CN101788191A - Concentrating solar thermoelectric cold cogeneration system - Google Patents
Concentrating solar thermoelectric cold cogeneration system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统。太阳能集热场与第一流量控制阀、太阳能锅炉系统、第四流量控制阀、汽轮机发电装置、热输出装置依次连接；汽轮机发电装置与输变电装置连接，汽轮机发电装置乏汽出口与冷凝器、冷凝水泵、太阳能锅炉系统依次连接，太阳能集热场与第二流量控制阀、蓄热器、第三流量控制阀、太阳能锅炉系统依次连接；太阳能锅炉系统与第五流量控制阀、制冷装置、冷输出装置依次相连；制冷装置与冷却塔、冷却水泵依次连接；系统由控制系统实现自动化控制。系统实现能量的梯级优化利用，提高太阳能利用率；系统综合能效高，成本低，节能节水环保性好，可实现商业化运行。
The invention discloses a concentrating solar heat, electricity and cold cogeneration system. The solar thermal field is connected with the first flow control valve, solar boiler system, fourth flow control valve, steam turbine power generation device, and heat output device in sequence; the steam turbine power generation device is connected with the power transmission and transformation device, and the exhaust steam outlet of the steam turbine power generation device is connected with the condenser , condensate pump, and solar boiler system are connected in sequence, and the solar collector field is connected with the second flow control valve, heat accumulator, third flow control valve, and solar boiler system in sequence; the solar boiler system is connected with the fifth flow control valve, refrigeration device, The cold output devices are connected in sequence; the refrigeration device is connected with the cooling tower and the cooling water pump in sequence; the system is automatically controlled by the control system. The system realizes cascade optimized utilization of energy and improves the utilization rate of solar energy; the system has high comprehensive energy efficiency, low cost, good energy saving, water saving and environmental protection, and can realize commercial operation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及太阳能利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统。The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a concentrating solar heat, power and cooling cogeneration system.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源危机的日益严重，同时化石能源燃烧排放出来的SOx，NOX，CO2，粉尘等，对区域和全球的气候环境产生的不利影响，寻求绿色清洁的可再生能源成为全球能源发展的趋势。作为最丰富的可再生清洁能源，太阳能利用已成为当前研究的热点。With the increasingly serious energy crisis, and the SO x , NO x , CO 2 , dust, etc. emitted from fossil energy combustion, which have adverse effects on the regional and global climate and environment, seeking green and clean renewable energy has become a global energy development the trend of. As the most abundant renewable clean energy, the utilization of solar energy has become a current research hotspot.
近年来，热电冷联产技术作为能源技术发展的重要方向之一，在世界范围内得到广泛的关注和重视。热电冷联产系统是一种能够实现能源的梯级利用的综合用能技术，通过“分配得当，各得所需，温度对口，梯级利用”的原则实现优化配置，提高系统能源利用的综合效率。在大幅提高能源利用综合效率同时，太阳能热电冷联产系统能够降低对环境的污染，改善系统的热经济效应，实现对环境友好的方式进行供能。In recent years, cogeneration technology, as one of the important directions of energy technology development, has received widespread attention and attention worldwide. The cogeneration system of heat, power and cooling is a comprehensive energy utilization technology that can realize cascade utilization of energy. Through the principle of "proper distribution, everyone gets what they need, temperature matching, and cascade utilization" to achieve optimal configuration and improve the overall efficiency of energy utilization in the system. While greatly improving the overall efficiency of energy utilization, the solar cogeneration system can reduce environmental pollution, improve the thermal economic effect of the system, and realize energy supply in an environmentally friendly manner.
当前太阳能利用主要包括太阳能光-电，光-热和光-化学三种形式。太阳能发电又分为光伏发电和热发电技术，太阳能热利用目前最广泛的是太阳能中低温利用，即太阳能热水器。现有太阳能利用面临着系统效率低，造价成本和发电成本很高，回收周期长等主要问题。与此同时，工业生产对热中高温蒸汽、冷量的需求量巨大，经济效益可观。The current utilization of solar energy mainly includes three forms: solar photoelectricity, photothermal and photochemical. Solar power generation is further divided into photovoltaic power generation and thermal power generation technologies. The most widely used solar thermal utilization is the use of solar energy at medium and low temperatures, that is, solar water heaters. Existing solar energy utilization faces major problems such as low system efficiency, high construction cost and power generation cost, and long payback cycle. At the same time, industrial production has a huge demand for heat, medium and high temperature steam and cooling capacity, and the economic benefits are considerable.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述问题，提供一种聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统。The object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems and provide a concentrating solar heat, power and cooling cogeneration system.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统包括太阳能集热场、第一流量控制阀、第二流量控制阀、蓄热器、第三流量控制阀、太阳能锅炉系统、第四流量控制阀、第五流量控制阀、制冷装置、冷却塔、冷却水泵、冷输出装置、冷凝水泵、冷凝器、控制系统、输变电装置、热输出装置、汽轮机发电装置；太阳能集热场与第一流量控制阀、太阳能锅炉系统、第四流量控制阀、汽轮机发电装置、热输出装置依次连接；汽轮机发电装置与输变电装置连接，汽轮机发电装置乏汽出口与冷凝器、冷凝水泵、太阳能锅炉系统依次连接，太阳能集热场与第二流量控制阀、蓄热器、第三流量控制阀、太阳能锅炉系统依次连接；太阳能锅炉系统与第五流量控制阀、制冷装置、冷输出装置依次相连；制冷装置与冷却塔、冷却水泵依次连接；系统由控制系统实现自动化控制。The concentrating solar heat, power and cooling cogeneration system includes a solar heat collection field, a first flow control valve, a second flow control valve, a heat accumulator, a third flow control valve, a solar boiler system, a fourth flow control valve, and a fifth flow control valve. Control valves, refrigeration devices, cooling towers, cooling water pumps, cold output devices, condensate pumps, condensers, control systems, power transmission and transformation devices, heat output devices, steam turbine power generation devices; solar thermal field and the first flow control valve, solar energy The boiler system, the fourth flow control valve, the steam turbine power generation device, and the heat output device are connected in sequence; The thermal field is sequentially connected with the second flow control valve, heat accumulator, third flow control valve, and solar boiler system; the solar boiler system is sequentially connected with the fifth flow control valve, refrigeration device, and cold output device; the refrigeration device is connected with the cooling tower, The cooling water pumps are connected sequentially; the system is automatically controlled by the control system.
所述的太阳能集热场集热方式为聚光式，聚光式包括槽式、碟式和塔式。所述的太阳能集热场模块化为高温集热场和中温集热场，高温集热场热媒为高温导热油或熔盐，中温集热场热媒为水或纳米流体。所述的蓄热器包括高温蓄热器和中温蓄热器，蓄热介质为矿物熔盐或高温油。所述的太阳能锅炉系统包括蒸汽发生器和过热器。所述的制冷装置为吸收式双效溴化锂制冷机组。所述的冷却塔为盐水冷却塔、湿式冷却塔或干式冷却塔。所述的汽轮机发电装置采用抽汽方式。The heat collection method of the solar heat collection field is a concentrating type, and the concentrating type includes a trough type, a dish type and a tower type. The solar heat collection field is modularized into a high-temperature heat collection field and a medium-temperature heat collection field. The heat medium of the high-temperature heat collection field is high-temperature heat transfer oil or molten salt, and the heat medium of the medium-temperature heat collection field is water or nanofluid. The heat accumulator includes a high temperature heat accumulator and a medium temperature heat accumulator, and the heat storage medium is mineral molten salt or high temperature oil. The solar boiler system includes a steam generator and a superheater. The refrigerating device is an absorption double-effect lithium bromide refrigerating unit. The cooling tower is a brine cooling tower, a wet cooling tower or a dry cooling tower. The steam turbine power generation device adopts a steam extraction method.
本发明利用能量梯级利用原理，通过热电冷多联产方式，实现太阳能的梯级多途径利用，大大提高了太阳能的利用效率。与单一的太阳能光-电，光-热利用相比，系统综合效率达到30％以上的提高。同时，系统得到的产品多样化，可满足不同的需求，经济性更好。同时利用蓄热器保证系统的稳定运行调节，增加了运行的可靠性；采用盐水冷却塔等能够实现节水等节能环保效果。系统能源利用率高、成本低、经济性好、环保性好，能够实现低成本、高效率的运行，对工艺技术适应性强，适合商业化大规模运行。系统布局可与厂房屋顶等建筑相结合，实现太阳能与建筑一体化设计。The invention utilizes the principle of cascade utilization of energy, and realizes cascade multi-channel utilization of solar energy through the combined heat, electricity, and cooling method, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. Compared with single solar light-electricity and light-heat utilization, the comprehensive efficiency of the system can be increased by more than 30%. At the same time, the products obtained by the system are diversified, which can meet different needs and have better economy. At the same time, the heat accumulator is used to ensure the stable operation and adjustment of the system, which increases the reliability of the operation; the use of brine cooling towers can achieve energy saving and environmental protection effects such as water saving. The system has high energy utilization rate, low cost, good economy and environmental protection, and can realize low-cost and high-efficiency operation. It has strong adaptability to process technology and is suitable for large-scale commercial operation. The system layout can be combined with buildings such as factory roofs to realize the integrated design of solar energy and buildings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a concentrating solar heat, power and cooling cogeneration system;
图中：太阳能集热场1、第一流量控制阀1-1、第二流量控制阀1-2、蓄热器2、第三流量控制阀2-1、太阳能锅炉系统3、第四流量控制阀3-1、第五流量控制阀3-2、制冷装置4、冷却塔5、冷却水泵6、冷输出装置7、冷凝水泵8、冷凝器9、控制系统10、输变电装置11、热输出装置12、汽轮机发电装置13。In the figure: solar
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统包括太阳能集热场1、第一流量控制阀1-1、第二流量控制阀1-2、蓄热器2、第三流量控制阀2-1、太阳能锅炉系统3、第四流量控制阀3-1、第五流量控制阀3-2、制冷装置4、冷却塔5、冷却水泵6、冷输出装置7、冷凝水泵8、冷凝器9、控制系统10、输变电装置11、热输出装置12、汽轮机发电装置13；太阳能集热场1与第一流量控制阀1-1、太阳能锅炉系统3、第四流量控制阀3-1、汽轮机发电装置13、热输出装置12依次连接；汽轮机发电装置13与输变电装置11连接，汽轮机发电装置13乏汽出口与冷凝器9、冷凝水泵8、太阳能锅炉系统3依次连接，太阳能集热场1与第二流量控制阀1-2、蓄热器2、第三流量控制阀2-1、太阳能锅炉系统3依次连接；太阳能锅炉系统3与第五流量控制阀3-2、制冷装置4、冷输出装置7依次相连；制冷装置4与冷却塔5、冷却水泵6依次连接；系统由控制系统10实现自动化控制。As shown in Figure 1, the concentrating solar cogeneration system includes a solar
所述的太阳能集热场1集热方式为聚光式，聚光式包括槽式、碟式和塔式。所述的太阳能集热场1模块化为高温集热场和中温集热场，高温集热场热媒为高温导热油或熔盐，中温集热场热媒为水或纳米流体。所述的蓄热器2包括高温蓄热器和中温蓄热器，蓄热介质为矿物熔盐或高温油。所述的太阳能锅炉系统3包括蒸汽发生器和过热器。所述的制冷装置4为吸收式双效溴化锂制冷机组。所述的冷却塔5为盐水冷却塔、湿式冷却塔或干式冷却塔。所述的汽轮机发电装置6采用抽汽方式。The heat collection method of the solar
聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统工作原理如下：太阳能集热场高温和中温模块分别聚光加热热媒，热媒通过第一流量控制阀和第二流量控制阀，分别进入太阳能锅炉系统和蓄热器进行换热；高温热媒分别与过热器和高温蓄热器进行换热，中温热媒分别与蒸汽发生器和中温蓄热器进行换热。当系统发生波动，蓄热器通过第三流量控制阀向太阳能锅炉系统供热，提高系统的稳定性。太阳能锅炉系统过热器产生的高温高压蒸汽，经第四流量控制阀进入汽轮机发电装置进行发电，最后经输变电装置向电网供电。汽轮机乏汽经冷凝器冷凝后，冷却水泵将冷凝水输送到锅炉蒸汽发生器。汽轮机发电装置的中低压缸采用抽汽方式向热输出装置提供热中高温蒸汽需求，实现供热。太阳能锅炉系统通过第五流量控制阀向制冷装置双效溴化锂制冷机组提供蒸汽热源，双效溴化锂制冷机组生产的冷量通过冷输出装置提供冷源需求，实现供冷。制冷装置冷凝器中的冷却水通过冷却塔进行冷却后通过冷却水泵送入冷却装置进行冷却换热。控制系统实现太阳能追踪，集热系统、发电系统、供热系统、制冷系统等的集成控制，提高自动化运行水平。The working principle of the concentrating solar heat, power and cooling cogeneration system is as follows: the high temperature and medium temperature modules of the solar heat collecting field respectively concentrate and heat the heat medium, and the heat medium enters the solar boiler system and the storage tank respectively through the first flow control valve and the second flow control valve. The heat exchanger performs heat exchange; the high-temperature heat medium exchanges heat with the superheater and the high-temperature heat accumulator respectively, and the medium-temperature heat medium exchanges heat with the steam generator and the medium-temperature heat accumulator respectively. When the system fluctuates, the accumulator supplies heat to the solar boiler system through the third flow control valve to improve the stability of the system. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the superheater of the solar boiler system enters the steam turbine power generation device through the fourth flow control valve to generate power, and finally supplies power to the grid through the power transmission and transformation device. After the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is condensed by the condenser, the cooling water pump transports the condensed water to the boiler steam generator. The medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine power generation unit use the steam extraction method to provide heat to the heat output device with medium and high temperature steam demand to realize heat supply. The solar boiler system provides steam heat source to the double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit of the refrigeration device through the fifth flow control valve, and the cooling capacity produced by the double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit provides the cold source demand through the cold output device to realize cooling. The cooling water in the condenser of the refrigeration device is cooled by the cooling tower and then sent to the cooling device by the cooling water pump for cooling and heat exchange. The control system realizes solar tracking, integrated control of heat collection system, power generation system, heating system, refrigeration system, etc., and improves the level of automatic operation.
聚光式太阳能热电冷联产系统可分为太阳能集热蓄热系统、太阳能锅炉蒸汽发电系统、余热利用系统、制冷系统四部分。The concentrating solar heat, power and cooling cogeneration system can be divided into four parts: solar heat collection and heat storage system, solar boiler steam power generation system, waste heat utilization system, and refrigeration system.
太阳能集热蓄热系统：太阳能集热场高温和中温模块分别聚光加热热媒，产生不同温度品位的热能；热媒通过第一流量控制阀和第二流量控制阀，分别进入太阳能锅炉系统和蓄热器进行换热；高温热媒分别同过热器和高温蓄热器进行换热，中温热媒分别同蒸汽发生器和中温蓄热器进行换热。蓄热器中的高温蓄热器和低温蓄热器部分别存储不同温度品位的热能，当系统发生波动，蓄热器通过第三流量控制阀向太阳能锅炉系统供热，提高系统的稳定性。Solar heat collection and heat storage system: the high temperature and medium temperature modules of the solar heat collection field respectively concentrate and heat the heat medium to generate heat energy of different temperature grades; the heat medium enters the solar boiler system and the The heat accumulator performs heat exchange; the high-temperature heat medium exchanges heat with the superheater and the high-temperature heat accumulator respectively, and the medium-temperature heat medium exchanges heat with the steam generator and the medium-temperature heat accumulator respectively. The high-temperature heat accumulator and the low-temperature heat accumulator in the heat accumulator store heat energy of different temperature grades respectively. When the system fluctuates, the heat accumulator supplies heat to the solar boiler system through the third flow control valve to improve the stability of the system.
太阳能锅炉蒸汽发电系统：从太阳能集热场加热的热媒分别在锅炉内的蒸汽发生器和过热器内进行换热，产生饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽，过热蒸汽经第四流量控制阀进入汽轮机进行发电，最后经输变电装置向电网供电。汽轮机乏汽经冷凝器冷凝后，冷却水泵将冷凝水输送到锅炉蒸汽发生器。Solar boiler steam power generation system: The heat medium heated from the solar heat collecting field performs heat exchange in the steam generator and superheater in the boiler respectively to generate saturated steam and superheated steam, and the superheated steam enters the steam turbine through the fourth flow control valve for power generation , and finally supply power to the grid through the power transmission and transformation device. After the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is condensed by the condenser, the cooling water pump transports the condensed water to the boiler steam generator.
余热利用系统：汽轮机发电装置中低压缸采用抽汽方式向热输出装置提供热中高温蒸汽需求，实现供热。Waste heat utilization system: The medium and low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine power generation unit adopts steam extraction method to provide the heat output device with high temperature steam demand to realize heat supply.
制冷系统：太阳能锅炉系统通过第五流量控制阀向制冷装置双效溴化锂制冷机组提供蒸汽热源，双效溴化锂制冷机组生产的冷量通过冷输出装置提供冷源需求，实现供冷。制冷装置冷凝器中的冷却水通过冷却塔进行冷却后通过冷却水泵进入冷却装置进行冷却换热。本系统中特别采用盐水冷却塔进行换热，能够达到节水节能的环保作用。Refrigeration system: The solar boiler system provides steam heat source to the double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit of the refrigeration device through the fifth flow control valve, and the cooling capacity produced by the double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit provides cold source demand through the cold output device to realize cooling. The cooling water in the condenser of the refrigeration device is cooled by the cooling tower and then enters the cooling device through the cooling water pump for cooling and heat exchange. In this system, the salt water cooling tower is specially used for heat exchange, which can achieve the environmental protection effect of saving water and energy.
本发明通过利用不同技术途径的太阳能集热模块通过太阳能锅炉系统得到不同品位的蒸汽，利用高品位的蒸汽热能进行发电，中低品位的蒸汽热能直接供热和热源制冷，实现能量的梯级优化利用，提高太阳能的利用率。同时采用蓄热器保证系统的稳定运行，特别采用盐水冷却塔实现节能节水的环保目的。此外本系统布局可与厂房屋顶等建筑相结合，实现太阳能与建筑一体化设计。本系统根据热电冷需求进行优化，可实现太阳能高效、低成本的商业化运行。The present invention obtains steam of different grades through the solar boiler system by using solar heat collecting modules of different technical approaches, utilizes high-grade steam heat energy to generate electricity, and uses medium and low-grade steam heat energy to directly supply heat and heat source for refrigeration, so as to realize cascade optimization utilization of energy , improve the utilization rate of solar energy. At the same time, the heat accumulator is used to ensure the stable operation of the system, and the brine cooling tower is especially used to achieve the environmental protection purpose of energy saving and water saving. In addition, the layout of this system can be combined with buildings such as factory roofs to realize the integrated design of solar energy and buildings. The system is optimized according to the demand for thermal power cooling, which can realize the commercial operation of solar energy with high efficiency and low cost.
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