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CN101784762B - Regeneration method for ceramic honeycomb structures - Google Patents

Regeneration method for ceramic honeycomb structures Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101784762B
CN101784762B CN2008801047826A CN200880104782A CN101784762B CN 101784762 B CN101784762 B CN 101784762B CN 2008801047826 A CN2008801047826 A CN 2008801047826A CN 200880104782 A CN200880104782 A CN 200880104782A CN 101784762 B CN101784762 B CN 101784762B
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particulate filter
diesel particulate
filter
equal
regeneration
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CN101784762A (en
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A·K·海贝尔
J·A·贾米森
P·M·谢林
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Corning Inc
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Corning Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0245—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by increasing temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1406—Exhaust gas pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A method for regenerating a diesel particulate filter includes elevating a temperature of a gas stream flowing into an inlet of the diesel particulate filter to greater than or equal to 450 DEG C of the inlet of the diesel particulate filter, wherein the gas stream at the inlet of the diesel particulate filter contains an amount of NOx of equal to or greater than 300 ppm, and an amount of O2 of equal to or greater than 5 % volume, thereby burning the soot within the diesel particulate filter. The method also includes elevating a temperature of the gas stream flowing into the inlet of the diesel particulate filter to less than or equal to 550 DEG C at the inlet of the diesel particulate filter, wherein a burn rate of soot from porous walls of the diesel particulate filter is greater than or equal to 3.8 grams/liter/hour.

Description

The regeneration method of ceramic honeycomb structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to ceramic honeycomb structure, such as the regeneration of diesel particulate filter, specifically, the present invention relates to the regeneration method of ceramic honeycomb body, the method comprises particulate matter, processes such as the charcoal soot in the diesel particulate filter.
Background technique
In order to make great efforts to reduce pollution of atmosphere, the composition that is discharged into the waste gas in the atmosphere that many national combustion motors produce has been formulated more and more stricter restriction.What diesel engine produced mainly contains harmful substances except a small amount of hydro carbons and carbon monoxide, also comprises nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter.
Up to now, people have proposed many methods, attempt to reduce or reduce as far as possible the amount of particulate matter contained in the waste gas that is discharged in the environment.A kind of method of such acquisition extensive use be with exhaust emission system that motor links to each other in diesel particulate filter or soot trap are set.In general, particulate filter is comprised of the parallel channels with porous wall that alternately stops up.Specifically, these filters generally include cellular structure, and the cross section cellular densities of this structure approximates or greater than 1/10 to 100 hole/square centimeter, it has some purposes, comprises solid particulate filter main body and stationary heat exchangers.These application need to be by the modes such as manifold hole sealing or obstruction honeycomb body structure is selected in the corresponding one or both ends of honeycomb body structure.The method of making various honeycomb body structures with the powder ingredients of plasticising is well-known, and described batching comprises the inorganic powder that is dispersed in the suitable tackiness agent.U. S. Patent the 3rd, 790,654; 3,885,977; With 3,905, the extrusion die, technique and the composition that are used for this manufacturing have been described, and U. S. Patent the 4th, 992,233 and 5,011 for No. 743, No. 529 the honeycomb ceramics with similar porous structure of extruding with the batching that is mixed with metallic dust has been described.
For example, Fig. 1 has shown a kind of well-known solid particulate 10.Described filter 10 comprises honeycomb body structure 12, and this honeycomb body structure 12 has shown the structure with circular cross section by the matrix composition of the stephanoporate thin wall 14 that intersects that is surrounded by outer wall 15 in the example.Wall 14 horizontal expansions, and at the first end 13 that comprises the first end face 18 with comprise between the second end 17 of the second opposite end face 20 and extending, form a large amount of adjacent hollow channel or ducts 22, also extend between the end face 18,20 of filter 10 in described passage or duct 22, and be open.In order to form filter 10 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), every duct 22 is at one end sealed, and the hole 22 of the first subgroup 24 is in the sealing of the first end face 18 places, and the hole of the second subgroup 26 seals at the second end face 20 places.Arbitrary face in the described end face 18,20 can be used as the inlet face of the filter 10 that makes.In the hole structure of routine, every to enter hole path adjacent with the tap hole passage in a side or many sides, and vice versa.Every hole path 22 can have foursquare cross section, perhaps can have other hole geometry, such as circle, rectangle, triangle, Hexagon etc.Diesel particulate filter can be made with stupalith, for example makes with steinheilite, aluminium titanates, mullite or silicon carbide.
In operation, the fluid of pollution is introduced inlet face (the arbitrary face in the end face 18,20) under pressurized conditions, enter filter 10 by the hole path 22 that has the open end at given inlet face.Because these hole paths 22 seal at opposite end face (being the exit face of filter), therefore force the fluid of pollution by stephanoporate thin wall 14, enter the adjacent hole path 22 of opening at the exit face place in the sealing of inlet face place.In the fluid those are excessive and can't be trapped by the solid particle pollutant of the porous perforate in the wall 14, and the fluid after the cleaning leaves filter 10 from tap hole passage 22.
Must every now and then the particulate matter of being collected by described particulate filter be removed, in order to keep the performance of filter, the performance of the motor that maintenance is relevant thus, and when helping prevent the particulate matter generation self ignition (self-priming) that is collected in the particulate trap and uncontrolled burning, particulate filter is damaged.For example, when a large amount of particulate matters were accumulated in particulate filter, specific drive condition may cause " critical " regeneration, and unexpected and uncontrolled burning occurs this particulate matter that comprises collection.Therefore can in the channel matrix of particulate filter, produce high temperature, filter is damaged.
Therefore by carrying out regenerative operation, the particulate matter of removing termly accumulation in the trap is useful.As mentioned above, regeneration is one of wall-flow type DPF technology necessary operation, avoids motor to damage by eliminating high back pressure, and has high fuel efficiency when guaranteeing power operation, keeps simultaneously efficient strainability.Regeneration generally includes the mode that makes the particulate matter burning of accumulating in the filter.This operation generally include make mainly the particulate matter that formed by carbon or charcoal soot with situation that the oxygen that comprises in the waste gas contacts under burn.But this specific reaction must be only occurs being approximately higher than under 600 ℃ the temperature, and this temperature is significantly higher than the temperature that particulate filter air inlet place records in the motor of normal operation.Therefore, people need to be by making relevant particulate matter burning, and foundation can cause the condition of filter regeneration.People propose and/or have adopted many methods, so that in the temperature of the air inlet place rising waste gas of particulate filter, to cause its regenerative process.
People adopt two kinds of regeneration method usually, comprise passive regeneration and initiative regeneration.Passive regeneration occurs in following situation: motor produced and was higher than 250 ℃ filter inlet temperature and the NO of capacity this moment, caused the charcoal soot by NO 2Oxidation.Need to use catalyzer that NO is converted into NO 2, to keep passive regeneration.Usually, the temperature range of passive regeneration is limited to 400 ℃ to 450 ℃, because NO 2Effect can be subject to the restriction of thermodynamical equilibrium.Initiative regeneration is a kind of obsessive regeneration, and this regeneration is higher than 500 ℃ so that the filter inlet temperature is elevated to, thereby so that the oxygen that most of charcoal soot is comprised in the waste gas burn.The diesel oxidation catalyst that many motors use fuel and are positioned at the particulate filter upstream reaches heat to 650 ℃ temperature.Described diesel oxidation catalyst is a kind of monolith substrate, wherein without any obstruction, uses HC and O 2Produce heat.Also have other motor to use buner system to produce heat, be used for initiative regeneration.Filter is used oxidation catalyst catalysis usually, to improve its regenerability, namely reaches lower regeneration temperature, and the amount that reduces the effulent of charcoal soot oxidation formation.
In the time of the soot that comprises necessary amounts in the waste gas and oxygen, the oxidation of soot can occur under the high energy temperature.Regenerating with oxygen needs temperature to be higher than 500-550 ℃, to increase most soot oxidation.But when temperature reached 550-650 ℃, the risk that the uncontrolled oxidation of soot occurs increased, and can cause quick release heat thus, and therefore causes high exothermic phenomenon.Usually the filter of soot overload can obtain to produce the condition of uncontrolled regeneration, perhaps regeneration condition has the risk that formula dynamics is accelerated, be high initial temperature, gas composition is beneficial to oxidation, and the degree of removing heat of being undertaken by absorption, convection current or conduction is not enough.Uncontrolled regeneration has the risk that filter is damaged by fusing and cracking.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that makes at least part of regeneration of diesel particulate filter, wherein said diesel particulate filter comprises entrance, outlet, and porous bodies, described porous bodies comprises a large amount of porous walls that are arranged between the entrance and exit, air-flow flows into described entrance, by described diesel particulate filter, flow out from entrance, described porous wall comprise a certain amount of be collected within the porous wall or on the charcoal soot, the temperature that the ingress that described method is included in diesel particulate filter will flow into the air-flow of diesel particulate filter is elevated to and is greater than or equal to 450 ℃, the air-flow of described diesel particulate filter entrance comprises the NOx of higher amount, and the O that is equal to or greater than 5 volume % 2Thereby, make the soot burnt in the diesel particulate filter.Preferably, the temperature of the air-flow of particulate filter ingress is greater than or equal to 450 ℃, more preferably 450 ℃ to 600 ℃, be more preferably and be about 450 ℃ to 575 ℃, be most preferably 450 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the content of NOx is preferably greater than or equal to 300ppm, more preferably greater than or equal 500ppm, most preferably more than or equal to 750ppm.
The temperature of air-flow that the ingress that another aspect of the inventive method is included in diesel particulate filter will flow into the entrance of diesel particulate filter is elevated to is less than or equal to 550 ℃, and the air-flow of diesel particulate filter ingress comprises the O that is equal to or greater than 5 volume % 2, from the velocity of combustion of the soot of porous wall preferably greater than or equal to 3.8 grams per liters/hour, more preferably greater than 4.2 grams per liters/hour, most preferably more than or equal to 4.6 grams per liters/hour.
The method that is used for making diesel particulate filter regeneration of the present invention with safety time-saving mode reduced be included within the diesel filter or on the amount of particulate matter.Specifically, can adopt to be lower than and cause the usually temperature range of required temperature of uncontrolled regeneration, make at least part of regeneration of relevant particulate filter, thereby the amount that will be collected in the particulate matter in the particulate filter reduces to certain level, under this level, can adopt the regeneration method of higher temperature, thereby make filter holomorphosis.In addition, for initiative regeneration, the time lag that loads soot can prolong, thereby so that the time lag between the regenerative operation is longer, fuel economy is better.Regeneration method of the present invention has improved the total actuated countermeasure of filter, and safer regeneration condition is provided, and can utilize more efficiently energy, has improved in the mode of safety and control the flexibility that more substantial soot loads in filter.When particulate matter was removed from filter, filter just obtained regeneration.
In disclosed mode of execution, preferably provide described a large amount of porous wall with cellular structure.Similarly, described diesel particulate filter is comprised of porous ceramic film material (for example steinheilite), is preferably formed by a large amount of porous walls that provide with honeycomb body structure.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of known honeycomb ceramics, and this honeycomb ceramics comprises the passage that extends longitudinally of a large amount of open-ended;
Fig. 2 is a kind of perspective view of known diesel particulate filter, and this filter comprises a large amount of passages that extend longitudinally that alternately stop up, and can regenerate by method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the end view of the known diesel particulate filter of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation that can be used for carrying out the diesel engine system of method of the present invention;
Fig. 5 schematically shown based on the impact of three kinds of different diesel particulate filter inlet temperatures on the soot heap(ed) capacity of various single hops and multistage regeneration method with the form of figure, represents with the variation relation of relative pressure drop recovery time;
Fig. 6 A and 6B are the plotted curves that adopts test result in the situation of higher and low NOx content;
Fig. 7 A and 7B are the thermal profile figure of two kinds of regeneration method, and described two kinds of regeneration method are included in respectively the regeneration of carrying out under the higher and low NOx content;
Fig. 8 illustrates in the process of regenerating under higher and lower NOx content condition, flows through the mobile comparative resistance of the air-flow of particulate filter;
Fig. 9 be time and oxygen concentration and with the plotted curve of relative current dynamic resistance (resistance), shown the benefit that oxygen content changes in the waste gas streams;
Figure 10 is the graph of a relation of inlet temperature and the regeneration efficiency of waste gas streams;
Figure 11 is the reclaiming process for segmentation, recovery time and waste gas streams inlet temperature and with the graph of a relation of comparative resistance and oxygen concentration;
The SCR that Figure 12 illustrates a mode of execution of the present invention's announcement removes NOx efficient;
Figure 13 illustrates the SCR ammonia conversion ratio of a mode of execution of the present invention's announcement.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Should understand the present invention and it is contemplated that various selectable orientations and step order, unless opposite clearly regulation is arranged.Should also be understood that concrete apparatus and method shown in the drawings and that describe are the illustrative embodiments of the principle of the present invention that defines in to appended claims in following specification.Therefore, should not think that concrete size and other physical propertys relevant with the mode of execution of this paper announcement are restrictive, unless clearly expression is arranged in the claim in addition.
Fig. 4 has shown the schematic representation of the diesel engine system 30 that can adopt the inventive method.Described diesel engine system 30 comprises compressor 31, diesel engine 32, turbine 34 and diesel particulate filter 36.Perhaps, described diesel engine system 30 can also comprise oxidation catalytic converter or diesel oxidation catalyst 38.Described diesel engine system 30 can also comprise except NOx device 46, install such as selective catalytic reduction (" SCR "), it injects waste gas streams with the fluid reducing agent of ammonia or urea and so in the presence of catalyzer, in order to by chemical reaction NOx is converted into H 2O and N 2Thereby, from air-flow, remove NOx.In operation, introduce air " A " and pass through compressor 31 to its compression, thereby by intake manifold 40 pressurized air is sent into diesel engine 32.By a plurality of fuel injectors 42 fuel " B " is injected diesel engine 32, burn with air.The waste gas that produces in cylinder is discharged from diesel engine 32 by gas exhaust manifold 44, and a part of waste gas flows in the turbine 34, and compressor 31 is returned in circulation again.Then waste gas " C " inflow exhaust gas after-treatment system, this system comprises diesel particulate filter 36, oxide filter preferably optionally also comprises oxidation catalytic converter 38, preferably also comprises except NOx device 46.
Regeneration method of the present invention is included in the particulate filter ingress and the temperature of waste gas streams is elevated to preferably is equal to or higher than 450 ℃, more preferably be equal to or higher than about 500 ℃, be more preferably 450 ℃ to 600 ℃, be more preferably again 450 ℃ to 575 ℃, most preferably 450 ℃ to 550 ℃, the NOx content in the described waste gas streams preferably is equal to or greater than 300ppm, more preferably greater than or equal 500ppm, most preferably more than or equal to 750ppm, O 2Content is preferably greater than or equal to 5 volume %, more preferably greater than or equal 7 volume %.The method can also be undertaken by the segmentation method of reproduction, the exhaust flow temperature of particulate filter ingress preferably kept 15 minutes at 450 ℃ to 550 ℃, then in the particulate filter ingress temperature of waste gas streams is elevated to and is greater than or equal to 550 ℃, in the second stage process, the content of the NOx of particulate filter ingress is less than or equal to 300ppm.In addition, when described method was used for the regeneration of oxide fine particle filter, the uncoated volume density of particulate filter was less than or equal to 700 grams per liters, was more preferably less than or equaled 600 grams per liters.
In some embodiments, described method preferably include with the rate of burning from the soot of the porous wall of particulate filter remain on preferably be greater than or equal to 3.8 grams per liters/hour, more preferably be greater than or equal to 4.2 grams per liters/hour, most preferably be greater than or equal to 4.6 grams per liters/hour, the content of NOx in the waste gas streams of described diesel particulate filter ingress preferably is equal to or greater than 300ppm, more preferably greater than or equal 500ppm, most preferably more than or equal to 750ppm.In addition, the method can also be undertaken by the segmentation method of reproduction, wherein be collected within the porous wall of particulate filter or on the rate of burning of soot preferably be less than or equal to 6 grams per liters/hour, be more preferably less than or equal 4 grams per liters/hour, most preferably be less than or equal to 3 grams per liters/hour, the first period was less than or equal to 15 minutes, then in the particulate filter ingress temperature of waste gas was elevated to and was equal to or higher than 550 ℃.
Fig. 5 has shown schematically that with the form of figure representational filter is under representational condition, three kinds of different diesel particulate filter inlet temperatures are on the typical consequence of the impact of the soot heap(ed) capacity of various single hops and multistage regeneration method, represent with the variation of relative pressure drop recovery time.0% relative pressure drop is corresponding to not containing soot in the diesel particulate filter, the high soot heap(ed) capacity of 100% expression.In temperature T 1, regenerate by the single hop that T2 and T3 carry out corresponding to respectively for dotted line 50,53 and 55, and wherein T1＜T2＜T3 for example is 450 ℃, 550 ℃ and 600 ℃.After regenerating 10 minutes, the soot content under the T1 temperature (relatively pressure drop) is the highest, and T2 takes second place, and T3 is minimum.Dotted line 52 and 54 is regenerated corresponding to following two sections: (a) carried out 5 minutes at T1, then (b) carries out 5 minutes at T2, and (a) carries out 7 minutes at T2, and then (b) carried out 3 minutes at T3.Line 53 and 54 has shown near the flex point 270 seconds, and line 55 has shown near the flex point 320 seconds, and this is because the difference of the soot of the interior burning-off of filter causes.Shown in line 52 and 54, for the two section of such mixing regenerative cycle, when 10 minutes regenerative cycle finish, can reach much lower soot content in the filter.In addition, by in the phase I, adopting lower regeneration temperature and burning some soots, then be adjusted to higher regeneration temperature in the second stage in two sections circulations, so that the operation in the filter is safer, process because only there is the soot of small amount to be subject to higher temperature, thereby reduced the possibility that soot is burnt with uncontrolled or undesirable speed.
Therefore, by initiatively adopting at elevated temperatures high NOx exhaust gas concentration to improve overall regeneration efficiency, and by be collected in minimizing under the temperature that is lower than usually the temperature relevant with not controlled regeneration on the particulate filter with within soot, reduced the risk of uncontrolled regeneration.
The soot that table 1 has been listed some NOx regeneration and regeneration efficiency loads and condition, has shown that specifically NOx is on the impact of the regeneration of ACTIVE CONTROL and the impact that soot is loaded.Table 1 is listed passes through the soot that the weight difference with the filter of the filter that loads soot and at least part of regeneration calculates divided by the filter weight that does not load fully and loads and regeneration efficiency, be by before regenerative operation and afterwards, on scale filter being weighed records.
Table 1:
Figure GPA00001038275200081
Fig. 6 A has shown that the controlled regeneration that for example carries out under the condition of 450ppm, Fig. 6 B have shown at higher NOx content, the controlled regeneration that for example carries out under the condition of 1450ppm at low NOx content.In Fig. 6 A and 6B, shown following measured value: mass velocity 60, the amount of oxygen 62 of inflow filter, the amount of oxygen 64 of outflow filter, the pressure drop 66 in the filter, and the comparative resistance in the filter 68.Hanging down NOx content with what show among Fig. 6 A, show among the controlled regeneration that for example carries out under the condition of 450ppm and Fig. 6 B at higher NOx content, the controlled regeneration that for example carries out under the 1450ppm condition is compared, explanation is under higher NOx content condition, the mobile comparative resistance of the waste gas streams by particulate filter reduces more, therefore soot loads and reduces morely in the filter, and this is change because the comparative resistance that flows in the filter can load according to soot.Fig. 6 A and 6B are also by having shown that relatively the engine condition that obtains higher NOx condition and improved regeneration is that similarly difference is the NOx content in the waste gas streams.
Shown respectively low NOx content among Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, for example under the condition of 380ppm and higher NOx content, the thermal profile under the 1350ppm condition for example, Fig. 7 A and 7B key have shown the position of monitoring temperature level in the particulate filter, the entrance of its middle filtrator is positioned at the left side, and outlet is positioned at the right.The shape of the thermal profile of the particulate filter that operates under lower and higher NOx content condition is substantially similar, but can be issued in lower temperature improved regeneration efficiency, thereby the result reduces the thermal stress on the filter.
Fig. 8 has shown the mobile comparative resistance that flows through the waste gas streams of particulate filter in the filter regeneration process, and this mobile comparative resistance has represented that the soot in the filter loads.In various tests, in the ingress of particulate filter, gas flow temperature is 550 ℃, the O in the air-flow 2Concentration is 8%, and the flow velocity of waste gas streams is 250 kg/hrs, and initial soot is loaded as 4.5 grams per liters.The low NOx entrance concentration of the 380ppm that Fig. 8 represents with filled symbols represents the higher NOx entrance concentration of 1350ppm with open symbols.Triangle, circle and foursquare symbol represent respectively 5 minutes, the regenerative operation of 10 minutes and 15 minutes.Be positioned at the period of the symbolic representation that is significantly higher than other related point place after regenerating, make at this moment filter stable and process in the section process, measure being used for.Fig. 8 demonstration is compared with the condition of low NOx level (380ppm), and the comparative resistance of higher NOx content (1380ppm) shows until regeneration ending regeneration is very fast, and final soot loading is lower.Under low NOx content condition, regenerate 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes regeneration efficiencies afterwards are respectively 26%, 46% and 65%.Under higher NOx content condition, the regeneration efficiency after regenerate 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes is respectively 49%, 76% and 89%.
Fig. 9 has shown under the condition with higher concentration supply NOx, the benefit of higher oxygen concentration in regenerative process.Specifically, Fig. 9 has shown O 2The difference of content, higher O 2Content can obtain higher regeneration efficiency, and these two kinds of experiments are all similarly being carried out under the NOx condition.Various tests are at higher (about 8%) O 2Concentration (OH) and lower (about 6-7%) O 2Carry out under the concentration (OL), the entrance NOx concentration of all tests is 1350ppm.For low O 2Content (RL) and high O 2The situation of content (RH), in the filter regeneration process, the mobile comparative resistance (it can be expressed as soot and load) that flows through the waste gas streams of particulate filter shows, at higher O 2Under the content condition, until the very fast and final soot of regeneration ending regeneration loads lower.Low O 2Regeneration efficiency under the content condition is 60%, high O 2Regeneration efficiency under the content condition is 76%.These discoveries use the cylindrical shape diesel particulate filter to obtain, this filter diameter is 9 inches, long 12 inches, comprise per square inch 200 holes, made by steinheilite, available from the healthy and free from worry Corning Corp. in USA New York (Corning Incorporated of Corning, New York), commodity are by name
Figure GPA00001038275200091
CO.In some cases, describe in detail such as this paper, apply oxidation catalyst at diesel particulate filter, for example available from the Wei En city (Wayne of Pennsylvania, America, Pennsylvania) Johnson-Matthew Co., Ltd (Johnson MattheyIncorporated), commodity are called Alpha coating, and the initial soot of described system is loaded as 4.5 grams per liters, and the waste gas streams flow velocity in the particulate filter ingress is 250 kg/hrs.
Figure 10 is presented under the various inlet temperatures above normally used temperature during the passive regeneration technique, the significant advantage (representing with regeneration efficiency) that the situation of using higher (for example 1500ppm) NOx content and the situation (being respectively line 80 and 82) of using lower (for example 500ppm) NOx content obtain when regenerating.Specifically, adopt 450-550 ℃ the interior various inlet air flow temperature of temperature range, heat up with about 3 ℃/second speed.Each 10 minutes regenerative cycle endurance, soot loaded targets amount is 4 grams per liters.As a result, by increasing NOx content, can adopt safer inlet temperature to prevent that diesel particulate filter from breaking down, improve overall soot quality limitations.
In some embodiments, method of the present invention can adopt removal NOx (for example except the NOx) reprocessing that is positioned at the diesel particulate filter downstream, the process step of namely air-flow of discharging from diesel particulate filter being processed, be used for controlling the discharging of NOx, for example obtain the NOx content of the advantage in the regenerated way disclosed herein above in the situation of emission regulation at needs.Can adopt advanced regenerated way that the impact of NOx discharging is reduced to minimum, still utilize the higher regenerability that is issued in the NOx content condition that raises simultaneously.A mode of execution that has shown the segmentation regenerated way among Figure 11, described segmentation regenerated way only use higher (for example 1000ppm) NOx content in the part of the lower temperature (for example 550 ℃) in whole regeneration stage.Figure 11 has shown entrance NOx concentration 90, DPF inlet temperature 92, comparative resistance 94 and oxygen concentration 96; In the phase I, from 2-8 minute, NOx content was 1000ppm, and the DPF inlet temperature is 550 ℃, and in second stage, from 9-13 minute, NOx content was 200ppm, and the DPF inlet temperature is 600 ℃; The regeneration efficiency of phase I is about 65-70%, and the regeneration efficiency of second stage is greater than about 90%.
Table 2 has been listed the particulate filter of coating at various inlet temperatures and NOx content and O 2The a lot of soots that obtain under the content load and regeneration efficiency.
Table 2
The controlled regeneration of the particulate filter that applies
10 minutes
The soot heap(ed) capacity of the DPF ingress of DPF inlet temperature DPF ingress
Regeneration efficiency [%]
[℃] NOx content [ppm] O2[%] [grams per liter]
450 780 10 3.8 23.6
450 340 10 4.1 10.6
450 200 7 4.0 14.7
500 350 10 3.8 20.3
500 730 10 3.8 36.3
500 200 8 4.0 16.2
550 740 9 3.8 51.8
550 350 9 4.0 33.1
550 200 7 3.9 28.2
600 200 6 3.8 55.1
600 750 9 4.6 85.2
600 200 6 4.0 57.6
600 350 8 3.8 65.3
Without coating
500 750 10 3.9 15.5
500 200 8 3.9 8.2
550 750 9 3.9 27.1
550 200 7 4.2 18.5
The method that is used for making diesel particulate filter regeneration of the present invention with safety time-saving mode reduced be included within the diesel filter or on the amount of particulate matter.Specifically, can adopt the temperature range that is lower than the temperature that usually is enough to cause uncontrolled regeneration, make at least part of regeneration of relevant particulate filter, thereby the amount that will be collected in the particulate matter in the particulate filter reduces to certain level, under this level, can adopt the regeneration method of higher temperature, thus so that filter holomorphosis.In addition, for initiative regeneration, the time lag that loads soot can prolong, thereby so that the time lag between the regenerative operation is longer, fuel economy is better.Regeneration method of the present invention has improved the total actuated countermeasure of filter, and safer regeneration condition is provided, and can utilize more efficiently energy, increases in safer mode to control the flexibility that more substantial soot loads in filter.
Figure 12 illustrates the graph of a relation between the ratio that obtains divided by ingress NOx concentration except NOx efficient (in %) and ingress ammonia concentration, be 800ppm NOx in the entrance NOx of the ingress of leading to SCR device concentration wherein, temperature is 500,550 and 600 ℃ (being respectively the line 100,102 and 104 among Figure 12).Described SCR device comprises the steinheilite skeleton, hole density is 400 hole/square inches, wall thickness is 4 mils, has the Johnson Matthey Cu-zeolite interlayer filling material (washcoat loading) of 190 grams per liters, 650 ℃ of heat ageings of carrying out 5 hours.Even Figure 12 shows that under high NOx content (for example 800ppm) and high temperature (500-600 ℃) condition also can reach acceptable according to the present invention high-caliber except the NOx performance.
According to some disclosed mode of executions, the gas flow temperature of diesel particulate filter ingress is 450-600 ℃, the air-flow that is positioned at the diesel particulate filter downstream is processed by selective reduction, be enough to from air-flow, remove preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, be more preferably at least 70%, be more preferably at least 75%, also want preferred at least 80% NOx.
Figure 13 illustrates for the described condition of Figure 12 and SCR device, and the graph of a relation of ammonia conversion ratio (in %) and reducing agent dosage, its center line 110,112 and 114 correspond respectively to inlet temperature 500,550 and 600 ℃.Even Figure 13 shows in higher reducing agent dosage situation, also can reach acceptable high ammonia conversion ratio according to the present invention.
According to some disclosed mode of executions, the temperature that enters the air-flow of SCR device is 500-600 ℃, and the ammonia conversion ratio of preferred selective catalytic reduction is greater than 95%, more preferably greater than 97%, more preferably greater than 98%.
In the above description, those skilled in the art can be readily appreciated that, can improve the present invention in the situation that does not depart from principle disclosed herein, these evolutionary approach are also included within the appended claims scope, unless claims have clear and definite expression in addition.

Claims (3)

1. method that makes at least part of regeneration of diesel particulate filter, described diesel particulate filter comprises entrance, outlet and porous bodies, described porous bodies comprises a large amount of porous walls that are arranged between the entrance and exit, wherein air-flow flows into described entrance, by described diesel particulate filter, flow out from outlet, described porous wall comprise a certain amount of be collected within the porous wall or on the charcoal soot, described method comprises:
In the ingress of described diesel particulate filter, the temperature of air-flow that flows into the entrance of described diesel particulate filter is elevated to is equal to or higher than 450 ℃;
Air-flow in the ingress of described diesel particulate filter comprises the NOx that is equal to or greater than 500ppm, and the O that is equal to or greater than 5 volume % 2Thereby, make the soot burnt in the diesel particulate filter,
The temperature of the air-flow of the entrance of inflow diesel particulate filter keeps being equal to or less than the first period of 15 minutes under 450-550 ℃ temperature, then the temperature of air-flow is elevated to the temperature that is equal to or higher than 550 ℃ and kept for the second period, during the second period, the NOx content of described diesel particulate filter ingress is equal to or less than 300ppm.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described diesel particulate filter is the oxide filter.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the uncoated volume density of the porous wall of described oxide filter is less than or equal to 700 grams per liters.
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