CN101750868B - Panoramic space three-dimensional display device simultaneously having horizontal and pitching multiple visual fields - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multi-fields of view. The device includes a high-speed projector, a selective transmission directional scattering screen, a mirror system and a rotating device. The selective transmission directional scattering screen can control the divergence angle of the outgoing light in different directions, so that the observer can see binocular parallax images of different viewing angles at different positions in the horizontal direction and vertical direction, and realize the three-dimensional objects in the panoramic space. three-dimensional display. The panorama space three-dimensional display device provided by the present invention with both horizontal and vertical fields of view can display a 360° horizontal peripheral view image of a three-dimensional scene, and can also provide images with multiple annular fields of view in the pitch direction to realize three-dimensional display. Based on the three-dimensional display system of the present invention, a real three-dimensional perfect display can be realized for multiple people to watch with naked eyes at 360° and has a space blanking function.

Description

Panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multi-field of view at the same time

technical field

The invention relates to a display device, in particular to a three-dimensional display device in a panoramic space with multiple fields of view in horizontal and pitch.

Background technique

People's three-dimensional perception of objects is generated through a variety of depth cues, mainly including binocular parallax, motion parallax, adjustment, etc. Optical devices or structures that can produce binocular parallax can allow observers to produce three-dimensional stereoscopic vision. With the advancement of science and technology, the display technology is gradually developing from the traditional two-dimensional display to the new three-dimensional three-dimensional display. Currently, 3D display technologies mainly include stereoscopic 3D display, automatic stereoscopic 3D display, holographic 3D display and volumetric 3D display. The application range of 3D display technology is also very wide, and it has good prospects in many aspects such as virtual reality, medical imaging, exploration, construction, film and television entertainment, video communication, scientific display and commodity advertisement. At present, the parallax display based on the combination of flat panel display and parallax grating or arrayed cylindrical mirror has gradually entered the practical stage. This display technology can realize automatic multi-view parallax stereoscopic display, generally a stereoscopic three-dimensional display with single-digit viewing angles. However, due to the limitations of the viewing angle and display principle, this technology cannot realize the 360° surround three-dimensional display of the stereoscopic scene. In recent years, 360° spatial three-dimensional display has become a hotspot of development. This display method is a display technology that is closer to people viewing three-dimensional objects in actual physical space. Various methods have been proposed, among which volumetric three-dimensional display technology is the most representative technology. Traditional volumetric 3D display includes volume static display and volume sweep display. Both of the two volumetric three-dimensional display methods realize the three-dimensional display of volume space objects by controlling the brightness of each voxel distributed in the volume space. In this method, the slice information of the 3D scene outline is displayed in the volume space by scanning. This method has horizontal parallax and vertical parallax, which can be used for 360° surround viewing, and is suitable for multiple people to watch with naked eyes. However, the displayed 3D scene is perspective, and the spatial occlusion effect cannot be realized. In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional volumetric 3D display that cannot be blanked and viewing the actual 3D scene, many scientific research institutions have carried out related research, combining the principles and methods of volumetric 3D display and self-viewing 3D display, and proposed many new methods. Methods. Most of them limit the characteristics of the rotating screen, control the direction of the outgoing light, and realize a three-dimensional display that can be viewed by multiple people with 360° naked eyes and can be blanked in space. However, these currently proposed methods have a common feature that although these methods can provide the space occlusion (blanking) effect required by the actual three-dimensional display, they can only provide the spatial three-dimensional display of parallax in the horizontal 360° direction. However, it is unable to provide more spatial three-dimensional display information of the pitch field of view.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a panoramic three-dimensional display device with multiple fields of view, both horizontal and vertical.

A panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multiple fields of view at the same time, including a first high-speed projector 1, a first mirror system 2, a rotating device 3 and a selective transmission-type directional scattering screen 4; the selective transmission-type orientation The center of the scattering screen 4 is provided with a rotating device 3 , the upper end of the rotating device 3 is provided with a first mirror system 2 , and a first high-speed projector 1 is provided at the corresponding position of the first mirror system 2 . The first reflector system 2 is a single-layer structure, consisting of one or more first reflectors 5, and each first reflector 5 forms a different angle with the horizontal plane. The first reflector system 2 can also be a multilayer structure, each layer is composed of one or more first reflectors 5, the first reflectors 5 of the same layer form the same angle with the horizontal plane, and the first reflectors of different layers form the same angle with the horizontal plane. A mirror 5 is at different angles to the horizontal. The first reflecting mirror system 2 is a multi-layer structure, each layer is composed of one or more first reflecting mirrors 5, and the first reflecting mirrors 5 on the same layer form different angles to the horizontal plane.

Another panorama space three-dimensional display device with both horizontal and vertical fields of view includes a first high-speed projector 1 , a second mirror system 6 , a rotating device 3 and a selective transmission directional scattering screen 4 . The rotating device 3 is provided with a second mirror system 6 , and above and below the second mirror system 6 are provided with a selective transmission type directional scattering screen 4 and a first high-speed projector 1 . The second mirror system 6 includes a first mirror group 7 and a second mirror group 8 . The first mirror mirror group 7 is positioned at the center of the second mirror system 6, and the second mirror mirror group 8 is positioned at the outside of the second mirror system 6; the first mirror mirror group 7 or the second mirror mirror group 8 It is more than one reflecting mirror, reflecting prism or combination of reflecting mirror and reflecting prism. The first mirror group 7 or the second mirror group 8 is a single-layer or multi-layer structure.

Another panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multi-fields of view includes a first high-speed projector 1, a second high-speed projector 9, a second mirror system 6, a third mirror system 10, two rotating Device 3 and selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4; on the two rotating devices 3, a second reflector system 6 and a third reflector system 10 are respectively arranged, and on the second reflector system 6 and the third reflector system 10 A selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 is arranged between them, and a first high-speed projector 1 and a second high-speed projector 9 are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the two rotating devices 3 . The second mirror system 6 includes a first mirror group 7 and a second mirror group 8; the third mirror system 10 includes a third mirror group 11 and a fourth mirror group 12. The first mirror group 7, the second mirror group 8, the third mirror group 11 or the fourth mirror group 12 are more than one mirror, reflective prism or combination of reflective mirror and reflective prism . The first mirror group 7 , the second mirror group 8 , the third mirror group 11 or the fourth mirror group 12 are single-layer or multi-layer structures.

The selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 is a transmissive holographic directional scattering screen, a binary optical element or an optical element with a grating structure; the structure of the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 is a cylindrical surface or a polygonal cylinder surface .

The present invention proposes a panoramic three-dimensional display device with both horizontal and pitch multi-fields of view, which mainly utilizes the selective transmittance of the selective transmission directional scattering screen in different directions, and the 360° surrounding field of view in the horizontal direction can be Based on the viewing angle, by changing the inclination angle of the rotating mirror, multiple annular fields of view are added in the vertical direction. The present invention proposes a more general structure for the shape of the selective transmission directional scattering screen, which is a cylindrical surface or a polygonal cylindrical surface. The present invention proposes a panoramic three-dimensional display device with both horizontal and vertical fields of view. Three methods are mainly used to realize the three-dimensional display of panoramic space. The high-speed projector and the selective transmission directional scattering screen are both fixed parts. The rotating part is only the reflector system, and the system structure is relatively simple, which can well meet the simultaneous observation of multiple people at different positions and different heights.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of a panoramic space three-dimensional display device type I with both horizontal and pitch multiple fields of view;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the first single-layer reflector system;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first structural example of a multilayer first reflector system;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second structural example of the multilayer first mirror system;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third structural example of the multilayer first mirror system;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a type II panoramic space three-dimensional display device with both horizontal and pitch multiple fields of view;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a type III panoramic space three-dimensional display device with both horizontal and pitch multiple fields of view;

Fig. 8 (a) is the structural representation of the selective transmission type directional scattering screen of cylindrical surface;

Figure 8(b) is a schematic structural view of a selective transmission directional scattering screen with a quadrangular prism surface;

Figure 8(c) is a schematic structural view of a selective transmission directional scattering screen with a hexagonal prism;

In the figure: first high-speed projector 1, first mirror system 2, rotating device 3, selective transmission directional scattering screen 4, first mirror 5, second mirror system 6, first mirror group 7 , The second mirror group 8, the second high-speed projector 9, the third mirror system 10, the third mirror group 11, and the fourth mirror group 12.

Detailed ways

A panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multi-field of view at the same time, which mainly utilizes the selective transmission of the selective transmission directional scattering screen in different directions, and can be visualized on the basis of a 360° surround field of view in the horizontal direction , by changing the inclination angle of the rotating mirror, a plurality of annular fields of view are added in the vertical direction, and three-dimensional display of multiple pitching fields of view is realized. This three-dimensional display device can simultaneously display the 360°horizontal peripheral view of the three-dimensional scene, and also provide multi-ring field of view display in the pitch direction, realizing the perfect display of the real three-dimensional space with the space blanking function, which can be used by many people Horizontal 360° and tilt multi-angle observation.

As shown in Figure 1, the type I panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multiple fields of view mainly includes a fixed first high-speed projector 1 and a selective transmission directional scattering screen 4, and the rotating part is the first mirror system 2. It is installed on the rotating device 3 and rotates together with it. The first high-speed projector 1 is located above the device, and a rotating first mirror system 2 is arranged below it, and a fixed selective transmission directional scattering screen 4 is located outside the first mirror system 2 . The fixed selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 is used as a display screen to limit the divergence angles of the outgoing rays incident in different directions, so as to realize a panoramic three-dimensional display with multiple fields of view in both horizontal and pitch directions. The computer processes and combines the horizontal 360° images of various viewing angles at different heights of the three-dimensional scene to be displayed in advance, and transmits them to the first high-speed projector 1 for display. The first high-speed projector 1 projects the processed combined images sequentially, and the light is deflected by the first mirror system 2 and then projected onto annular fields of view at different heights to adapt to the three-dimensional display of the panoramic space with different pitching angles. When the first mirror system 2 is rotated by the rotating device 3 , it realizes refreshing of different viewing angles of 360° in the horizontal direction. Assuming that the first reflector system 2 is composed of two first reflectors 5, the included angles between the two first reflectors 5 and the horizontal plane are different so as to adapt to two annular fields of view at different heights. When the first mirror system 2 rotates one revolution, the three-dimensional image can only complete a refreshment of the panoramic space field of view of two pitching angles of view and a horizontal 360° full angle of view. Therefore, the faster the rotation speed of the first mirror system 2, the obtained three-dimensional image will be more stable. Generally, when the rotating device reaches more than 15 revolutions and the refresh rate is more than 15Hz, the displayed three-dimensional image will reduce the flickering feeling and be relatively stable. Throughout the device, the projection frame rate of the first high-speed projector 1 must match the rotational speed of the system. Assuming that there are n (n>10 is an integer) viewing angles in one circle in the horizontal direction, the projection frame rate of the first high-speed projector 1 is v frames per second, and the rotational speed of the rotating device 3 is ω per second, then the three satisfy the relationship v = ω·n. Only when the above relationship is satisfied, the system can realize the synchronization of rotation and projection and determine the direction of displaying the 3D scene, and the 3D image displayed by the whole device can be stable. Of course, the system can also be turned upside down, and the first high-speed projector 1 projects from the bottom to the top, and can still realize the three-dimensional display of the panoramic space with multiple fields of view at the same time. Different installation methods bring convenience for the three-dimensional display device in panoramic space to adapt to different environments and scenes.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the first reflective mirror system 2 is a single-layer structure composed of one or more first reflective mirrors 5 . The first reflector 5 is at different angles to the horizontal plane, and the images projected by the first high-speed projector 1 are reflected by the first reflector 5 at different angles and then projected onto the annular field of view at different heights of the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 superior. The first mirror system is mounted on the rotating device 3 and rotates together therewith. The rotation axis of the rotation device 3 does not necessarily coincide with the center of the first mirror system. Assuming that the first mirror system 2 is composed of n (n≥2 is an integer) pieces of first mirrors 5 and each piece has a different angle with the horizontal plane, then corresponding to n different pitch fields of view, the refreshment of the three-dimensional image The frequency is the same as the rotation frequency of the rotation device 3 . When some first reflectors 5 in the first reflector system 2 are at the same angle to the horizontal plane, the images projected onto the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 by these first reflectors 5 correspond to the same annulus Field of view; the first reflectors 5 at different angles to the horizontal plane correspond to annular field of view at different heights, and the images projected onto the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 by these first reflectors 5 are located at different heights of the screen , in order to realize a 360° panoramic field of view in the horizontal direction, and also realize the spatial display of multiple pitching fields of view.

As shown in Figure 3, the first reflector system 2 is a multi-layer structure, each layer is composed of one or more first reflectors 5, and the first reflectors 5 on the same layer form the same angle with the horizontal plane, Different layers correspond to different annular fields of view. The first mirror system 2 of this structure is a symmetrical structure, and each layer corresponds to the same annular field of view. The first high-speed projector 1 projects an image, and the image reflected by the first mirror system 2 on the same layer corresponds to the same field of view of the pitch ring. The elevation field of view is realized by the angles between the first mirrors 5 of each layer and the horizontal plane being different. As shown in Figure 4, the first reflector system 2 is a multi-layer structure, each layer is composed of a first reflector 5, and each first reflector 5 forms different angles with the horizontal plane, which can also realize For the three-dimensional display of the panoramic viewing field space of multiple pitching viewing fields, the rotation frequency of the rotating device 3 is the refresh frequency of the three-dimensional image. Assuming that the first reflector system 2 has an m (m≥2 is an integer) layer structure, and each layer is composed of n (n≥1 is an integer) first reflectors 5, then it corresponds to m different pitch fields of view , while the refresh frequency of the three-dimensional image is n times the rotation frequency of the rotation device 3 . In the case of the same rotational speed, this symmetrical structure improves the refresh rate of the three-dimensional image. At the same time, due to the symmetry of the structure, it is also more balanced and stable for the rotation of the device.

As shown in Figure 5, the first reflector system 2 is a multi-layer structure, each layer is composed of one or more first reflectors 5, and the first reflectors 5 on the same layer form different angles with the horizontal plane, Mirrors at different angles to the horizontal correspond to different annular fields of view. This structure is an asymmetrical structure, the first reflector 5 at the same angle with the horizontal plane corresponds to the annular field of view in the same direction, and it can provide images of multiple fields of view in elevation to observers at different heights. Corresponding.

As shown in Figure 6, the type II panoramic space three-dimensional display device with horizontal and pitch multi-field of view includes a first high-speed projector 1, a second mirror system 6, a rotating device 3 and a selective transmission directional scattering screen 4 . The second mirror system 6 is installed on the rotating device 3 and rotates together with it. The first high-speed projector 1 and the selective transmission directional scattering screen 4 are correspondingly arranged on both sides of the second mirror system 6 . The second reflector system 6 includes a first reflector mirror group 7 and a second reflector mirror group 8; the first reflector mirror group 7 is located at the center of the second reflector system 6, and the second reflector mirror group 8 is located outside the second mirror system 6 . The first reflective mirror group 7 and the second reflective mirror group 8 are single-layer or multi-layer structures, which are multiple reflective mirrors, reflective prisms or a combination of reflective mirrors and reflective prisms. The computer processes and combines the horizontal 360° images of various viewing angles at different heights of the three-dimensional scene to be displayed in advance, and transmits them to the first high-speed projector 1 for display. The first high-speed projector 1 projects the processed combined image sequentially, and projects the light rays to a 180°-different angle through the first mirror mirror group 7 and the second mirror mirror group 8 in the second mirror system 6. The three-dimensional display of the panoramic space adapts to different pitching angles of view on the annular field of view at different heights. The rotating device 3 drives the second mirror system 6 to rotate to realize the refreshing of the 360° panoramic field of view in the horizontal direction. The faster the rotation speed of the second mirror system 6 is, the more stable the obtained three-dimensional image will be. Similarly, this structure also needs to ensure the synchronization of rotation and projection in order to keep the displayed three-dimensional image stable. The first high-speed projector 1 can be located below the device and project from bottom to top; it can also be located above the device and project from top to bottom. The rotating part of this structure is separated from the projection screen, and the selective transmission directional scattering screen 4 does not have any rotating part inside, which is easy to install and can be applied in various scenarios.

As shown in Fig. 7, the panorama space three-dimensional display device type III with horizontal and pitch multi-field of view includes a first high-speed projector 1, a second high-speed projector 9, a second mirror system 6, and a third mirror system 10. The rotating device 3 and the selective transmission type directional scattering screen 4; the second reflecting mirror system 6 and the third reflecting mirror system 10 are respectively arranged on the two rotating devices 3, and the second reflecting mirror system 6 and the third reflecting mirror system A selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 is arranged between the mirror systems 10 , and a first high-speed projector 1 and a second high-speed projector 9 are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the two rotating devices 3 . The second mirror system 6 includes a first mirror group 7 and a second mirror group 8; the third mirror system 10 includes a third mirror group 11 and a fourth mirror group 12. The first reflector mirror group 7, the second reflector mirror group 8, the third reflector mirror group 11 and the fourth reflector mirror group 12 are single-layer or multilayer structures, and are multi-block reflectors, reflector prisms or reflectors Combination with reflective prisms. The first high-speed projector 1 is located below the device and projects from bottom to top; the second high-speed projector 9 is located above the device and projects from top to bottom. The first high-speed projector 1 projects the combined image processed by the computer from the center of the lower rotating shaft. After the image passes through the first mirror group 7 in the second mirror system 6, it passes through the second mirror group 8 The turning is projected onto the selective transmission type directional scattering screen 4; the second high-speed projector 9 projects the combined image processed by the computer from the center of the upper rotating shaft, and the image passes through the third mirror in the third mirror system 10 After the group 11, it is turned and projected onto the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 through the fourth reflective mirror group 12. The images projected by the first high-speed projector 1 and the second high-speed projector 9 are projected onto rings at different heights of the screen to adapt to different elevation viewing angles. The rotation of the second mirror system 6 and the third mirror system 10 is driven by the rotating device 3 to refresh the 360° panoramic field of view in the horizontal direction. Under the condition of the same rotational speed, the refreshing frequency of the three-dimensional image is doubled by adopting the mode of dual high-speed projectors and the mode of adopting single high-speed projector. This undoubtedly improves the refresh rate and stability of the displayed image. Of course, this method must also ensure the matching between the system rotation and the frame rate of the projector to determine the display orientation of the 3D image and ensure the stability of the 3D image.

As shown in Figure 8, the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4, the screen is a transmissive holographic directional scattering screen, a binary optical element or an optical element with other grating structures; the selective transmissive directional scattering screen 4 The structure of the cylinder is cylindrical or polygonal. The screen limits the light angle of the transmitted light, which is transmitted in the vertical direction and emitted at a certain angle, and directly transmitted at a small angle in the horizontal direction. In this way, it is emitted at a small angle in the horizontal direction to ensure that only images that can be viewed at this angle of view can be seen at different viewing angle positions, while in the vertical direction, due to the light passing through and emitting at a certain angle, different viewing angles can be seen in different viewing angles. image.

Claims (1)

1. panoramic space three-dimensional display device that has level and pitching multiple visual fields simultaneously, its characteristic are to comprise first high-speed projector (1), first mirror system (2), wheelwork (3) and selective transmission formula directional scattering screen (4); Selective transmission formula directional scattering screen (4) center is provided with wheelwork (3), and wheelwork (3) upper end is provided with first mirror system (2), is provided with first high-speed projector (1) in the corresponding position of first mirror system (2); Described first mirror system (2) is a sandwich construction, each layer is made up of 1 or polylith first catoptron (5), first catoptron (5) with one deck becomes equal angular with surface level, first catoptron (5) of different layers becomes different angles with surface level, and perhaps first catoptron (5) with one deck becomes different angles with surface level.

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