CN101778477A - Scheduling resource distributing method and base station - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for allocating scheduling resources, including: receiving a protocol data unit from a logical channel of a user terminal; if it is determined according to the protocol data unit that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, generating status report, and arrange the logical channel in the logical channel waiting queue that needs to be allocated with scheduling resources; Raise to highest and assign scheduling resources to logical channels. The embodiment of the present invention also provides a corresponding base station. The embodiment of the present invention can effectively guarantee the maximum time interval for the base station to send the status report to the user terminal, and reduce the problem that the logic channel is released caused by the untimely feedback of the status report.

Description

Scheduling resource allocation method and base station

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a scheduling resource allocation method and a base station.

Background technique

Long Term Evolution (LTE, Long Term Evolution) is the next generation of wireless communication technology. The LTE wireless layer protocol has three layers: Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP, Packet Data Convergence Protocol), Link Control (RLC, Radio Link Control), and Media Access Control (MAC, Medium Access Control). Among them, RLC is responsible for transmission control.

RLC supports three transmission modes: Transparent Mode (TM, Transparent Mode), (UM, Unacknowledged Mode), and Acknowledged Mode (AM, Acknowledged Mode). Among them, AM mode is a transmission mode based on the confirmation of the other party, which provides A mechanism for the sender to judge whether a protocol transmission unit (PDU, Protocol Data Unit) has been received by the other party based on the status report fed back by the other party, and the sender can also selectively retransmit the other party based on the information carried in the status report PDU not received.

It is defined in the prior art that when the base station (NODEB) receives a PDU from the logical channel of the user terminal and detects that its status report request bit is 1, it determines that the user terminal requires feedback of a status report on the reception of the PDU, and arranges the logical channel In the logical channel waiting queue that needs to allocate scheduling resources, allocate scheduling resources for the logical channel; the base station will constantly change the logical channel in the waiting queue according to the waiting queue, the waiting time of the logical channel, and the continuous change of the network environment Priority, when the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue is the highest, the base station allocates scheduling resources to the logical channel, and then organizes a status report according to the reception of the PDU and sends the status report to the user terminal.

During the research and practice of the prior art, the inventors of the present invention found that since the base station needs to set each logic of each user terminal according to the current air interface resources, the quality of the air interface channel, and the buffering conditions of each user terminal to be sent, etc. The priority of the channel in the waiting queue. Therefore, the time for each logical channel of each user terminal in the waiting queue to be allocated with scheduling resources is uncertain.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for allocating scheduling resources and a base station, which can effectively guarantee the maximum time interval for each logical channel of a user terminal to wait for allocation of scheduling resources in a waiting queue.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a scheduling resource allocation method, including:

receiving a protocol data unit from a logical channel allocated to the user terminal;

If it is determined according to the protocol data unit that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, then generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit, and arrange the logical channel in the logical channel waiting queue that needs to allocate scheduling resources;

If the waiting time of the logical channel in the waiting queue for allocation of scheduling resources reaches a first predetermined duration, the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue is raised to the highest, and scheduling resources are allocated for the logical channel.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a base station, including:

A receiving module, configured to receive a protocol data unit from a logical channel allocated to the user terminal;

Generating an arranging module, used to generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit if it is determined that the user terminal requires a feedback status report according to the protocol data unit, and arrange the logical channel in the logical channel that needs to allocate scheduling resources in the waiting queue;

The promotion allocation module is configured to increase the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to the highest if the waiting time of the logical channel in the waiting queue to allocate scheduling resources reaches a first predetermined duration, and provide the Logical channels allocate scheduling resources.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

In the embodiment of the present invention, if the logical channel that needs to send the status report waits for the allocation of scheduling resources in the logical channel waiting queue for a first predetermined duration, that is, the logical channel has not been allocated scheduling resources after waiting for the first predetermined duration, then The base station raises the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to the highest, and allocates scheduling resources for the logical channel, thereby ensuring that the waiting time for the logical channel to allocate scheduling resources does not exceed the first predetermined duration, effectively ensuring that each of the user terminals The maximum time interval during which a logical channel waits for allocation of scheduling resources in the waiting queue.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a scheduling resource allocation method in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a scheduling resource allocation method in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a base station in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of generating an arrangement module in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the sending module in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the base station in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention provide a scheduling resource allocation method and a base station. Each will be described in detail below.

Referring to Fig. 1, an embodiment of a scheduling resource allocation method in an embodiment of the present invention includes:

110. Receive a protocol data unit from a logical channel allocated to the user terminal;

Specifically, the protocol data unit may be received by the base station NODEB from a logical channel allocated to the user terminal.

120. If it is determined according to the protocol data unit that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, then generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit, and arrange the logical channel in the logical channel waiting queue for which scheduling resources need to be allocated;

After receiving a PDU from a logical channel of the user terminal, the base station can detect whether the status report request bit of the PDU is 1, and if it is 1, it can determine that the user terminal requires a feedback status report.

If the base station determines that the user terminal needs to feed back a status report according to the PDU, the base station can generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the PDU. For example, assuming that the base station receives PDUs with sequence numbers 1, 3, 4, and 5, and finds that there is a PDU in it, for example, the status report request bit (Polling bit) of the PDU with sequence number 4 is 1, then the base station will Traverse all the PDUs received in the current receiving window, and generate a status report, which indicates that the PDUs with the sequence number before 6 have been received, but the PDU with the sequence number 2 has not been received.

After generating the status report, the base station can set the initial priority of the logical channel in the logical channel waiting queue that needs to be allocated scheduling resources according to the size of the status report, the current air interface resources, and the priority of the logical channel that needs to send the status report (that is, the position of the logical channel in the waiting queue), so that the logical channel is arranged in the waiting queue.

After setting the initial priority of the logical channel so that the logical channel is arranged in the waiting queue, the base station will continuously change the status of the logical channel in the waiting queue according to the change of the waiting queue, the waiting time of the logical channel, and the change of the current air interface resources. Priority in the queue. When the logical channel has the highest priority in the waiting queue, the base station allocates scheduling resources to the logical channel. The specific execution method is the prior art, and will not be described here.

It can be understood that if the base station determines according to the PDU that the user terminal does not require feedback of the status report, the operation ends.

130. If the logical channel waits for the allocation of scheduling resources in the logical channel waiting queue for a first predetermined duration, raise the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to the highest, and allocate scheduling resources for the logical channel;

In different application scenarios, the first predetermined duration can be set according to different factors. In this embodiment, the first predetermined duration is based on the waiting time of the maximum allowable feedback status report of the user terminal, the quality of service (QoS) of the current service of the user terminal , Quality of Service) to set.

In this embodiment, a timer can be set to calculate the time during which the logical channel waits in the waiting queue for allocation of scheduling resources. If the priority of the logical channel reaches the highest before the timer reaches the first predetermined duration, the scheduling resource is allocated , the timer stops counting, otherwise when the timer reaches the first predetermined duration, the base station raises the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to the highest, and allocates scheduling resources for the logical channel, so that the logical channel can be guaranteed to wait The time for allocating scheduling resources does not exceed the first predetermined duration, effectively ensuring the maximum time interval for each logical channel of the user terminal to wait in the waiting queue for allocating scheduling resources.

140. After allocating the scheduling resource to the logical channel, send a status report to the user terminal through the logical channel.

Further, after allocating scheduling resources for the logical channel that needs to send the status report, the base station can send the status report to the user terminal through the logical channel. It can be understood that if the logical channel has been allocated the scheduling resource without waiting for the first predetermined time in the waiting queue, then after the logical channel is allocated the scheduling resource, the base station can set a status report and send the status report to the user terminal, This is the same as the prior art.

In the prior art, the time for each logical channel of the user terminal to wait in the waiting queue for allocation of scheduling resources is uncertain, which may cause the user terminal to not receive status report feedback from the base station for a long time, thus causing the user terminal to stop sending new PDU and release the logical channel on which the PDU was sent.

However, in this embodiment, the waiting time for each logical channel of the user terminal to allocate scheduling resources does not exceed the first predetermined duration, and after allocating scheduling resources for the logical channels, the base station sends a status report to the user terminal, thereby ensuring that the base station The maximum time interval for sending status reports to user terminals reduces the problem of stopping sending new PDUs and releasing logical channels caused by untimely feedback of status reports.

In this embodiment, if the logical channel that needs to send the status report waits for the allocation of scheduling resources in the logical channel waiting queue for a first predetermined duration, that is, the logical channel has not been allocated scheduling resources after waiting for the first predetermined duration, then the base station The priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue is raised to the highest, and the scheduling resource is allocated for the logical channel, thereby effectively ensuring the maximum time interval for each logical channel of the user terminal to wait in the waiting queue for allocation of scheduling resources; further, The status report is sent after the scheduling resources are allocated, so as to ensure the maximum time interval for the base station to send the status report to the user terminal, and reduce the problems of stopping sending new PDUs and releasing logical channels caused by untimely status report feedback.

Referring to FIG. 2, another embodiment of the scheduling resource allocation method in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

210. Receive a protocol data unit from a logical channel allocated to the user terminal;

For step 210, please refer to the description of step 110.

220. If it is determined according to the protocol data unit that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, then determine whether the status report prohibition timer is activated, and if activated, perform step 230, otherwise perform step 240;

In this embodiment, the base station sets a status report prohibition timer, which is started after each status report is sent, so as to control the frequency of status report sending.

If it is determined according to the received PDU that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, it is first judged whether the prohibition status report timer is activated, if not activated, then execute 240, otherwise it is necessary to wait until the timer reaches the predetermined timeout period before executing step 240.

It can be understood that, if it is determined that the state reporting prohibition timer has been started, step 240 may not be performed until the timer reaches the predetermined timeout period.

If it is determined according to the PDU that the user terminal does not require feedback status reports, the operation ends.

230. Determine whether the prohibition status report timer reaches the predetermined timeout period, if so, execute step 240, otherwise repeat execution 230;

240. Generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit, and arrange the logical channel in the logical channel waiting queue for which scheduling resources need to be allocated;

For step 240, please refer to the description of step 120.

In addition, in step 240, the base station can set the priority of the logical channel that needs to send the status report in the waiting queue to be higher than the priority of the first logical channel in the waiting queue. The first logical channel is the protocol data that needs to be sent in the waiting queue. The logical channel of the unit, so that the logical channel that needs to send the status report can be preferentially allocated to the scheduling resource.

250. If the waiting time for the logical channel to allocate scheduling resources in the waiting queue reaches the first predetermined duration, raise the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to the highest, and allocate scheduling resources for the logical channel;

For step 250, please refer to the description of step 130.

260. After allocating the scheduling resource to the logical channel, update the status report and send the updated status report to the user terminal through the logical channel.

In this embodiment, after allocating scheduling resources for the logical channel, the base station can update the status report to be sent according to the latest PDU reception status to obtain a more accurate status report. The specific implementation method is the existing technology, and will not be described here. repeat.

It can be understood that the base station can also determine whether the status report prohibition timer is started before sending the status report to the user terminal; if it is not started, then send the status report to the user terminal through a logical channel, otherwise wait until the status report prohibition timer reaches a predetermined When the timeout period is long, a status report is sent to the user terminal through a logical channel.

In this embodiment, the first predetermined duration may be equal to the predetermined timeout duration of the prohibiting status report timer.

With respect to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the base station in this embodiment is set to disable the status report timer, which can not only ensure that the time for the logical channel to wait for the allocation of scheduling resources does not exceed the first predetermined duration, but also ensure that the base station sends a status report to the user terminal. The maximum time interval of the status report can reduce the problem of stopping sending new PDUs and releasing the logical channel caused by the untimely status report feedback, and can control the frequency of status report sending.

Referring to Figure 3, an embodiment of the base station in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

A receiving module 310, configured to receive a PDU from a logical channel allocated to the user terminal;

Generate arrangement module 320, be used for if judge according to the received PDU that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, then generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the PDU, and arrange the logical channel receiving the PDU in the logical channel waiting queue that needs to allocate scheduling resources , to allocate scheduling resources for the logical channel;

The promotion allocation module 330 is used to raise the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to highest, and allocate scheduling resources for this logical channel;

The sending module 340 is configured to send the status report to the user terminal through the logical channel after the scheduling resource is allocated for the logical channel arranged in the generating arrangement module 320 .

In this embodiment, the base station may further include a status report prohibition timer, which is used to start after the sending module 340 sends the status report, so as to control the sending frequency of the status report.

Before generating the status report, it can be determined whether the status report timer is prohibited to start. At this time, please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. include:

The first judging unit 321 is used to determine whether the user terminal requires a feedback status report according to the received PDU, then judge whether the prohibiting status report timer is started, if not started, then trigger the generating and arranging unit 322 to perform related operations, otherwise trigger the second judging Unit 323 performs related operations;

Generating an arranging unit 322, which is used to generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the PDU, and arrange the logical channel in the logical channel waiting queue that needs to allocate scheduling resources;

The second judging unit 323 is used to judge whether the prohibition status report timer reaches the predetermined timeout period, if so, triggers the generating arrangement unit 322 to perform related operations, otherwise repeatedly judges whether the prohibition status report timer reaches the predetermined timeout period.

It can be understood that, when it is determined that the prohibition status report timer has been started, the generation arrangement unit 322 may not wait until the prohibition status report timer reaches a predetermined timeout period to perform related operations, therefore, the generation arrangement module 320 may not include a second Judgment unit 323.

It is also possible to determine whether the prohibition status report timer is started after the logical channels arranged in the generation arrangement module 320 are assigned scheduling resources and before sending the status report to the user terminal. At this time, please refer to FIG. 5, which is shown in FIG. 3 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the sending module 340 in the embodiment, the sending module 340 may include:

The third judging unit 341 is configured to judge whether the prohibition status report timer is started after allocating scheduling resources for the logical channels arranged in the generating and arranging module 320, and if not started, then trigger the sending unit 342 to perform relevant operations, otherwise trigger the fourth The judging unit 343 performs related operations;

A sending unit 342, configured to send a status report to the user terminal through a logical channel;

The fourth judging unit 343 is used to judge whether the prohibition status report timer reaches the predetermined timeout period, and if so, triggers the sending unit 342 to perform related operations, otherwise repeatedly judges whether the prohibition status report timer reaches the predetermined timeout period.

The sending module 340 may include: an updating unit, configured to update the status report after allocating scheduling resources for the logical channel; a sending unit, configured to send the updated status report to the user terminal through the logical channel, so as to obtain and send a more accurate status report Report.

In this embodiment, if the logical channel waits for the first predetermined time in the waiting queue to allocate scheduling resources, that is, the logical channel has not been allocated scheduling resources after waiting for the first predetermined time, then the base station puts the logical channel in the waiting queue The priority in the channel is raised to the highest, and the scheduling resource is allocated for the logical channel, so that it can be ensured that the waiting time for the logical channel to allocate the scheduling resource does not exceed the first predetermined duration, effectively ensuring that each logical channel of the user terminal is waiting in the waiting queue The maximum time interval for allocating scheduling resources; further, after allocating the scheduling resources, the status report is sent, so as to ensure the maximum time interval for the base station to send the status report to the user terminal, and reduce the stoppage of sending new PDUs and PDUs caused by untimely status report feedback Problem with logical channel being freed.

Referring to Figure 6, another embodiment of the base station in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

The receiving and sending module 610 is used to receive the protocol data unit from the logical channel allocated to the user terminal, if it is determined according to the protocol data unit that the user terminal requires a feedback status report, then generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit, and notify the scheduling module The logical channel has data to send and starts timing. If the logical channel waits for the allocation of scheduling resources in the logical channel waiting queue to reach the first predetermined duration, a request message is sent to the scheduling module to increase the priority of the logical channel. After the logical channel is allocated to the scheduling resource, the status report is sent to the user terminal through the logical channel;

The scheduling module 620 is used to receive a notification that the logical channel has data to be sent from the receiving and sending module 610, arrange the logical channel in the waiting queue of the logical channel that needs to allocate scheduling resources, and when the receiving and sending module 610 receives the notification that the logical channel is promoted When a priority request message is issued, the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue is raised to the highest, and scheduling resources are allocated to the logical channel.

It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the base station can also set a timer for prohibiting status reporting, and the receiving and sending module 610 can determine whether the timer for prohibiting status reporting is activated before generating a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit, if not activated , then generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit, otherwise wait until the prohibiting status report timer reaches a predetermined timeout period and then generate a status report according to the receiving situation of the protocol data unit; or, the sending module 610 can also send the status report to the user terminal Before the status report, it is judged whether the status report prohibition timer is activated, and if not activated, the status report is sent to the user terminal, otherwise the status report is sent to the user terminal when the status report prohibition timer reaches a predetermined time-out period.

In this embodiment, if the logical channel waits in the waiting queue for the allocation of scheduling resources for a first predetermined duration, that is, the logical channel has not been allocated scheduling resources after waiting for the first predetermined duration, then the receiving and sending module 610 notifies the scheduling module 620. Raising the priority of the logical channel in the waiting queue to the highest, and allocating scheduling resources to the logical channel, so as to ensure that the waiting time for the logical channel to allocate scheduling resources does not exceed the first predetermined duration, effectively ensuring the security of the user terminal. The maximum time interval for each logical channel to wait in the waiting queue for allocation of scheduling resources; further, the status report is sent after the allocation of scheduling resources, thereby ensuring the maximum time interval for the base station to send status reports to the user terminal, reducing the status report feedback. Timely cause the problem of stopping sending new PDUs and logical channels being released.

It can be understood that if the logical channel has been allocated the scheduling resource without waiting for the first predetermined time in the waiting queue, after the logical channel is allocated the scheduling resource, the base station group status report and send the status report to the user terminal. Same as existing technology.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium can include: Read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or CD, etc.

The scheduling resource allocation method and the base station provided by the embodiment of the present invention are described above in detail. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiment is only used to help understand the present invention. method and its core idea; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. Invention Limitations.

Claims (13)

1. a scheduling resource distributing method is characterized in that, comprising:

Receive protocol Data Unit from the logic channel of distributing to user terminal;

If judge that according to described protocol Data Unit user terminal requires condition report feedback, then the reception condition according to described protocol Data Unit generates status report, and described logic channel is arranged in needs in the logic channel of the allocation schedule resource wait queue;

If described logic channel reaches first scheduled duration in the time of the medium scheduling resource to be allocated of wait queue, then the priority of described logic channel in described wait queue is promoted to the highlyest, and be described logical channel assignment scheduling resource.

2. scheduling resource distributing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises:

After being described logical channel assignment scheduling resource, send described status report to described user terminal by described logic channel.

3. scheduling resource distributing method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises after sending described status report to user terminal: start the illegal state timer;

After judging that according to described protocol Data Unit user terminal requires condition report feedback, before the reception condition according to described protocol Data Unit generates status report, also comprise:

Judge whether the illegal state report timer starts;

If do not start, then trigger the described step that generates status report according to the reception condition of described protocol Data Unit.

4. scheduling resource distributing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described method also comprises:

Start if judge described illegal state report timer, then wait until when described illegal state report timer reaches predetermined overtime duration, generate status report according to the reception condition of described protocol Data Unit.

5. scheduling resource distributing method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises after sending described status report to user terminal: start the illegal state timer;

Before sending described status report, described user terminal also comprises by logic channel described:

Judge whether described illegal state report timer starts;

If do not start, then trigger the described step that sends described status report by logic channel to described user terminal, otherwise wait until when described illegal state report timer reaches predetermined overtime duration, trigger the described step that sends described status report by logic channel to described user terminal.

6. scheduling resource distributing method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, after being described logical channel assignment scheduling resource, by described logic channel before described user terminal sends described status report, also comprise:

Upgrade described status report, trigger the step that sends the status report after upgrading by logic channel to described user terminal.

7. scheduling resource distributing method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described logic channel is arranged in needs to comprise in the logic channel of the allocation schedule resource wait queue:

The priority of described logic channel in described wait queue is set is higher than the priority of first logic channel in described wait queue, first logic channel is the logic channel that needs to send protocol Data Unit in the described wait queue.

8. according to claim 4 or 5 described scheduling resource distributing methods, it is characterized in that first scheduled duration equals the predetermined overtime duration of described illegal state report timer.

9. a base station is characterized in that, comprising:

Receiver module is used for receiving protocol Data Unit from the logic channel of distributing to user terminal;

Generate and arrange module, be used for if determine user terminal requirement condition report feedback according to described protocol Data Unit, then generate status report, and described logic channel is arranged in needs in the logic channel of the allocation schedule resource wait queue according to the reception condition of described protocol Data Unit;

Promote distribution module, be used for if described logic channel reaches first scheduled duration in the time of the medium scheduling resource to be allocated of wait queue, then the priority of described logic channel in described wait queue being promoted to the highlyest, and is described logical channel assignment scheduling resource.

10. base station according to claim 9, its feature exists, and described base station also comprises:

Sending module is used for after being described logical channel assignment scheduling resource, and sends described status report by described logic channel to described user terminal.

11. base station according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described base station also comprises the illegal state report timer, is used for starting after the sending module status report;

Generating the arrangement module comprises:

First judging unit is used for judging then whether described illegal state report timer starts if determine user terminal requirement condition report feedback according to described protocol Data Unit, if start, then triggers the generation arrangement units and carries out associative operation;

Generate arrangement units, be used for generating status report, and described logic channel is arranged in needs to think described logical channel assignment scheduling resource in the logic channel of the allocation schedule resource wait queue according to the reception condition of described protocol Data Unit.

12. base station according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described base station also comprises the illegal state report timer, is used for starting after the sending module status report;

Sending module comprises:

The 3rd judging unit is used for judging for after the described logical channel assignment scheduling resource whether described illegal state report timer starts, if do not start, then triggers transmitting element and carries out associative operation, carries out associative operation otherwise trigger the 4th judging unit;

Transmitting element is used for sending described status report by described logic channel to described user terminal;

The 4th judging unit is used to judge whether described illegal state report timer reaches predetermined overtime duration, if then trigger transmitting element and carry out associative operation, otherwise repeat to judge whether described timer reaches predetermined overtime duration.

13. base station according to claim 10 is characterized in that, sending module comprises:

Updating block is used for upgrading described status report for after the described logical channel assignment scheduling resource;

Transmitting element is used for by the status report of described logic channel after described user terminal sends renewal.

Images