be example now with driving engine three cylinder working forms, the working cycle of supposing this driving engine is as shown in table 1 below, so after its working cylinder 1-3-2 (or 5-6-4) has reached " work-hours ", just the role rotation that can carry out with inoperative cylinder 5-6-4 (or 1-3-2) (when driving engine was devoted oneself to work with four cylinder inputs or five cylinders, its " inoperative cylinder " also should be orderly with the role rotation of " working cylinder ")

Driving engine divides the principal parameter of cylinder oil-break to be, " work-hours " of working cylinder, should being determined of its concrete data by repetition test, and should with itself and corresponding with it each minute cylinder oil-break form be stored among the ROM of micro computer.

Six-stroke six-cylinder engine working cycle table

(firing order: 1-5-3-6-2-4) table 1

Crankshaft degree (°)	First cylinder	Second cylinder	The 3rd cylinder	The 4th cylinder	The 5th cylinder	The 6th cylinder
Crankshaft degree (°)	First cylinder	Second cylinder	The 3rd cylinder	The 4th cylinder	The 5th cylinder	The 6th cylinder	??0-180°	Work done	Air inlet 2	Air inlet 1	Exhaust 1	Compression	Exhaust	2
??180-360°	Exhaust 1	Exhaust 2	Compression	Air inlet	2	Work done	??0-180°	Work done	Air inlet 2	Air inlet 1	Exhaust 1	Compression	Exhaust	2	Air inlet 1
??180-360°	Exhaust 1	Exhaust 2	Compression	Air inlet	2	Work done	??360-540°	Air inlet 2	Air inlet 1	Work done	Exhaust 2	Exhaust 1	Compression		Air inlet 1
??540-720°	Exhaust 2	Compression	Exhaust	1	Air inlet 1	Air inlet 2	??360-540°	Air inlet 2	Air inlet 1	Work done	Exhaust 2	Exhaust 1	Compression	Work done
??540-720°	Exhaust 2	Compression	Exhaust	1	Air inlet 1	Air inlet 2	??720-900°	Air inlet 1	Work done	Air inlet 2	Compression	Exhaust	2	Work done	Exhaust 1
??900-1080°	Compression	Exhaust	1	Exhaust 2	Work done	Air inlet 1	??720-900°	Air inlet 1	Work done	Air inlet 2	Compression	Exhaust	2	Air inlet 2	Exhaust 1

(2), the present invention replaced driving engine cruise mode control (CCS) with driving engine interrupted oil supply cruise mode control, its pattern is:

When driving engine participates in driving and reaches a certain target vehicle speed, after chaufeur enters the interrupted oil supply cruising control program of microcomputerized control by instruction keyboard 9, micro computer obtains and judges this target vehicle speed pairing " stop control lever time " and " continue supply time ", the in good time working cylinder to driving engine sends stop control lever or recovers the fuel feeding instruction, makes automobile in an acceptable acceleration → deceleration → acceleration → deceleration ... " cruise and travel " in the speed change;

The principal parameter of interrupted oil supply cruising control then is " stop control lever time " and " continue supply time ", and it is that a group of being drawn on the basis of repetition test is imported data among the ROM of micro computer (its different " stop control lever times " and " continuing supply time " are corresponding with the parameters such as form of different automobile driving speed, branch cylinder oil-break) in advance.What should particularly point out is:

1, after automobile enters interrupted oil supply cruising control program, when the driving engine stop control lever, electrical motor (particularly electrical motor 4) then must be in running state, and will drag driving engine and remain in operation.Like this, not only can guarantee the driving engine smooth working, and help improving the safety of automobile;

2, since its minute the cylinder oil-break and interrupted oil supply may carry out simultaneously, so the processing (when being its programming) to above-mentioned data it should be noted that the difference of (" work-hours ", " continuing supply time ", " stop control lever time ") of above-mentioned notion, and can not be obscured.

(3), the in good time counter-rotational realization of driving engine is to be relatively easy to: to be checkedly measure that the compressed pressure value descends or each cylinder difference of pressure increases to (its numerical value can be determined by the statistics of test) behind the some numerical value, the in good time starting torque to a backward rotation of driving engine input, driving engine can be realized backward rotation.Institute is noted that:

1, when the hinge wheel of assembling on the camshaft, must the timing marks of " just " on the hinge wheel or negation be aimed at (scheming summary) with the timing marks on the minor sprocket according to turning to of driving engine;

2, adjust deceleration commutator gear mesh logarithm, obtaining the effect of similar mathematics multiplying " negative for just ", and make turning to of drive wheel constant;

3, the lubricating system of driving engine then should not be subjected to its influence that turns to variation (as selecting for use of oil pump pattern);

The regular detection of engine compresses pressure (is adopted the system that regularly detects, be in order to reduce the consumption of pressure sensor), the adjustment of deceleration commutator gear mesh logarithm and the work such as timing marks aligning of large and small sprocket wheel, can be finished by the past-sale service of automobile.

Four, the design of exhaust turbine electrical generator and auto wind power electrical generator

(1), the exhaust turbine electrical generator can be by behind the parts such as air compressor of removing existing radial turbosupercharger, with the rotor shaft of its turbo-machine (primary mover) by coupler parts such as (or dry-type multidisc electromagnetic clutches) be connected with the rotor shaft of switched reluctance machines 3 assemble (also can by the pattern of existing turbocharger by improve design, make form), concrete version is as shown in Figure 4.

Its assembling main points are: according to the constructional feature and the working cycle of six cylinder six-stroke driving engines, the waste gas that three cylinders of driving engine are discharged is with same freeing pipe, and a free air diffuser on the turbine case of turbo-machine 1 leads to its 1/2 circular jet nozzle ring; And in addition three cylinders waste gas of discharging is with same freeing pipe with driving engine, and another free air diffuser on the turbine case of turbo-machine 1 leads to another 1/2 circular jet nozzle ring, again by coupler 2 with the transmission of power of turbo-machine (primary mover) to switched reluctance machines 3; And the waste gas that the turbo-machine in this electrical generator is discharged is divided into two-way, cause two 1/2 circular jet nozzle rings on turbo-machine 1 turbine case in the electrical generator of the second stage (platform) respectively, give switched reluctance machines 3 by dry-type multidisc electromagnetic clutch 2 with the transmission of power of turbo-machine ... waste gas is drained into the freeing pipe of automobile the most at last, then in the exhaust to atmosphere;

The key of exhaust turbine generator designs, manufacturing is, the free air diffuser on its turbine case and the physical dimension of nozzle ring and roughness thereof.This is because the principle of work of exhaust turbine electrical generator is identical with the principle of work of aerogenerator, the diameter D of its horsepower output P and electrical generator wind wheel ²Flow velocity U with waste gas ³Be directly proportional.So, when determining its concrete structure, should when increasing turbine diameter, make great efforts to strengthen the flow velocity of waste gas, to improve the horsepower output of generator set as far as possible;

First exhaust turbine electrical generator in the exhaust turbine generator set is that the dontake pipe by exhaust hose and driving engine carries out bonded assembly, also is to carry out bonded assembly by exhaust hose between the turbo-machine of electrical generators at different levels.So the mutual alignment of each electrical generator and installation position thereof can be handled flexibly according to different automobile types; The insulation of the exhaust hose that is noted that and the noise reduction of motor, every making an uproar.

(2), the auto wind power electrical generator assembles (figure slightly) by motor and wind wheel, the axle sleeve of its wind wheel and the rotor shaft of motor are interference fit, the stator of motor is bolted to ventilation inlet place, automobile cabin (after the air-inlet grille); The blade of wind wheel can be cast with plastics or aluminum alloy, and the quantity of blade, shape and stagger angle should be taken into account generating, two functions of fan, are determined by repetition test;

Because be subjected to the restriction of automobile cabin space size, it is too big that the wind wheel of auto wind power electrical generator can not be done, thus the form that can adopt two electrical generators to be arranged side by side, to improve utilization ratio of wind energy; Its motor also should be selected switched reluctance machines for use, to adapt to the high rotating speed of wind-force electrical generator when powerful;

The exhaust turbine generator set what (platform) electrical generator is made of and the determining of each electrical generator (comprising aerogenerator) power, except to consider its " wind-force " for regenerative resource should give make full use of, also to consider weight, motor space size, the cost performance of automobile ... Deng constraint.So, should be weighed, be determined by test.

(3), electrical generator is used for normal operation on the automobile, must meet following three conditions:

(1) terminal voltage should can keep basicly stable when rotating speed changes;

(2) under the overload operating mode, should be able to limit outgoing current and be no more than rated value;

(3) can connect and cut off charge circuit automatically and in time, guarantee the power supply that cooperatively interacts of two power supplys, and storage battery is carried out additional charge timely storage battery.

Yet the proper property of exhaust turbine electrical generator and auto wind power electrical generator can't satisfy these requirements fully, thus need the necessary self-checking device of configuration to be regulated, to satisfy vehicle operation condition; And should be on the basis of repetition test, waste gas power turbine generator set, auto wind power electrical generator and motor braking generating and

power battery pack

8 and 12 volts of battery pack 8 ' are reasonably divided the work and collocation, to satisfy driving force motor and the different requirements to power supply such as instrument, illumination and signal.

Five, the selection of electrical motor, engine power

The major responsibility of electrical motor 4 is to guarantee the driving engine smooth working, so as long as its power can satisfy the lowest power demand of running car; Electrical motor 12 is the main drive of Electric Traction, the power demand when its power is wanted to satisfy the automobile moderate duty in principle;

After considering that this driving engine has adopted branch cylinder oil-break technology, mostly be the generating task dispatching actual conditions of moving and need having certain power deposit and it to bear under its lower-wattage situation, the 3-4 that can be decided to be electrical motor 12 power on the maximum power principle of driving engine is doubly for just (with the baby car is example: electrical motor 4 can be respectively 5KW, 20KW with the power of electrical motor 12; The maximum power of driving engine can be selected 60-80KW for use).

Nature, these data should be according to the differences of vehicle and difference.But total matching principle is, should consider that electric energy that engine exhaust sends can satisfy the power requirement of consumers such as battery and electrical motor, firing unit, and not superfluous; Consider constraints such as vehicle weight, manufacturing cost again, promptly will be weighed, optimize by repetition test.

Electrical motor 12 can be held a concurrent post by the second stage electrical generator in the exhaust turbine generator set.Attaching parts between primary mover of its electrical generator (turbo-machine) and the switched reluctance machines---the separate or merge of magnetic clutch can switch to switched reluctance machines electrical motor, braking energy recovery electrical generator or exhaust turbine electrical generator; When it uses as electrical motor, the driving trailing wheel that it can be independent; When it switched to braking energy recovery electrical generator, its control should be linked with brake pedal.

Six, the drive form of automobile and control thereof

(1), chaufeur can be according to the actual demand of battery SOC situation and running car, and selects following several drive form respectively for use:

1), the rear-guard of electrical motor 12 independent drive;

2), the forerunner of electrical motor 4 independent drive;

3), electrical motor 4 and electrical motor 12 common " 4 wheel drivens " that drive;

4), electrical motor 4 and the driving engine 7 common forerunners that drive;

5), electrical motor 4 and driving engine 7 and electrical motor 12 common " 4 wheel drivens " that drive.

(2), the present invention does not adopt the power control system (ECU) of present hybrid vehicle, but, cruise and the conversion of motor form (electrical generator or electrical motor) as selection, the interrupted oil supply of drive form and driving engine gear with some control corresponding ... finish Deng transferring to chaufeur.Chaufeur can be according to shown various data of coming out on the actual demand of running car and the gauge panel (as working condition of battery SOC situation, the speed of a motor vehicle, electrical generator etc.) or voice suggestion, judge and its decision-making is inputed in the micro computer by instruction keyboard, the instruction micro computer is carried out ... its keyboard or major key are installed in (similar game direction dish or Ferrari bearing circle) on the bearing circle, the convenience of controlling with raising.

Conclusion:

Though 1 the present invention has adopted many measures to make great efforts to reduce the manufacturing cost of automobile, because the specific properties of hybrid vehicle, its manufacturing cost still is higher than fuel-engined vehicle and electronlmobil possibly.So, when scheme is specifically implemented except should being principle to guarantee quality, with energy-saving and emission-reduction is handgrip, make great efforts to promote outside the automotive performance, also should be from the angle of " all things on earth is all several ", to specification, the model of major parts such as driving engine, electrical generator, electrical motor, storage battery and bi-directional DC-DC converter, reasonably select for use and mate, to obtain the optimization of cost performance;

2, the practicality of automobile theory and driving engine theory is all very strong, and many technical parameters need just can obtain by repetition test.So, when specifically implementing, scheme should pass through repetition test, and such scheme is carried out combing, correction and replenishes, making it more to become perfect, and serve society early.

Claims

1. the configuration of a hybrid electric drive system and layout and control, it is characterized in that: it is to be made of driving engine, two motors and an electrical generator and a battery pack etc., and exhaust turbine electrical generator and auto wind power electrical generator can be in good time provides electric energy for battery and electrical motor etc.; Two different electrical motors of power can be distinguished independent driving front and rear wheel, and driving engine does not work independently and must drive jointly with electrical motor; No change-speed box does not have foot accelerator clutch does not have the drive form and the selection of driving engine gear of foot throttle automobile, interrupted oil supply cruises and the conversion of motor form (electrical generator or electrical motor) ... Deng control, instruct micro computer to carry out by chaufeur by instruction keyboard, its instruction keyboard or major key are installed on the bearing circle.

2. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: driving engine does not work independently, and must drive jointly with its coaxial electrical motor that connects.

3. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wind-power electricity generation that has been produced when having utilized engine exhaust and running car, can be in good time provide electric energy for electric equipment such as battery, electrical motor and firing units.

4. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: but exhaust turbine electrical generator double as driving force motor or braking energy reclaim electrical generator usefulness, but the cooling fan of auto wind power electrical generator double as driving engine is used.

5. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: power battery pack has been selected the less lead-acid storage battery of capacity for use.

6. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopted the double-motor drive form---two different electrical motors of power can be distinguished independent driving front and rear wheel.

7. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this car does not have change-speed box and foot accelerator clutch and foot throttle mechanism.

8. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: (CCS) cruise mode control that has replaced present application with the interrupted oil supply cruise mode control.

9. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its integrated vehicle control tactics is not with the torque distribution of driving engine and the motor emphasis as power control strategies, but stresses to the selection of automobile drive form, driving engine gear with to the power supply management of battery pack and two power supplys of electrical generator.

10. hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this car does not adopt the power control system (ECU) of present hybrid vehicle, but with some control corresponding of automobile---selection, the interrupted oil supply of drive form and driving engine gear cruise and the conversion of motor form (electrical generator or electrical motor) ... instruct micro computer to carry out by instruction keyboard Deng transferring to chaufeur, its instruction keyboard or major key are installed in (similar game direction dish or Ferrari bearing circle) on the bearing circle.