CN101775299A - 农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，属炭化技术领域，为解决可悬浮颗粒物、木焦油、秸秆醋液无法经济、有效收集利用的问题，该制炭设备包括热解池和与其连通的烟道，还包括一个沉降室，沉降室中设有隔板将沉降室分隔为底部相通的左、右两个室，沉降室左室顶端与烟道连通，沉降室右室顶端开有排气口，右室内设有油液收集罩。本发明可以解决由于农作物秸秆露天焚烧所引起的环境污染及生态恶化，用于替代烧烤用炭或工业用炭，以减少木炭用薪柴过度砍伐带来的生态破坏。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于炭化技术领域，具体是一种农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭的设备。
背景技术
目前，在我国农作物秸秆综合利用的方式中，农作物秸秆炭化产品占据了重要的地位。但目前的工艺及设备均有其明显的缺陷，现有技术中农作物秸秆使用土窑进行干馏热解制炭，时间长、效率低、安全性差、经济效益不佳而不具备实用价值，如公告号为CN1195819C的发明专利的炭化农作物的副产品等的装置；而目前有所改进的移动式炭化炉均因无法解决可悬浮颗粒物排放及木焦油、秸秆醋液的收集而环保性能差，不具备推广价值，如公告号为CN2384945Y的实用新型专利所述的节能移动式炭化炉。
发明内容
为解决可悬浮颗粒物、木焦油、秸秆醋液无法经济、有效收集利用的问题，本发明提供一种农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，包括热解池和与其连通的烟道，还包括一个沉降室，沉降室中设有隔板将沉降室分隔为底部相通的左、右两个室，沉降室左室顶端与烟道连通，沉降室右室顶端开有排气口，右室内设有油液收集罩。
农作物秸秆热解过程中的烟气通过烟道进入沉降室左室，再从隔板下方进入右室，最后从右室顶端的排气口排出，通过这一路径，使烟气的行程加大，流速减缓，同时也降低了烟气温度，烟气中的部分可悬浮颗粒物沉降于沉降室左室底部。油液收集罩安装在右室底部开口附近，进入右室的烟气自然冷凝后，其中所含的木焦油、秸秆醋液被油液收集罩吸附。
热解池壁上设有可调进气式主供氧口。热解初期，打开主供氧口以迅速提高热解池内温度，使秸秆迅速热解。当温度达到400-850℃时，封闭主供氧口，限制氧气进入热解，此时，农作物秸秆在缺氧状态下进行可控的部分热解，可获得高固定炭秸秆炭。
热解池侧壁的不同高度上开有通孔，通孔内插入杆状活动横档。将一种或一种以上足量农作物秸秆逐步送入热解池，此时秸秆横架在活动横档上，热解炭化到中段时，秸秆因炭化后强度下降，同时承受上部新进入热解池秸秆的重量而被压溃，落入热解池下部成炭。
为了进一步提高可悬浮颗料物被沉降和的吸附效率，热解池顶部装有烟气收集罩，烟气收集罩的罩体内设有水夹层，水夹层一端连接带有喷嘴的水蒸汽管，喷嘴伸入烟道内。烟气收集罩为夹层构造，烟气收集罩中的水被烟气热量加热后产生的带有压力的水蒸汽由水蒸汽管通入沉降室上部，烟气流中的可悬浮颗粒物在沉降室中被喷嘴喷淋出的水蒸汽捕捉后，沉降于沉降室的底部。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下特点：(1)热解炭化过程采取了烟气沉降室，烟气流中的可悬浮颗粒物通过沉降室中的装置沉降于沉降室底部，木焦油及秸秆醋液经自然冷凝后附着于油液收集罩上，流入油液收集桶中收集，尾气无害化排入大气，确保生产过程环保无污染。秸秆无需粉碎、切断或烘干等预处理，生产效率高。(2)热解炭化过程中限制氧气供给，所得秸秆炭质量稳定、品质优良、产率提高。(3)采用活动横档，避免了部分秸秆热解炭化不足的缺陷，热解炭化过程无需翻动，劳动强度大大降低。
采用本发明农作物秸秆热解炭化后的产品农作物秸秆炭应用广泛，用于加工生产农村居民用固体燃料以替代原煤裸烧，符合国家产业政策。用于土壤改良，提高土壤含水量、透气性，增加土壤有机质含量，降低土壤板结程度，以提高农作物产量，可以解决由于农作物秸秆露天焚烧引起的环境污染及生态恶化，用于替代烧烤用炭或工业用炭，以减少木炭用薪柴过度砍伐带来的生态破坏。
附图说明
图1为本发明农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备的结构示意图。
图2为图1的A-A的剖视图。
图3为图1的B-B的剖视图。
图中，1-热解池；2-烟道；3-隔板；4-沉降室左室；5-沉降室右室；6-排气口；7-油液收集罩；8-主供氧口；9-分供氧口；10-活动横档；11-烟气收集罩；12-水夹层；13-喷嘴；14-水蒸汽管；15-车架；16-车轴；17-车轮；18-油液收集桶；19-蝶阀；20-入料口；21-沉降室左室操作口；22-沉降室右室操作口；23-出料门；24-水箱；25-加水口；26-水位计；27-支撑腿；28-车轮护板。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的一种农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，包括热解池1和与其连通的烟道2，还包括一个沉降室，沉降室中设有隔板3将沉降室分隔为底部相通的左、右两个室，沉降室左室4顶端与烟道2连通，沉降室右室5顶端开有排气口6，右室5内设有油液收集罩7。热解池壁上开有入料口20和出料门23。为提高对木焦油、秸秆醋液的吸附效率，油液收集罩7为锥筒形，油液收集罩7表面上分布有通孔，油液收集罩7下方设有用于接收木焦油、秸秆醋液油液收集桶18。
热解池1壁上设有可调进气式主供氧口8，主供氧口8上装有蝶阀19，用于控制主供氧口的开启和关闭。主供氧口8通过管道与热解池内部的的分供氧口9连通。
热解池1侧壁的不同高度上开有通孔，通孔内插入杆状活动横档10。
热解池1顶部装有烟气收集罩11，烟气收集罩11的罩体内设有水夹层12，水夹层12一端连接带有喷嘴13的水蒸汽管14，喷嘴13伸入烟道2内。水夹层12另一端连接水箱24，水箱24上设有加水口25、水位计26。
热解池1下端连接有车架15，车架15上装有车轴16和车轮17。车架15上还设有支撑腿27和车轮护板28。本发明所述的农作物秸秆热解炭化设备为可移动式，便于流动作业，秸秆无须大量堆存，避免了火灾隐患，在田间地头即可完成热解炭化工作，不产生农作物秸秆的运输费用，使农作物秸秆炭产品成本大大降低，安全性、经济性提高，具备市场化可操作性。
使用时，将干燥易燃的农作物秸秆引燃后从入料口20送入热解池1底部作为热源。供氧是在热气上升的过程中，由于产生负压而自动补充充足的氧气，迅速提高热解池1内温度，使秸秆迅速热解，在秸秆利用自身热量进行热解的初期，主供氧口8上的蝶阀19是完全敞开的。将一种或一种以上足量农作物秸秆通过入料口20逐步送入热解池1，此时秸秆横架在活动横档10上，热解炭化到中段时，秸秆因炭化后强度下降，同时承受上部新进入热解池秸秆的重量而被压溃，落入热解池1下部成炭。当温度达到400-850℃时，将主供氧口8上的蝶阀19完全封闭，起到限制氧气进入热解池1的作用，此时，农作物秸秆在缺氧的状态下进行可控的部分热解。
热解过程中的烟气通过烟道2进入烟气沉降室，沉降室中的隔板3将沉降室分为两个室，能有效减缓烟气流速，降低烟气温度，并使部分烟气中的可悬浮颗粒物沉降于沉降室底部。烟气收集罩11为夹层构造，烟气收集罩11上的水夹层12内的水被烟气热量加热后产生的带有压力的水蒸气由水蒸汽管14通入沉降室上部，烟气流中的可悬浮颗粒物在沉降室中被水蒸汽捕捉后，沉降于沉降室的底部，由沉降室左室操作口21取出回收。农作物秸秆热解炭化过程中产生的木焦油及秸秆醋液经沉降室3逐级自然冷凝后附着于油液收集罩7上，流入油液收集桶18中，由沉降室右室操作口22取出回收，尾气通过排气口6无害化排入大气。
热解炭化结束后，水冷降温后从出料门23将秸秆炭取出。
Claims (9)
1.一种农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，包括热解池(1)和与其连通的烟道(2)，其特征在于：还包括一个沉降室，沉降室中设有隔板(3)将沉降室分隔为底部相通的左、右两个室，沉降室左室(4)顶端与烟道(2)连通，沉降室右室(5)顶端开有排气口(6)，右室(5)内设有油液收集罩(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：热解池(1)壁上设有可调进气式主供氧口(8)
3.根据权利要求2所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：主供氧口(8)通过管道与热解池(1)内部的的分供氧口(9)连通。
4.根据权利要求1所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：热解池(1)侧壁的不同高度上开有通孔，通孔内插入杆状活动横档(10)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：热解池(1)侧壁的不同高度上开有通孔，通孔内插入杆状活动横档(10)。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：热解池(1)顶部装有烟气收集罩(11)，烟气收集罩(11)的罩体内设有水夹层(12)，水夹层(12)一端连接带有喷嘴(13)的水蒸汽管(14)，喷嘴(13)伸入烟道(2)内。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：热解池(1)下端连接有车架(15)，车架(15)上装有车轴(16)和车轮(17)。
8.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：油液收集罩(7)为锥筒形，锥形表面上分布有通孔。
9.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的农作物秸秆限氧自热式热解快速制炭设备，其特征在于：油液收集罩(7)下方设有油液收集桶(18)。
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| PCT/CN2011/000265 WO2011103768A1 (zh) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-02-21 | 农作物秸秆制炭方法及装置 |
| US13/579,147 US9321966B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-02-21 | Method for carbonization of crop straws |
| EP11746810.8A EP2540803B1 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-02-21 | Method for preparing char from crop-straw and apparatus therefor |
| BR112012021187A BR112012021187A2 (pt) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-02-21 | método e dispositivo para carbonificação de palhada de colheita |
| RU2012133192/05A RU2573014C2 (ru) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-02-21 | Способ производства угля из соломы и устройство для обугливания соломы |
| CN201110042313XA CN102134497B (zh) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-02-22 | 农作物秸秆制炭方法及装置 |
| ZA2012/05861A ZA201205861B (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2012-08-03 | Method and device for carbonification of crop straws |
| US15/136,514 US10273412B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2016-04-22 | Method and device for carbonization of crop straws |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106931446A (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 未名生物环保集团有限公司 | 垃圾高效环保热解装置 |
| CN112920816A (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-08 | 济源润万家农业科技有限公司 | 一种烟气回用内热式生物质炭化炉 |
| CN114891525A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-08-12 | 王晓光 | 一种秸秆快速制炭及烟气烟尘回收处理装置及方法 |
| WO2022268234A1 (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | 王晓光 | 一种秸秆快速制炭及烟气烟尘回收处理装置及方法 |
| CN114891525B (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-02-13 | 王晓光 | 一种秸秆快速制炭及烟气烟尘回收处理装置及方法 |
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| US9321966B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
| CN102134497B (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
| ZA201205861B (en) | 2013-05-29 |
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| WO2011103768A1 (zh) | 2011-09-01 |
| EP2540803A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
| EP2540803A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| RU2573014C2 (ru) | 2016-01-20 |
| EP2540803B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
| CN102134497A (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
| US20160326437A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
| US20120305380A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| US10273412B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
| BR112012021187A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
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