CN101787503B - Device and method for preparing nanometer fiber orientation and location reinforced metal-based composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a nanofiber orientation and localization reinforced metal-matrix composite material preparation device and a preparation method, which are used to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the metal-matrix composite material is prepared by three processes. Integrated design of mould, smelting device, and electromagnetic generation system, using electromagnetic field to realize uniform stirring of composite materials, pre-orientation of nanofibers and determination of reinforced areas of nanofibers, one-time rapid forming of nanofiber orientation and localized reinforced metal matrix through extrusion Composite parts. The invention adopts the combination of electromagnetic pre-orientation and extrusion orientation to realize the directional orientation of fibers in the fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite material, and can manufacture high-performance anisotropic composite material parts at one time and at low cost. Through the AC-DC conversion of the coil power supply, the two processes of uniform stirring and fiber orientation on demand are conveniently completed, so that the reinforcing fiber and metal in the mold cavity are evenly mixed and oriented.

Description

Nanofiber Oriented and Localized Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Material Preparation Device and Preparation Method

technical field

The invention relates to a metal matrix composite material preparation device, in particular to a nanofiber orientation and localization reinforced metal matrix composite material preparation device. It also relates to a method for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites.

Background technique

Nanofibers have special structures and excellent properties, and nanofiber-reinforced metal matrix composites with excellent comprehensive properties can be prepared by using them as reinforcing materials. However, the distribution state of nanofibers in the matrix will have an important impact on the strengthening behavior of composite materials. When the fibers are distributed in a directional manner in the matrix, the strengthening effect obtained is much higher than that of three-dimensional random distribution, and for special functional components, only It needs local composite reinforcement. It can be seen that in order to maximize the reinforcing effect of nanofibers on the metal matrix and fully improve the designability of composite materials, it is necessary to control the distribution of fibers according to the stress characteristics of components during the preparation process. However, due to the strong van der Waals force between the nano-short fibers, it is easy to agglomerate, which makes it difficult to disperse the nano-fibers uniformly in the composite material, and it is difficult to realize the random orientation of short nano-fibers in the current preparation method of metal matrix composites. Fibers implement directional and localized reinforcement.

The document "Fiber orientation and wear characteristics of aluminum silicate/ZL109 composite materials, Li Wenfang, Huang Yueshan, Meng Jilong, Zeng Meiqin. Materials Science and Engineering, 1999, 17(2): 14-17" discloses a fiber A method for preparing a directional reinforced metal matrix composite material. In the method, a prefabricated piece with directional distribution of fibers is prepared by an extrusion method, and then the prefabricated body is sintered, and finally a fiber directional reinforced metal matrix composite material block is made by a liquid infiltration method. However, the preparation of fiber-oriented reinforced metal matrix composites by this method requires three processes: preform preparation, preform sintering, and liquid infiltration. The preform preparation device used includes a punch 1, a die barrel 4, a forming die 6, For the mixture 17 and the prefabricated body 18, first mix fibers with a diameter of about 3 to 5 μm with additives and binders with good fluidity according to a certain volume fraction, and put the mixture 17 in the die barrel 4. The mold 1 goes down and extrudes at normal temperature. With the flow of the mixture 17, the fibers rotate inside it and tend to the flow direction to form a preform 18 with directional distribution of fibers, and then place the preform 18 in a heating furnace 19 for sintering . The liquid impregnation device mainly includes a punch 1 and a die barrel 4. The sintered preform 18 is placed in the die barrel 4, and the molten metal 20 is poured on the preform 18. The punch 1 moves downward, and the metal under pressure The liquid 20 penetrates into the preform 18 to prepare a fiber-oriented reinforced metal matrix composite material.

The existing technology has the following disadvantages: it is difficult to realize the uniform distribution of nanofibers in the matrix metal; it can only realize the directional distribution of the reinforcing fibers in the matrix metal along the extrusion direction, and it is difficult to realize the simultaneous reinforcement of orientation and localization as required; and the whole preparation process It needs to be divided into three processes: preform preparation, preform sintering and liquid infiltration, and there are many operating steps.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology that the preparation of fiber-oriented reinforced metal matrix composites needs to be carried out step by step and that fiber localized reinforced metal matrix composites cannot be prepared, the present invention provides a preparation device for nanofiber oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites. Electromagnetic fields are used to achieve uniform stirring of composite materials, pre-orientation of nanofibers, and determination of reinforced areas of nanofibers, and then rapid formation of nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composite parts by extrusion.

The present invention also provides methods for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites using this device.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems: a nanofiber orientation and localization reinforced metal matrix composite material preparation device, including a punch 1, a die barrel 4 and a forming die 6, which is characterized in that it also includes a smelting device, Electromagnetic generation system, the melting device includes a B resistance heater 12, a crucible 13, the crucible 13 communicates with the pressure tank 16 through a pipeline equipped with a valve 15, and the B resistance heater 12 is placed around the crucible 13; the liquid inlet pipe 10 connects the melting device The crucible is connected with the mold cavity formed by the punch 1 and the die barrel 4, and the coil 5 is placed outside the resistance heater 3 of the extrusion die A; the electromagnetic generating system includes a coil 5 and a current source 11; two coils 5 terminals are electrically connected with two terminals of the current source 11 respectively, and the current generated by the current source 11 is passed into the coil 5 to form an electromagnetic field; 11-3, composed of switch K1 and switch K2, the two ends of the pulse power supply 11-2 are connected to the frequency conversion controller 11-3, one end of the frequency conversion controller 11-3 is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K1, and the other end is directly connected to To the coil 5; one end of the DC power supply 11-1 is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K2, and the other end is directly connected to the coil 5; through the opening and closing adjustment of the switch K1 and the switch K2, the AC-DC conversion of the coil power supply is realized; Described die barrel 4 is placed on the lower backing plate 7, and forming die 6 is a cylinder with a through hole in the middle, placed in the die barrel 4 and on the lower backing plate 7, the outer wall of forming die 6 and the concave The inner wall of the mold barrel 4 adopts clearance fit; the mandrel 9 is placed in the through hole of the forming die 6, and an extrusion cavity is formed between the mandrel 9 and the forming die 6; the spacer 2 is located on the die barrel 4, and its outer The diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the die barrel 4; the punch 1 is placed on the pad 2, and its outer diameter and the inner diameter of the die barrel 4 meet the clearance fit; the cooling device 8 is placed on the lower backing plate 7, and the outer wall of the die barrel 4 Below, the A resistance heater 3 is located above the cooling device 8 and is sleeved on the outer wall of the die barrel 4 .

A method for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites using the above-mentioned device, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Step 1: Mix the metal raw material and the conductive nanofiber raw material according to the volume fraction ratio of 50:1 to 200:1, then put them into the crucible 13, lower the punch 1 and press the pad 2 to seal;

Step 2: Close the valve 15 that controls the air pressure input, start the temperature control system, heat the A resistance heater 3 for 1-2 hours, control the temperature of the die barrel 4 at 400-600 °C, and B the resistance heater 12 for 2-3 hours, Control the temperature of the crucible 13 at 650-1100°C to melt all the metal raw materials;

Step 3: Open the valve 15, ventilate the crucible 13 with pressure, the pressure is controlled between 0.3-0.5 MPa, and press the molten metal raw material and the nanofiber mixture into the die barrel 4 with pressure;

Step 4: Close the switch K1, turn on the switch K2, apply pulse power to the coil 5, and control the pulse magnetic field within 0.5-3T, so that the nanofibers and molten metal form agitation under the action of the alternating magnetic field, and keep it for 10-20 minutes , after the nanofibers are evenly distributed in the molten metal, open K1, close K2, apply a DC power supply to the coil 5 to generate a static magnetic field, and control the magnetic field within 1-5T, and keep it for 5-10 minutes;

Step 5: Start the cooling device 8, and when the semi-solid temperature of the composite material is between 420°C and 1083°C, remove the mandrel 9 and the block 2, and the punch 1 goes down, using the composite material and the forming die 6 and the mandrel 9, the quantitative orientation of carbon nanofibers is realized, and the metal matrix composite parts reinforced by nanofiber orientation and localization are obtained.

The metal raw material is any one of Al, Cu, Ti or easily oxidizable Mg.

The nanofiber raw material is any one of single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers whose size is less than 100 nm.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the combination of electromagnetic pre-orientation and extrusion orientation can realize the on-demand orientation of fibers in fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite materials, and can manufacture high-performance anisotropic composite materials at one time and at low cost. pieces. The coil power supply can achieve AC-DC conversion, which facilitates the two processes of uniform stirring and fiber orientation on demand, so that the reinforcing fiber and metal in the cavity are evenly mixed and then oriented. In addition, the magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic force on the fiber can be adjusted at will according to the current intensity of the control power supply, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the fiber reinforced area.

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the extrusion cavity when preparing the nanofiber radially oriented reinforced composite material in specific example 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the extrusion cavity when preparing the nanofiber circumferentially oriented reinforced composite material in specific example 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the extrusion cavity when preparing the nanofiber axially oriented reinforced composite material in specific example 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a preform preparation device in the prior art.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a preform sintering device in the prior art.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid impregnation device in the prior art.

In the figure, 1-punch, 2-pad, 3-A resistance heater, 4-die barrel, 5-coil, 6-forming die, 7-lower plate, 8-cooling device, 9-mandrel , 10-liquid inlet pipe, 11-current source, 11-1-DC power supply, 11-2-pulse power supply, 11-3-frequency conversion controller, 12-B resistance heater, 13-crucible, 14-composite material blank , 15-valve, 16-pressure tank, 17-mixture, 18-preform, 19-heating furnace, 20-liquid metal, 21-composite material.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the device for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites in this embodiment is composed of an extrusion die, a smelting device, and an electromagnetic generation system. The interconnection relationship is as follows: The device communicates with the mold cavity of the extrusion die through the liquid inlet pipe 10, and the electromagnetic generating device is placed outside the extrusion die.

Described extrusion die comprises punch 1, cushion block 2, A resistance heater 3, die barrel 4, forming mold 6, lower backing plate 7, cooling device 8 and mandrel 9; Described die barrel 4 places On the lower backing plate 7, the forming die 6 is a cylinder with a through hole in the middle. It is placed in the die barrel 4 and on the lower backing plate 7 at the same time. The gap fit is adopted; the mandrel 9 is placed in the through hole of the forming die 6, and an extrusion cavity is formed between the mandrel 9 and the forming die 6. The diameter is a shrinking flow channel with large ends and a small middle, so that the fibers are oriented radially under the action of shearing and stretching (see Figure 2); the pad 2 is located on the die barrel 4, and its outer diameter is larger than the die barrel 4 inner diameter; the punch 1 is placed on the pad 2, and its outer diameter and the inner diameter of the die barrel 4 meet the clearance fit tolerance; the cooling device 8 is set at the position corresponding to the extrusion cavity under the outer wall of the die barrel 4, and at the same time Placed on the lower backing plate 7, the A resistance heater 3 is located above the cooling device 8, and is also set on the outer wall of the die barrel 4.

Described smelting device comprises B resistance heater 12, crucible 13, valve 15 and pressure tank 16; Wherein, pressure tank 16 is connected with crucible 13 by the pipeline that valve 15 is installed, and B resistance heater 12 is placed around crucible 13.

The electromagnetic generating system includes a coil 5 and a current source 11; the two ends of the coil 5 are electrically connected to two terminals of the current source 11 respectively, and the current generated by the current source 11 passes into the coil 5 to form an electromagnetic field; the current source 11 is composed of DC power supply 11-1, pulse power supply 11-2, frequency conversion controller 11-3, switch K1 and switch K2, the two ends of the pulse power supply 11-2 are connected to frequency conversion controller 11-3, frequency conversion controller 11 One end of -3 is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K1, and the other end is directly connected to the coil 5; one end of the DC power supply 11-1 is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K2, and the other end is directly connected to the coil 5; through the switch The opening and closing adjustment of K1 and switch K2 realizes the AC-DC conversion of the coil power supply.

A method for preparing nanofiber orientation and localization reinforced aluminum matrix composites, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: First, mix LY12 aluminum alloy and conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 10nm and a length of 200nm according to the volume fraction ratio of 50:1 and put them into the crucible 13; lower the punch 1 to press the pad 2 to seal ;

Step 2: Close the valve 15 that controls the air pressure input, start the temperature control system, heat the A resistance heater 3 for 1 hour, control the temperature of the die barrel 4 at 400°C, and heat the B resistance heater 12 for 2 hours, and control the temperature of the crucible 13 at 650°C ℃ to melt all the raw materials of LY12 aluminum alloy;

Step 3: Open the valve 15, ventilate the crucible, the pressure is controlled at 0.3 MPa, and press the mixture of molten LY12 aluminum alloy and single-wall carbon nanotubes into the die barrel 4 with pressure;

Step 4: Close the switch K1, turn on the switch K2, apply pulse power to the coil 5, and control the pulse magnetic field at 0.5T, so that the single-walled carbon nanotubes and the molten LY12 aluminum alloy form agitation under the action of the alternating magnetic field, and keep it for 10 Minutes, after the single-walled carbon nanotubes are evenly distributed in the molten LY12 aluminum alloy, open K1, close K2, and supply a DC power supply to the coil 5 to generate a static magnetic field. The magnetic field is controlled at 1T and kept for 5 minutes. The difference in conductivity between liquids enables single-walled carbon nanotubes to be pre-orientated along the magnetic field direction in LY12 aluminum alloy liquid, and realizes area enhancement;

Step 5: Start the cooling device 8, and when the composite material is cooled to a semi-solid temperature of 420°C, remove the mandrel 9 and the spacer 2, and the punch 1 goes down, using the shear between the composite material and the forming die 6 and the mandrel 9 The radial orientation of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is realized under the action of shear force, and the aluminum matrix composite pipe parts of the single-walled carbon nanotubes oriented and localized reinforced LY12 aluminum alloy are prepared.

Embodiment 2: Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the device for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites in this embodiment is composed of an extrusion die, a smelting device, and an electromagnetic generation system. The interconnection relationship is as follows: The device communicates with the mold cavity of the extrusion die through the liquid inlet pipe 10, and the electromagnetic generating device is placed outside the extrusion die.

Described extrusion die comprises punch 1, cushion block 2, A resistance heater 3, die barrel 4, forming mold 6, lower backing plate 7, cooling device 8 and mandrel 9; Described die barrel 4 places On the lower backing plate 7, the forming die 6 is a cylinder with a through hole in the middle. It is placed in the die barrel 4 and on the lower backing plate 7 at the same time. A gap fit is adopted; the mandrel 9 is placed in the through hole of the forming die 6, and an extrusion cavity is formed between the mandrel 9 and the forming die 6. The annular diameter of the extrusion cavity keeps the thickness of the flow channel constant at the lower end of the mandrel 9, so that the fibers are oriented in the circumferential direction under the action of shearing and stretching (see Figure 3); the pad 2 is located on the die barrel 4, Its outer diameter is greater than the inner diameter of the die barrel 4; the punch 1 is placed on the cushion block 2, and its outer diameter and the inner diameter of the die barrel 4 meet the clearance fit tolerance; the cooling device 8 is set under the outer wall of the die barrel 4 and extruded The corresponding position of the cavity is placed on the lower backing plate 7 at the same time, and the A resistance heater 3 is located above the cooling device 8 and is also sleeved on the outer wall of the die barrel 4 .

Described smelting device comprises B resistance heater 12, crucible 13, valve 15 and pressure tank 16; Wherein, pressure tank 16 is connected with crucible 13 by the pipeline that valve 15 is installed, and B resistance heater 12 is placed around crucible 13.

The electromagnetic generating system includes a coil 5 and a current source 11; the two ends of the coil 5 are electrically connected to two terminals of the current source 11 respectively, and the current generated by the current source 11 passes into the coil 5 to form an electromagnetic field; the current source 11 is composed of DC power supply 11-1, pulse power supply 11-2, frequency conversion controller 11-3, switch K1 and switch K2, the two ends of the pulse power supply 11-2 are connected to frequency conversion controller 11-3, frequency conversion controller 11 One end of -3 is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K1, and the other end is directly connected to the coil 5; one end of the DC power supply 11-1 is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K2, and the other end is directly connected to the coil 5; through the switch The opening and closing adjustment of K1 and switch K2 realizes the AC-DC conversion of the coil power supply.

A method for preparing nanofiber orientation and localized reinforced magnesium-based composite materials, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: First, AZ91D magnesium alloy and conductive carbon nanofiber raw materials with a diameter of 150nm and a length of 10um are mixed according to the volume fraction ratio of 100:1 and then loaded into the crucible 13; the punch 1 is lowered to press the pad 2 to seal;

Step 2: Close the valve 15 that controls the air pressure input, start the temperature control system, heat the A resistance heater 3 for 1.5 hours, control the temperature of the die barrel 4 at 500°C, and heat the B resistance heater 12 for 2.5 hours, and control the temperature of the crucible 13 at 700°C ℃, so that the AZ91D magnesium alloy raw materials are completely melted;

Step 3: Open the valve 15, ventilate the crucible, the pressure is controlled at 0.4MPa, and press the molten AZ91D magnesium alloy and carbon nanofiber mixture into the die barrel 4 with pressure;

Step 4: Close the switch K1, turn on the switch K2, apply pulse power to the coil 5, and control the pulse magnetic field at 2T, so that the carbon nanofibers and the molten AZ91D magnesium alloy form agitation under the action of the alternating magnetic field, and keep it for 15 minutes. After the carbon nanofibers are evenly distributed in the molten AZ91D magnesium alloy, open K1, close K2, and supply a DC power supply to the coil 5 to generate a static magnetic field. The magnetic field is controlled at 3T and kept for 8 minutes. difference, to achieve pre-orientation of carbon nanofibers along the direction of the magnetic field in the AZ91D magnesium alloy liquid, and to achieve regional reinforcement;

Step 5: Start the cooling device 8, and when the composite material is cooled to a semi-solid temperature of 450°C, remove the mandrel 9 and the spacer 2, and the punch 1 goes down, using the shear between the composite material and the forming die 6 and the mandrel 9 The shear force can realize the circumferential orientation of carbon nanofibers, and the magnesium matrix composite tubular parts of carbon nanofibers orientation and localization reinforcement AZ91D can be prepared.

Embodiment 3: Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the device for preparing nanofiber-oriented and localized reinforced metal matrix composites in this embodiment is composed of an extrusion die, a smelting device, and an electromagnetic generation system. The interconnection relationship is as follows: The device communicates with the mold cavity of the extrusion die through the liquid inlet pipe 10, and the electromagnetic generating device is placed outside the extrusion die.

Described extrusion die comprises punch 1, cushion block 2, electric resistance heater 3, die barrel 4, forming die 6, lower backing plate 7, cooling device 8; Described die barrel 4 is placed in lower backing plate 7 Above, the forming die 6 is a cylinder with a through hole in the middle, which is placed inside the die barrel 4 and on the lower backing plate 7 at the same time, and the outer wall of the forming die 6 and the inner wall of the die barrel 4 adopt clearance fit; The block 2 is located on the die barrel 4, and its outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the die barrel 4; the punch 1 is placed on the cushion block 2, and its outer diameter and the inner diameter of the die barrel 4 meet the clearance fit tolerance; the lower end of the punch 1 The middle part adopts a convex V-shaped structure, combined with the through hole in the middle of the forming die 6, so that the fibers are oriented axially under the action of shearing and stretching (see Figure 4); the cooling device 8 is set under the outer wall of the die barrel 4 and the extrusion cavity The corresponding position of the cavity is also placed on the lower backing plate 7, and the resistance heater 3 is located above the cooling device 8, and is also sleeved on the outer wall of the die barrel 4.

Described smelting device comprises B resistance heater 12, crucible 13, valve 15 and pressure tank 16; Wherein, pressure tank 16 is connected with crucible 13 by the pipeline that valve 15 is installed, and B resistance heater 12 is placed around crucible 13.

The electromagnetic generating system includes a coil 5 and a current source 11; the two ends of the coil 5 are electrically connected to two terminals of the current source 11 respectively, and the current generated by the current source 11 passes into the coil 5 to form an electromagnetic field; the current source 11 is composed of a pulse power supply, a frequency conversion controller, a DC power supply, a switch K1 and a switch K2. Both ends of the pulse power supply are connected to a frequency conversion controller, one end of the frequency conversion controller is connected to the coil 5 through a switch K1, and the other end is directly connected to On the coil 5; one end of the DC power supply is connected to the coil 5 through the switch K2, and the other end is directly connected to the coil 5; the AC-DC conversion of the coil power supply is realized by adjusting the opening and closing of the switch K1 and the switch K2.

A method for preparing nanofiber orientation and localization reinforced copper-based composite materials, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: First, mix copper and conductive double-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 50nm and a length of 1um according to the volume fraction ratio of 200:1 and then put them into the crucible 13; lower the punch 1 to press the pad 2 to seal;

Step 2: Close the valve 15 that controls the air pressure input, start the temperature control system, heat the A resistance heater 3 for 2 hours, control the temperature of the die barrel 4 at 600°C, and heat the B resistance heater 12 for 3 hours, and control the temperature of the crucible 13 at 1100°C ℃, so that all the copper raw materials are melted;

Step 3: Open the valve 15, ventilate the crucible with a pressure of 0.5 MPa, and press the mixture of molten Cu and double-walled carbon nanotubes into the die barrel 4 with pressure;

Step 4: Close the switch K1, turn on the switch K2, apply pulse power to the coil 5, and control the pulse magnetic field at 3T, so that the double-walled carbon nanotubes and molten copper form agitation under the action of the alternating magnetic field, and keep it for 20 minutes. After the double-walled carbon nanotubes are evenly distributed in the molten copper, open K1, close K2, and supply a DC power supply to the coil 5 to generate a static magnetic field. The magnetic field is controlled at 5T and maintained for 10 minutes. difference, to achieve pre-orientation of double-walled carbon nanotubes along the direction of the magnetic field in copper liquid, and to achieve regional enhancement;

Step 5: Start the cooling device 8, and when the composite material is cooled to a semi-solid temperature of 1083°C, remove the mandrel 9 and the spacer 2, and the punch 1 goes down, using the shear between the composite material, the punch 1 and the forming die 6 The axial orientation of the double-walled carbon nanotubes is realized under the action of a shear force, and a copper-based composite material rod product with double-walled carbon nanotubes orientation and localization reinforcement is prepared.

Claims (5)

1. the directed and location reinforced metal-based composite material preparation facilities of a nanofiber; Comprise punch (1), die bucket (4) and shaping die (6); It is characterized in that: comprise that also smelting apparatus, electromagnetism produce system, said smelting apparatus comprises B resistance heater (12), crucible (13); Crucible (13) is communicated with crucible (13) placed around B resistance heater (12) through the pipeline that valve (15) is installed with air pressure tank (16); Liquid-inlet pipe (10) is connected the crucible of smelting apparatus with the die cavity that punch (1) and die bucket (4) form, coil (5) places the outside of extrusion mould A resistance heater (3); Said electromagnetism generation system comprises coil (5) and current source (11); The two ends of coil (5) are electrically connected with two terminals of current source (11) respectively, and the electric current that current source (11) produces is passed into and forms EM field in the coil (5); Said current source (11) is made up of direct supply (11-1), the pulse power (11-2), frequency-variable controller (11-3), K switch 1 and K switch 2; The two ends of the said pulse power (11-2) connect frequency-variable controller (11-3); One end of frequency-variable controller (11-3) is connected on the coil (5) through K switch 1, and the other end is directly connected on the coil (5); One end of direct supply (11-1) is connected on the coil (5) through K switch 2, and the other end is directly connected on the coil (5); Through folding adjustment, realize the AC-DC conversion of coil power to switch K1 and K switch 2; Said die bucket (4) places on the lower bolster (7), and shaping die (6) is the right cylinder that there is through hole a centre, places within the die bucket (4), on the lower bolster (7), and the inwall of the outer wall of shaping die (6) and die bucket (4) adopts running fit; Mandrel (9) places the through hole of shaping die (6), forms the extruding cavity between mandrel (9) and the shaping die (6); Cushion block (2) is positioned on the die bucket (4), and its external diameter is greater than die bucket (4) internal diameter; Punch (1) places on the cushion block (2), and the internal diameter of its external diameter and die bucket (4) satisfies running fit; Refrigerating unit (8) places on the lower bolster (7), die bucket (4) outer wall below, and A resistance heater (3) is positioned at refrigerating unit (8) top, is enclosed within the outer wall of die bucket (4).

2. a method that adopts the said device of claim 1 to prepare nanofiber orientation and location reinforced metal-based composite material is characterized in that comprising the steps:

Step 1: in the crucible (13) of packing into after by volume fraction scale was mixed in 50: 1～200: 1 with the nanofiber raw material of raw metal and conduction, fall punch (1) and compress cushion block (2) and seal;

Step 2: the valve (15) of closing control air pressure input; The start-up temperature system; A resistance heater (3) heating 1～2 hour, control die bucket (4) temperature is at 400～600 ℃, and B resistance heater (12) heated 2～3 hours; Control crucible (13) temperature all melts raw metal at 650～1100 ℃;

Step 3: open valve (15), give ventilation pressure in the crucible (13), pressure-controlling is pressed into molten metal raw material and nanofiber mixtinite in the die bucket (4) with pressure between 0.3～0.5MPa;

Step 4: close down K switch 1, open K switch 2, apply the pulse power for coil (5); Pulsed magnetic field is controlled in 0.5～3T, makes nanofiber and molten metal under the effect of alternating magnetic field, form stirring, and keeps 10～20 minutes; Treat that nanofiber behind the uniform distribution, opens K1 in molten metal, close down K2; Impose direct supply for coil (5) and produce static magnetic field, magnetic field is controlled in 1～5T, and keeps 5～10 minutes;

Step 5: start refrigerating unit (8); In the time of between 420 ℃～1083 ℃ of the semi-solid temperature to matrix material to be cooled; Remove mandrel (9) and cushion block (2), punch (1) is descending, utilizes the shear action between matrix material and shaping die (6) and the punch (1); Realize the quantitative orientation of carbon nano fiber, obtain the directed and localization enhanced metal-base composites product of nanofiber.

3. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said raw metal is any of Al, Cu, Ti or Mg.

4. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said nanofiber raw material is any of SWCN, double-walled carbon nano-tube or carbon nanofiber.

5. according to claim 2 or 4 described preparing methods, it is characterized in that: said nanofiber raw materials size is less than 100nm.

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