CN101774693A - Method for quickly starting pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process - Google Patents
Method for quickly starting pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺快速启动的方法，属于污水处理领域。本发明解决了现有前置反硝化生物滤池工艺培养反硝化菌群耗时长导致启动时间过长的问题。本发明方法采用先初步挂膜，然后重点培养驯化硝化菌，再培养驯化反硝化菌的方式。本发明方法减少了驯化环节，而且减少了驯化时间，并且降低了调试成本。本发明方法可快速在前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺中的缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的培养出反硝化菌，尽快完成调试投入使用；采用本发明方法在个120天~140天可将前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺的出水调试达标。The invention relates to a method for quickly starting a process of a pre-denitrification aerated biological filter, belonging to the field of sewage treatment. The invention solves the problem that the time-consuming cultivation of the denitrifying bacteria group in the prior pre-denitrification biological filter process leads to too long start-up time. The method of the present invention adopts the method of initially forming a film, then emphatically cultivating domesticated nitrifying bacteria, and then cultivating domesticated denitrifying bacteria. The method of the invention reduces the steps of domestication, reduces the time of domestication, and reduces the debugging cost. The method of the present invention can quickly cultivate denitrifying bacteria in the anoxic denitrification biological filter in the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process, and complete debugging and put into use as soon as possible; the method of the present invention can be used within 120 days to 140 days The effluent of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process can be adjusted to meet the standard.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于污水领域；具体涉及一种前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺快速启动的方法。The invention belongs to the field of sewage; in particular, it relates to a method for quick start-up of a pre-denitrification aerated biological filter process.
背景技术Background technique
前置反硝化生物滤池工艺占地面积小，处理效果高且运行成本低，是一种很有发展前途的污水处理工艺。但培养反硝化菌群耗时长（培养反硝化菌群一般需要半年以上）延长了启动时间。The pre-denitrification biological filter process occupies a small area, has high treatment effect and low operating cost, and is a promising sewage treatment process. However, it takes a long time to cultivate denitrifying bacteria (it usually takes more than half a year to cultivate denitrifying bacteria), which prolongs the start-up time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的为了解决现有前置反硝化生物滤池工艺培养反硝化菌群耗时长导致启动时间过长的问题；而提供了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺快速启动的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of too long start-up time caused by the time-consuming cultivation of denitrifying bacteria in the existing pre-denitrification biological filter process; and to provide a method for rapid start-up of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process.
本发明中前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺快速启动的方法是按下述步骤完成的：一、按前置反硝化曝气生物滤池系统设计水量的35%~45%（以体积计）向前置反硝化曝气生物滤池内通入污水，控制缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的C：N的摩尔比不小于4，曝气生物滤池的曝气量按照前置反硝化曝气生物滤池的满负荷运转时的气量供应，至曝气生物滤池与缺氧生物滤池内的滤料挂膜，上述运行过程中不需要回流；二、然后将曝气量降至满负荷运转时气量的三分之一，同时开启回流装置，将曝气生物滤池处理后的水回流按100%（以体积计）回流比至缺氧生物滤池，维持10天，每隔2天向缺氧反硝化生物滤池中按照进水量的万分之一投加接种污泥，然后将回流比增加到150%，维持10天，再将回流比增加到200%，维持10天；其中接种污泥为生活污水处理厂的排泥；三、再将曝气生物滤池的曝气量降低使曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧在2.5~3.5mg/L，维持15天；四、然后将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的55%~65%，回流比降低到150%，曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧仍控制在2.5~3.5mg/L，维持15天；五、再将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的75%~85%，增加曝气生物滤池的曝气量使曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧为4.5~5.5mg/L，维持15天；六、然后将进水水量增加到系统的设计水量，回流比调成系统的设计回流比，曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧控制在4.5~5.5mg/L，运行至出水达到国家规定的《城镇污水处理厂综合排放标准(GB18918—2002)》一级A标准；即完成了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池的启动。Among the present invention, the method for quick starting of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process is completed by the following steps: one, according to the 35%～45% (in volume) of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter system design water yield ) into the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter, control the molar ratio of C:N in the anoxic denitrification biological filter to not less than 4, and the aeration volume of the biological aerated filter is in accordance with the pre-denitrification The air volume supply of the biological aerated filter at full load, to the filter material in the biological aerated filter and the anoxic biological filter, does not need backflow during the above operation; 2. Then reduce the aeration rate to One-third of the gas volume when operating at full load, and at the same time turn on the return device, return the water treated by the biological aerated filter to the anoxic biological filter at a return ratio of 100% (by volume), and maintain it for 10 days. Add inoculated sludge to the anoxic denitrification biological filter according to 1/10,000 of the influent in 2 days, then increase the reflux ratio to 150% and maintain it for 10 days, then increase the reflux ratio to 200% and maintain it for 10 days ; Wherein the inoculated sludge is the sludge discharge of domestic sewage treatment plant; Three, the aeration rate of the biological aerated filter is reduced so that the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter is at 2.5 ~ 3.5mg/L, and it is maintained for 15 days; 4. Then increase the influent water volume to 55%~65% of the system design water volume, reduce the reflux ratio to 150%, and control the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter at 2.5~3.5mg/L for 15 days; , Then increase the influent water volume to 75%~85% of the system design water volume, increase the aeration volume of the biological aerated filter so that the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter is 4.5~5.5mg/L, and maintain for 15 days; 6. Then increase the influent water volume to the design water volume of the system, adjust the reflux ratio to the design reflux ratio of the system, control the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter at 4.5~5.5mg/L, and run until the effluent reaches the national regulation " Comprehensive Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918-2002) "Class I A standard; that is, the start-up of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter has been completed.
本发明方法减少了驯化环节，而且减少了驯化时间，并且降低了调试成本。本发明方法可快速在前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺中的缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的培养出反硝化菌，尽快完成调试投入使用；采用本发明方法在3.5~4.5个月可将前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺的出水调试达标。The method of the invention reduces the steps of domestication, reduces the time of domestication, and reduces the debugging cost. The method of the present invention can quickly cultivate denitrifying bacteria in the anoxic denitrification biological filter in the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process, and complete debugging and put into use as soon as possible; the method of the present invention can be used within 3.5 to 4.5 months The effluent of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process has been adjusted to meet the standard.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：本实施方式中前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺快速启动的方法是按下述步骤完成的：一、按前置反硝化曝气生物滤池系统设计水量的35%~45%（以体积计）向前置反硝化曝气生物滤池内通入污水，控制缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的C：N的摩尔比不小于4，曝气生物滤池的曝气量按照前置反硝化曝气生物滤池的满负荷运转时的气量供应，至（是曝气生物滤池与缺氧生物滤池内的滤料挂膜，上述运行过程中不需要回流（此过程需要30~35天）；二、然后将曝气量降至满负荷运转时气量的三分之一，同时开启回流装置，将曝气生物滤池处理后的水回流按100%（以体积计）回流比至缺氧生物滤池，维持10天，每隔2天向缺氧反硝化生物滤池中按照进水量的万分之一投加接种污泥，然后将回流比增加到150%，维持10天，再将回流比增加到200%，维持10天；其中接种污泥为生活污水处理厂的排泥；三、再将曝气生物滤池的曝气量降低至曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧在2.5~3.5mg/L，维持15天；四、然后将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的55%~65%，回流比降低到150%，曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧仍控制在2.5~3.5mg/L，维持15天；五、再将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的75%~85%，增加曝气生物滤池的曝气量使曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧为4.5~5.5mg/L，维持15天；六、然后将进水水量增加到系统的设计水量，回流比调成系统的设计回流比，曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧控制在4.5~5.5mg/L，运行至出水达到国家规定的《城镇污水处理厂综合排放标准(GB18918—2002)》一级A标准（需要15~30天时间）；即完成了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池的启动。Specific implementation mode one: the method for quick start of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process in this embodiment is completed according to the following steps: one, by 35%~ of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter system design water yield 45% (by volume) of sewage is passed into the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter, and the molar ratio of C:N in the anoxic denitrification biological filter is controlled to be not less than 4. The aeration of the biological aerated filter The air volume is supplied according to the full load operation of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter, to (it is the filter material in the biological aerated filter and the anoxic biological filter, and there is no need for backflow during the above operation (this The process takes 30~35 days); 2. Then reduce the aeration volume to one-third of the air volume at full load operation, and open the backflow device at the same time, and return the water treated by the biological aerated filter to 100% (in volume Calculate the reflux ratio to the anoxic biofilter, maintain it for 10 days, add inoculated sludge to the anoxic denitrification biofilter every 2 days according to 1/10,000 of the influent, and then increase the reflux ratio to 150% , maintained for 10 days, then increased the reflux ratio to 200%, and maintained for 10 days; the inoculated sludge was the sludge discharge from the domestic sewage treatment plant; 3. Reduce the aeration rate of the biological aerated filter to the biological aerated filter The dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the pool is 2.5~3.5mg/L, and it is maintained for 15 days; 4. Then increase the influent water volume to 55%~65% of the system design water volume, reduce the reflux ratio to 150%, and the effluent of the biological aerated filter Dissolved oxygen is still controlled at 2.5~3.5mg/L and maintained for 15 days; 5. Increase the influent water volume to 75%~85% of the system design water volume, and increase the aeration volume of the biological aerated filter to make the biological aerated filter The dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the pool is 4.5~5.5mg/L, which is maintained for 15 days. Control at 4.5~5.5mg/L, and run until the effluent reaches the first-level A standard of the "Comprehensive Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918-2002)" stipulated by the state (it takes 15~30 days); that is, the pre-denitrification is completed Start-up of biological aerated filter.
本实施方式方法是先初步挂膜，再重点培养驯化硝化菌，再培养驯化反硝化菌的方针。并辅助以污泥接种技术，消氧剂消除溶解氧技术等方法，不仅减少了驯化环节，而且减少了驯化时间，并且降低了调试成本。The method of this embodiment is the guideline of initially forming the film, then emphatically cultivating the domesticated nitrifying bacteria, and then cultivating the domesticated denitrifying bacteria. And assisted by sludge inoculation technology, deoxidizer to eliminate dissolved oxygen technology and other methods, not only reduces the domestication process, but also reduces the domestication time, and reduces the commissioning cost.
前置反硝化曝气生物滤池系统设计水量一般为3～40万吨/天。The design water volume of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter system is generally 30,000 to 400,000 tons/day.
本实施方式方法中的通水可在正式调试之前进行（如在过冬期或设备试车阶段），缩短了调试时间；步骤一采用过量曝气能加快硝化菌的培养驯化。而且由于先不回流，也无需担心过量溶解氧对反硝化段造成冲击。步骤二中采用的逐步提高回流比的方法能有效避免突然增加的水力负荷对反硝化滤池生物膜的冲击，采用的污泥接种技术可以大大减少驯化时间。步骤二至四中所采用的逐渐降低好氧滤池曝气量的办法可以在反硝化菌培养初期给反硝化滤池提供低溶解氧环境。步骤三中采用的投加消氧剂的方法可以在反硝化菌培养初期提供最好的低溶解氧环境。步骤四至六中所采用的逐步提高进水水量的方法可以有效的避免提高进水量对生物膜造成冲击；步骤四至六中所采用的逐渐提高好氧滤池溶解氧的方法可以在反硝化菌培养中后期通过提高好氧滤池的硝化效率提高硝酸盐的含量。步骤三中如仅通过风机降频无法达到控制溶解氧量，可采用风机一拖二（一台风机对两个滤池曝气），二托三（两台风机对三个滤池曝气），或者风机间歇曝气的办法。如果还是无法达到此数值，采用向回流水中投加消氧剂的措施来消除溶解氧。消氧剂可采用次氯酸钠溶液，投加量可根据反硝化滤池滤板下和滤池中段的溶解氧来控制，一般在10mg/L以下。The water flow in the method of this embodiment can be carried out before the formal commissioning (such as in the overwintering period or the equipment trial run stage), which shortens the commissioning time; step 1 adopts excessive aeration to speed up the cultivation and domestication of nitrifying bacteria. And because there is no backflow first, there is no need to worry about the impact of excessive dissolved oxygen on the denitrification section. The method of gradually increasing the reflux ratio adopted in the second step can effectively avoid the impact of the sudden increase of hydraulic load on the biofilm of the denitrification filter, and the adopted sludge inoculation technology can greatly reduce the domestication time. The method of gradually reducing the aeration rate of the aerobic filter used in steps 2 to 4 can provide a low dissolved oxygen environment for the denitrification filter at the initial stage of denitrification bacteria cultivation. The method of adding oxygen scavenger used in step three can provide the best low dissolved oxygen environment at the initial stage of denitrifying bacteria cultivation. The method of gradually increasing the influent water volume adopted in steps 4 to 6 can effectively avoid the impact of increasing the influent water volume on the biofilm; the method of gradually increasing the dissolved oxygen in the aerobic filter used in steps 4 to 6 can be cultivated in denitrifying bacteria In the middle and late stages, the nitrate content was increased by increasing the nitrification efficiency of the aerobic filter. In step 3, if the dissolved oxygen cannot be controlled only by reducing the frequency of the fans, one fan can be used to drive two (one fan aerates two filters), and two fans three (two fans aerate three filters) , or the method of fan intermittent aeration. If this value still cannot be reached, the method of adding an oxygen scavenger to the return water is used to eliminate dissolved oxygen. Sodium hypochlorite solution can be used as the oxygen scavenger, and the dosage can be controlled according to the dissolved oxygen under the filter plate of the denitrification filter and in the middle of the filter, generally below 10mg/L.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是：步骤一中按系统设计水量的40%（以体积计）向前置反硝化曝气生物滤池内通入污水。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that: In step 1, 40% (by volume) of the system design water volume is used to feed sewage into the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter tank. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是：步骤一中控制缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的C：N的摩尔比为5~10。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一或二相同。Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that in Step 1, the molar ratio of C:N in the anoxic denitrification biological filter is controlled to be 5-10. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是：步骤一中控制缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的C：N的摩尔比为11~15。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一或二相同。Embodiment 4: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in that: in step 1, the molar ratio of C:N in the anoxic denitrification biological filter is controlled to be 11-15. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是：步骤三中将曝气生物滤池的曝气量降低使曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧在3.0mg/L。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。Embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 in that: in step 3, the aeration rate of the biological aerated filter is reduced so that the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter is 3.0 mg/L. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 4.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同的是：步骤五中将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的80%。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一至五之一相同。Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 5 is that in step 5, the amount of influent water is increased to 80% of the designed water amount of the system. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 5.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是：步骤五中增加曝气生物滤池的曝气量使曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧为5.0mg/L。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一至六之一相同。Embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 in that: in step 5, increase the aeration rate of the biological aerated filter so that the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter is 5.0 mg/L. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 6.
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至七之一不同的是：步骤六中曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧控制在5.0mg/L。其它步骤和参数与具体实施方式一至七之一相同。Embodiment 8: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 7 in that: in step 6, the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter is controlled at 5.0 mg/L. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 7.
具体实施方式九：本实施方式中前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺快速启动的方法是按下述步骤完成的：一、按前置反硝化曝气生物滤池系统设计水量的40%（以体积计）向前置反硝化曝气生物滤池内通入污水，控制缺氧反硝化生物滤池内的C：N的摩尔比为4，曝气生物滤池的曝气量按照前置反硝化曝气生物滤池的满负荷运转时的气量供应，至曝气生物滤池与缺氧生物滤池内的滤料均挂膜，上述运行过程中不需要回流（此过程需要30~35天）；二、然后将曝气量降至满负荷运转时气量的三分之一，同时开启回流装置，将曝气生物滤池处理后的水回流按100%（以体积计）回流比至缺氧生物滤池，维持10天，每隔2天向缺氧反硝化生物滤池中按照进水量的万分之一投加接种污泥，然后将回流比增加到150%，维持10天，再将回流比增加到200%，维持10天；其中接种污泥为生活污水处理厂的排泥；三、再将曝气生物滤池的曝气量降低至曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧在3.0mg/L，维持15天；四、然后将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的60%，回流比降低到150%，曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧仍控制在2.5~3.5mg/L，维持15天；五、再将进水水量增加到系统设计水量的80%，增加曝气生物滤池的曝气量使曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧为5.0mg/L，维持15天；六、然后将进水水量增加到系统的设计水量，回流比调成系统的设计回流比，曝气生物滤池出水的溶解氧控制在5.0mg/L，运行至出水达到国家规定的《城镇污水处理厂综合排放标准(GB18918—2002)》一级A标准（需要15~30天时间）；即完成了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池的启动。Specific implementation manner nine: the method for quick starting of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter process in this embodiment is completed according to the following steps: one, by 40% of the design water volume of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter system ( In terms of volume), sewage is passed into the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter, the molar ratio of C:N in the anoxic denitrification biological filter is controlled to be 4, and the aeration volume of the biological aerated filter is in accordance with the The air volume supply of the denitrification biological aerated filter at full load operation, to the filter materials in the biological aerated filter and the anoxic biological filter are all coated with membranes, and no backflow is required during the above operation (this process requires 30~35 day); 2. Then reduce the aeration volume to one-third of the gas volume at full load operation, and at the same time turn on the backflow device, and return the water treated by the biological aerated filter to 100% (by volume) backflow ratio to The anoxic biological filter is maintained for 10 days, and the inoculation sludge is added to the anoxic denitrification biological filter every 2 days according to one ten thousandth of the influent, and then the reflux ratio is increased to 150%, and the maintenance is maintained for 10 days. Then increase the reflux ratio to 200% and keep it for 10 days; the inoculated sludge is the sludge discharge from the domestic sewage treatment plant; third, reduce the aeration rate of the biological aerated filter to the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter At 3.0mg/L, maintain it for 15 days; 4. Then increase the influent water volume to 60% of the system design water volume, reduce the reflux ratio to 150%, and control the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter at 2.5~3.5mg/L L, maintained for 15 days; 5. Increase the influent water volume to 80% of the system design water volume, increase the aeration volume of the biological aerated filter so that the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter is 5.0mg/L, and maintain 15 Sixth, increase the influent water volume to the design water volume of the system, adjust the reflux ratio to the design reflux ratio of the system, control the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the biological aerated filter at 5.0mg/L, and run until the effluent reaches the national regulation " Comprehensive Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918-2002) "Class I A Standard (15-30 days required); that is, the start-up of the pre-denitrification biological aerated filter has been completed.
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