CN101750748A - Stereoscopic image display device - Google Patents
Stereoscopic image display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101750748A CN101750748A CN200810178854A CN200810178854A CN101750748A CN 101750748 A CN101750748 A CN 101750748A CN 200810178854 A CN200810178854 A CN 200810178854A CN 200810178854 A CN200810178854 A CN 200810178854A CN 101750748 A CN101750748 A CN 101750748A
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Abstract
A stereoscopic image display device comprises a polarization module, a non-vertically arranged polarization light shielding grating unit and an image display unit. The polarization module outputs polarized light. The non-vertically arranged polarized light shielding grating units are arranged in an optical path of polarized light thereof to modulate the polarized light to output modulated polarized light respectively in an interlaced manner. The image display unit receives the modulated polarized light of the non-vertically arranged polarized light shielding grating unit to output two or more images with parallax.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of image display technique, and particularly relevant for a kind of stereopsis display technique.
Background technology
Traditional stereopsis display technique, its stereopsis are presented under the mechanism of using light shield (barrier), and the kind of light shield mainly can be divided into three modes, promptly is energy light shield, polarization light shield and color light shield.The mask 3 d display device in past mainly adopts energy light shield mode, and it is constructed as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 illustrates tradition and utilizes the energy restraining barrier to show the schematic diagram of mechanism of stereopsis.Consult Fig. 1, one backlight 100 provides light source, expose to parallax light shield (Parallax Barrier) 101, parallax light shield 101 is to have printing opacity and light tight alternate vertical stripes, make light present strip outgoing at interval, cooperate the position of the pixel of penetration display unit 102 again, make an eye of winning see first picture image according to people's eyes.Simultaneously, second eye seen second picture image in addition.So, left eye separate with the image of right eye and between a parallax is arranged.According to visual characteristic, this parallax can produce stereopsis, and it is the fundamental mechanism of stereo display technique.In Fig. 1, by the effect of parallax light shield 101, left eye can only be seen odd-numbered line pixel 01,03,05,07,09 etc., and left eye be cannot see the even number line pixel; Simultaneously, right eye can only be seen even number line pixel 02,04,06,08,10 etc., and right eye be cannot see the odd-numbered line pixel.The image of odd-numbered line pixel is at identical target image with the even number line pixel, but a parallax is arranged.Two images constitute stereopsis in the vision system of human eye.This mode causes the resolution of directions X to reduce half.Directions X can be described as horizontal direction again.This kind mode also can't be carried out the 2D/3D display mode and be switched, and restriction screen placing direction, can only be the parallax light shield of vertical stripes.
With the similar structure of Fig. 1, also can do some variations.Fig. 2 illustrates tradition and utilizes the energy restraining barrier to show the another kind of schematic diagram of mechanism of stereopsis.Consult Fig. 2, its structure and Fig. 1 adopt vertical stripes equally, difference is with parallax light shield 101 and penetration display unit 102 place-exchange, in other words, Fig. 1 is the same one side that penetration display unit 102 is placed in backlight 100 and parallax light shield 101, Fig. 2 is placed in penetration display unit 102 between backlight 100 and the parallax light shield 101, the effect that Fig. 2 obtained is as shown in Figure 1, cause directions X resolution to reduce half equally, can't carry out the switching of 2D/3D display mode, and restriction screen placing direction can only be the parallax light shield of vertical stripes.In other words, the display technique of stereopsis still continues in research and development.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of holographic display device, the demonstration of permission stereopsis does not only limit and shows in vertical direction, and can have a plurality of angles to do free conversion, and the switching of 2D/3D display mode can be arranged.
The present invention proposes a kind of holographic display device, comprises a polarization module, a non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit and an image display cell.The polarization module is exported a polarized light.Non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit is placed in the light path of its polarized light, makes into interlacing with modulated polarized light and exports a modulated polarized light respectively.Image display cell receives the modulated polarized light of this non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit, to export the image that two or more have parallax.
According to one embodiment of the invention, at described holographic display device, in for example non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit, also comprise: a microfacies potential difference unit, have the staggered interlacing of the non-perpendicular arranged type first phase modulation (PM) material and the second phase modulation (PM) material and arrange, with a plurality of light modulated of output after the phase place of modulating this polarized light respectively; And a polarizing coating, receive those light modulated of this microfacies potential difference unit, to export this modulated polarized light.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described holographic display device, for example also comprise an even formula phase differential unit, it is vertical in fact with an optical axis direction of this microfacies potential difference unit to have an optical axis direction, is placed between this polarization module and this polarizing coating.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described holographic display device, for example the first phase modulation (PM) material of microfacies potential difference unit and the second phase modulation (PM) material are that list structure is not orthogonal to horizontal axis.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described holographic display device, for example the first phase modulation (PM) material and the second phase modulation (PM) material are not wide.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described holographic display device, for example cooperate a cell array of this image display cell, in a plurality of angles, put arbitrarily, to show a stereopsis.
The present invention proposes a kind of dual mode image display device, comprises a polarization module, a display unit and a non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit.The polarization module provides a polarized light.Display unit is in order to show an image of corresponding 2 dimensions or 3 dimensions.Non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit is between this polarization module and this display unit, comprises a control element, is modulated this image that control is tieed up with this image that presents corresponding 3 dimensions of one first state or one second state corresponding 2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example the polarization module is an one-piece construction, by a polarizing coating to obtain this polarized light.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, one side for example non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding raster unit is at the polarizing coating that has in the face of display unit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example its control element can be polarization state rotation liquid crystal board.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example its control element can be a diffuse transmission type liquid crystal board.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example non-perpendicular arranged type polarized light shielding parallax grating unit also comprises a non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit, have a first area and a second area, wherein when this control element presents this first state, this first area and this second area form polarized light shielding parallax grating, and then this first area does not produce this polarized light with this second area and shields parallax grating when this control element presents this second state.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, the phase differential difference that the first area of for example non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit and second area have half-wavelength (λ/2) makes this two zone divide other two polarization state orthogonal.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit is between control element and polarization module.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example control element is between non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit and polarization module.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, the first area of for example non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit and the list structure of second area are not orthogonal to a horizontal direction.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example also comprise an even formula phase differential unit, it is vertical with an optical axis direction of this non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit to have an optical axis direction, is placed in one side of this polarization module and this non-perpendicular arranged type microfacies potential difference unit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example also comprise an image display cell, and cooperate a cell array of this image display cell, in a plurality of angles, put arbitrarily, to show a stereopsis.
The present invention proposes a kind of dual mode image display device, comprises a polarization module, an even formula phase differential unit, a control element, a microfacies potential difference unit of non-perpendicular formula, a display unit.The polarization module is in order to provide a polarized light source.Evenly there are a primary optic axis direction and first amount of phase difference in formula phase differential unit.Controlled the making of control element presents a unmodulated state or a modulation condition.Microfacies potential difference unit has a first area and a second area, wherein works as control element according to controlled modulation condition, and when presenting first state, first area and second area form polarized light shielding parallax grating.Then this first area and this second area do not produce polarized light shielding parallax grating when control element presents second state.Evenly the optical axis direction of phase retardation film is vertical with an optical axis direction of this two regional one.Display unit is in order to show an image of corresponding 2 dimensions or 3 dimensions, and wherein evenly formula phase differential unit, control element and microfacies potential difference unit are between polarization module and display unit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example this first area of microfacies potential difference unit and this second area have the phase differential difference of λ/2, make this two zone divide other two polarization state orthogonal.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example the list structure of the first area of microfacies potential difference unit and second area is not orthogonal to horizontal direction.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, one side for example raster unit has a polarizing coating in the face of display unit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example control element is a polarization state rotation liquid crystal board.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example polarization state rotation liquid crystal board can compartmentalization control.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example control element is a diffuse transmission type liquid crystal board.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example the diffuse transmission type liquid crystal board can compartmentalization control.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example this two regional one of microfacies potential difference film does not produce phase differential, and this other one of two zones produces the phase differential of λ/2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in described dual mode image display device, for example the dual mode image display device cooperates an image pixel of this display unit to arrange, and puts arbitrarily in a plurality of angles, to show a stereopsis.
For above-mentioned and other purposes, feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and conjunction with figs. are described in detail below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates tradition and utilizes the energy restraining barrier to show the schematic diagram of mechanism of stereopsis.
Fig. 2 illustrates tradition and utilizes the energy restraining barrier to show the another kind of schematic diagram of mechanism of stereopsis.
Fig. 3 illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention, concerns synoptic diagram between a kind of pixel and the ken.
Fig. 4 illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention, concerns synoptic diagram between the another kind of pixel and the ken.
Fig. 5 illustrates the display mechanism synoptic diagram of considering according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, and holographic display device comprises the perspective diagram of polarized light shielding raster unit.
Fig. 7 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the holographic display device diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation of microfacies potential difference unit.
Fig. 9 illustrates one embodiment of the invention, under the display device of Fig. 8, and the mechanism of light path.
Figure 10 illustrates the structural representation of the microfacies potential difference unit 202a of Fig. 9.
Figure 11 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation that pixel distributes.
Figure 12 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation that pixel distributes.
Figure 13 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the stereo display schematic diagram of mechanism.
Figure 14 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, at the stereo display schematic diagram of mechanism of another direction.
Figure 15 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation that pixel distributes.
Figure 16 illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention, the another kind of operation mechanism synoptic diagram of stereopsis pattern.
Figure 17 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, microfacies potential difference employed in figure 16 unit 402.
Figure 18 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, has the holographic display device diagrammatic cross-section of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Figure 19～20 illustrate other embodiment according to the present invention, have the 3D model mechanism synoptic diagram of the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Figure 21 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, has the 2D model mechanism synoptic diagram of the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Figure 22～23 illustrate other embodiment according to the present invention, have the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Figure 24 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, has the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Figure 25～27 illustrate the grating schematic diagram of mechanism according to Figure 24 embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 28～29 illustrate according to some embodiments of the invention, have the diagrammatic cross-section of the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
The main element symbol description
100: backlight
101: the parallax light shield
102: the penetration display unit
106,108: pixel
110: display unit
112: the energy light shield
114a, 114b: pixel
116: the observer
200: the polarization module
202: polarized light shielding raster unit
204: the penetration display unit
202a: microfacies potential difference unit
202b: polarizing coating
216: polarized light
300,310,340: image display cell
302: microfacies potential difference unit
320,330: three-dimensional display
322,332: the image scan line
342,344: pixel
400: the polarization module
402,422: microfacies potential difference unit
404,424: polarizing coating
406,426: raster unit
408: the penetration display unit
410,412,414,416,428,432,434,436: polarized light
428 ', 430 ', 432 ', 434,436 ': polarized light
430 ", 432 ", 434 ", 436 ", 438 ": nonpolarized light
420: the diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells
440: even formula phase differential unit
1111: even formula phase differential unit
501: the polarization module
502a: polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells
502b: microfacies potential difference unit
502c: polarizing coating
504: the penetration display unit
Embodiment
The present invention proposes the design of stereo video apparatus, it for example is a kind of polarized light barrier holographic display device, between polarization module and image display cell, insert a polarized light shielding raster unit of forming by polarized light modulating unit, non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit and polarizing coating.Utilize the phase differential distribution of non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit and the distributing pixel collocation of image display cell, the image that can form two or more kens (viewing zone) shows, user's left eye and right eye are under the different kens, when seeing two ken images wherein respectively, experience stereoscopic vision naturally.In the system of these many kens, can make display screen rearrange and can reach arbitrarily angled putting by image watches, especially for example be that 0 degree is put with 90 degree, and will show the required resolution that reduces owing to stereopsis, be dispersed in directions X and Y direction, for example can reduce in general many kens system, unidirectional resolution is sacrificed excessive shortcoming.Polarized light modulating unit in control polarized light shielding raster unit switches between modulation condition and no modulation condition, and can make show image switch between flat image pattern and stereopsis pattern.If do not need to switch, the present invention also can not use the polarized light modulating unit, makes display unit present the stereopsis pattern.
Some mechanism of at first describing the present invention and being considered.Fig. 3 illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention, concerns synoptic diagram between a kind of pixel and the ken.Consult Fig. 3, a general color pixel for example is made up of three pixels of red (R), green (G), blue (B).Be example with the image that shows 4 kens for example, for a pixel 106, need pixel P1, P2, P3, the P4 of corresponding 4 kens, each pixel includes three subpixel, shows the GTG of RGB respectively.Fig. 3 is the general pixel that adopts and the allocation scheme of the ken, but the spacing broad of grating makes the image of the different kens have light leak, therefore produces colour cast and disturbs, and its stereo display effect is relatively poor.Fig. 4 illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention, concerns synoptic diagram between the another kind of pixel and the ken.Consult Fig. 4, under the allocation scheme of another pixel and the ken, for a pixel 108, the subpixel of RGB is still according to RGB and shows, yet its displaying contents is the order demonstration according to the ken.In other words, preceding four subpixel for example show the GTG of the RGBR that belongs to the ken 1,2,3,4 respectively.For whole pixel 108, still keep color data to display, yet the image of the different kens can clearly separate.Mode like this, the grating resolution of its needed light shield are wanted corresponding and are improved, and therefore preferable ken separating effect is also arranged.
Fig. 5 illustrates the display mechanism synoptic diagram of considering according to the embodiment of the invention.Consulting Fig. 5, is example with two pixel 114a, 114b to produce two kens on display unit 110, and the grating resolution of its energy light shield 112 is that the resolution according to subpixel is provided with.The black part branch of energy light shield 112 stops all light, whether it is no matter be that polarized light all can be stopped by the black part branch of light shield 112, cause the observer 116 of the light other end, under this energy barrier shielding, part light is intercepted, and the zone that is distributed to right and left eyes is to produce stereopsis.
But with the framework of Fig. 5, its display system can only show the stereopsis of 3D, can't show the image mode of 2D.And the main linear fringe shape framework that adopts vertical corresponding to pixel location of past, therefore when making the stereo image system of two kens, because image offers left eye and right eye respectively, therefore its horizontal direction resolution will corresponding sacrifice half, and because in the recording geometry of two kens, its visual observation position is narrower, and one departs from observation position and then causes image to restrain slightly, causes the observer obviously can't experience the effect of 3D image.In addition, the stereopsis that this kind mode is produced will limit the mode that screen is put, and that is to say that screen can only put in making the vertical direction of barrier, can't turn 90 degrees use.
The present invention is based on above-mentioned consideration, further consider the cell array that adopts non-perpendicular arranged type.
Below feature of the present invention is described, but the present invention is not limited only to illustrated embodiment for some embodiment.Also suitably combination mutually between the illustrated embodiment in addition.
Fig. 6 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, and holographic display device comprises the perspective diagram of polarized light shielding raster unit.Consult Fig. 6, the display system of present embodiment includes a polarization module 200, one a polarized lights shielding raster unit 202 and a penetration display unit 204.The present invention is with polarized light shielding raster unit 202, and it includes non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit and polarizing coating, is placed between polarization module 200 and the penetration display unit 204.Polarization module 200 provides a polarized light source of predetermined polarization, exposes to polarized light shielding raster unit 202.Microfacies potential difference unit in polarized light shielding raster unit 202, consult Fig. 8 earlier, be to have the non-perpendicular striped that the a-quadrant postpones material and the alternate formation of B zone delay material, wherein the a-quadrant postpones material and B zone delay material, for example can produce the combination that 0 λ postpones and λ/2 postpone each other, the non-perpendicular striped that makes polarized light source see through microfacies potential difference unit in the polarized light shielding raster unit 202 presents strip outgoing at interval.
The striped emergent light cooperates the distributing pixel distribution in the penetration display unit 204 again, and image is projected to observer's left eye and right eye respectively.Because microfacies potential difference unit adopts non-perpendicular stripe design, so the resolution reduction that polarized light shielding raster unit 202 causes can on average be scattered in horizontal direction and vertical direction, avoid the horizontal direction folk prescription to reduce too violent to resolution, effectively take into account the form (window) and the image resolution of visual observation, and can reach the stereopsis demonstration of a plurality of kens.This mode can be arranged under the control at the image display element, reaches and revolves the function that turn 90 degrees even put the display angle arbitrarily.Be meant image display surface in this said anglec of rotation, be that axle revolves and turn 90 degrees with the normal direction, or can rotate freely by other the several default anglec of rotation according to design; Or rotation arbitrarily in the angular range that allows, wherein the arrangement mode of pixel needs corresponding control break.Below describe at its detailed situation.
Fig. 7 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the holographic display device diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 6.Consult Fig. 7, polarized light shielding raster unit 202 for example can comprise a microfacies potential difference unit 202a and a polarizing coating 202b.When the direction of the polarization direction of polarization module 200 and polarizing coating 202b is identical, the polarized light that is produced by the non-perpendicular fringe area (representing) that has λ/2 phase differential among the microfacies potential difference unit 202a with the shadow region after, polarized light is rotated by 90 degrees phase place, cause to pass polarizing coating 202b, form light tight district.The same time, polarized light passes non-perpendicular fringe area when (representing with white region) with 0 phase differential, the phase place of polarized light can not be changed, therefore keep identical with the polarization direction of polarizing coating 202b, can pass polarizing coating 202b, form photic zone, constitute non-perpendicular and polarization source parting bead output.
Fig. 8 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation of microfacies potential difference unit.Consult Fig. 8, the microfacies potential difference unit 202a that polarized light shielding raster unit 202 is adopted in one embodiment of the invention of Fig. 7 has the alternate formation of a plurality of second area B of a plurality of first area A and the strip of strip.Wherein for example, first area A is the structure of tool optics anisotropic, make the light that passes through produce the phase differential of λ/2 to reach, and the iso structure of second area B tool optics does not produce phase differential.Therefore, first area A and second area B have the phase differential difference of λ/2.Certainly, first area A and second area B also can exchange, as long as or the phase differential difference of keeping λ/2 can need not to limit especially the phase differential of first area A and second area B, it changes according to actual demand.The polarization direction of suitable selection polarization module 200 and the anisotropic optical axis direction of microfacies potential difference unit 202a can make that the light by first area A can make change of polarized direction 90 degree, therefore can be vertical with the polarisation of light direction of second area B.
Fig. 9 is according to one embodiment of the invention, under the display device of Fig. 7, and the mechanism of light path.The polarization direction of the polarized light 210 that is produced when polarization source module 200 for example with polarizing coating 202b direction, when being identical as shown by arrows, the polarized light 210 that is produced is when having the non-perpendicular fringe area of λ/2 phase differential among the microfacies potential difference unit 202a, polarized light 210 is rotated by 90 degrees phase place to be become polarized light 214 and can't pass polarizing coating 202b, forms light tight district.The same time, when polarized light 210 passes the non-perpendicular fringe area with 0 phase differential, can pass to form because polarized light 210 phase places keep identical with polarizing coating 202b and penetrate light 212.So, by the effect of microfacies potential difference unit 202, can obtain the polarized light 216 of needed parting bead output, for the light source of stereopsis demonstration.
Figure 10 illustrates the structural representation of the microfacies potential difference unit 202a of Fig. 9.Consult Figure 11, microfacies potential difference unit 202a for example has the alternate formation of a plurality of second area B of a plurality of first area A and the strip of strip.Wherein for example, first area A is the structure of tool optics anisotropic, and reaching the phase differential of λ/2, and the iso structure of second area B tool optics, so first area A and second area B have the phase differential difference of λ/2.First area A and second area B exchange also can, or change according to actual demand.As described above, the polarization direction of suitable selection polarization module 200 and the anisotropic optical axis direction of microfacies potential difference unit 202a can make the light by first area A change the polarization directions of 90 degree, therefore can be vertical with second area B.
The polarized light 210 that provides by polarization module 200, after 0 phase differential of process microfacies potential difference unit 202a and the non-perpendicular strip of λ/2 phase differential distribute, with the polarized light 210 of script model identical, divide into mutually perpendicular two kinds of polarized lights 212,214 with staggered output.Then relend by polarizing coating 202b and be filtered into single form polarized light 216, formation has printing opacity and the non-perpendicular light output of lighttight strip.This moment, raster unit 202 formed polarized light shielding parallax grating, and the image that cooperates penetration display unit 204 to produce enters into observer's eyes and constitutes stereopsis.
The decline difference of phase differential unit of non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit and vertical distribution comprises the difference of resolution.Vertical distribution declines the mechanism of phase differential unit only on single dimension (horizontal direction), and therefore resolution in the horizontal direction can significantly be sacrificed.For example with the rectilinear three-dimensional display of four kens, resolution in the horizontal direction will be because of need be with in all pixel mean allocation to four different ken, so horizontal resolution can drop to 1/4th, quality destruction for overall image is quite big, and can produce imbalance in the resolution of image level and vertical direction.With the three-dimensional display of non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit, the inferior pixel that can cause being distributed in it with non-perpendicular direction ornaments all has different arrangement modes with vertical direction in the horizontal direction.Not only to sacrifice single dimension on resolution, but have the sacrifice of different resolution according to the angle that is tilted, the mode of selected pixel.This is one of non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit three-dimensional display benefit.The more important thing is that utilizing the non-perpendicular distribution of this kind can be that axle revolves to turn 90 degrees and puts with display screen with the centre normal, the redistribution of the image input signal of arranging in pairs or groups again can produce the image with 3D effect equally and show.Figure 11 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation that pixel distributes.Consult Figure 11, it is the stereo display mechanism that cooperates non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit, and for example the system with three kens comes analysis result.By finding out among Figure 11, the inferior pixel that is denoted as 1 three red (R), green (G), blue (B) in the image display cell 300 all is the inferior pixel that belongs to first ken.The structure of microfacies potential difference unit 302 for the pixel 302 that three kens are arranged, is two zones that comprise A and B as shown.Because the inferior pixel of the pixel 302 on the image display cell 300, all be identical for the relative position of non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit.For non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit, can be with three time pixel projections identical position in the space.In like manner, being denoted as 2 and 3 inferior pixel all is respectively the inferior pixel that belongs to second ken and the 3rd ken.Therefore, originally be the main pixel that the RGB time pixel arranged is in the horizontal direction formed, under non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit, be modified three pixels, therefore on the vertical direction of integral body, for example can have been sacrificed three times resolution into arranged askew.Yet in the arrangement of this kind time pixel, the plane display element of a 1*3 is changed to three ken three-dimensional displays of 1*1 by non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit originally.If increase ken number, then be the spacing that increases non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit, contain more a plurality of pixels in the horizontal in wherein.
Figure 12 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation that pixel distributes.Consult Figure 12, it for example is that image display cell 310 is the demonstration situations with the inferior pixel distribution of four kens.In the case, the selection of inferior pixel still changes to vertical direction by horizontal direction, has therefore for example sacrificed three times in the resolution of vertical direction, in the horizontal direction, then be that 4/3 pixel is modified is 1 three-dimensional pixel.That is to say that the plane display element of a 4/3*3 is changed to the three-dimensional display of four kens of a 1*1 by non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit originally.
Figure 13 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the stereo display schematic diagram of mechanism.Three-dimensional display 320 is under the stereo display situation of aforesaid four kens, its be projected in the space the image situation as shown in figure 13, on an image scan line 322 of a direction, wherein numeral 1,2,3 and 4 is represented four different ken zones respectively, as long as wherein two FOV (Field of View) drop in the distance range of eyes, its for example about 6.0mm～7.0mm can see through parallax and produce stereoeffect.
Figure 14 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, at the stereo display schematic diagram of mechanism of another direction.If with the screen of the three-dimensional display 320 of Figure 13 is that axle revolves under the situation about turning 90 degrees with the centre normal, according to identical structure be created in the space stereopsis as shown in figure 14, three-dimensional display 330 is on a sweep trace 332 of other direction, as long as the rearranging output and can reach of collocation image pixel.Wherein, numeral 1,2,3 and 4 is represented four different ken zones respectively, as long as wherein two FOV (Field of View) drop in the distance range of eyes, for example about 6.0mm～7.0mm can see through parallax and produce stereoeffect.
According to identical principle of design, can adjust the angle of putting of screen arbitrarily by mode of the present invention, as long as cooperate the output that rearranges of image pixel, can reach the output effect of stereopsis.In other words, under a plurality of angles of display, can choose demonstration arbitrarily.
In addition, in by four ken three-dimensional displays of non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit, the inferior pixel selection mode of other kinds in fact still can be arranged, and by in the different inferior pixel back-and-forth methods, its resolution also can produce different variations.Figure 15 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the structural representation that pixel distributes.Consult Figure 15, image display cell 340 represents respectively that with 1,2,3,4 the different kens is an example, among these kens, when selecting the inferior pixel of RGB of pixel 342,344, might not stick to all around within the position adjacent, can also cross over a different non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit and select.Under this selects, the plane display element of a 4*2 can be changed to four ken three-dimensional displays of a 2*1 by non-perpendicular distributed microfacies potential difference unit.That is to say that in this way horizontal direction has been sacrificed the resolution of twice, vertical direction has also been sacrificed the resolution of twice.Utilize the selection mode of this kind time pixel, can let us not only stick to three times resolution sacrifice, the selection that also can have two resolutions to sacrifice in vertical direction.
By the selection mode of above-mentioned pixel, can reach in the three-dimensional display system of four kens, disperse sacrifice in directions X and Y direction resolution, and reach the advantage of average dispersion.Above-mentioned selection mode only is explanation, and in fact several selections that non-representative is unique can have other various pixel arrangement modes.This same mode also can reach the advantage of average dispersion in the three-dimensional display system of a plurality of kens.
Figure 16 illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention, the another kind of operation mechanism synoptic diagram of stereopsis pattern.When the polarization direction of the polarized light 410 that is produced when polarization module 400 and the direction of polarizing coating 404 are orthogonal, when having the fringe area of 0 phase differential in the microfacies potential difference unit 402 of the polarized light 410 that is produced by raster unit 406, polarized light 412 can't pass through polarizing coating 404, and forms light tight district.The same time, the polarized light 410 that is produced is when having the fringe area of λ/2 phase differential, and polarized light 414 is rotated by 90 degrees phase place, and can pass polarizing coating 404, form the polarized light 416 of transmission region, it provides light source to the light source of penetration display unit 408 as stereo display.
Figure 17 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, microfacies potential difference employed in figure 16 unit 402.Consult Figure 17, there is the alternate formation of a plurality of second area B of a plurality of first area A and the strip of strip microfacies potential difference unit 402.Wherein for example similar to FIG. 10, but select first area A to have the iso structure of optics, and second area B has the structure of optics anisotropic, to reach the phase differential of λ/2.
The structure that cooperates Figure 17 under the design of Figure 16, the mechanism of its demonstration be machine-processed similar to Fig. 9 still, and also can reach the arbitrary of a plurality of apparent angle and choose.Its machine-processed details does not continue to describe.
Figure 18 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, has the holographic display device diagrammatic cross-section of 2D/3D handoff functionality.Consult Figure 18, the polarized light shielding raster unit 426 of present embodiment, except comprising microfacies potential difference unit 422 and polarizing coating 424, also comprise the polarized light modulating unit, the modulating unit that it for example can adopt diffuse transmission type liquid crystal 420, its role is to allow polarized light that polarization module 400 produces by or be modulated into nonpolarized light.
More specifically, the present invention can be between polarization module and image display cell, insert a polarized light shielding raster unit of being made up of polarized light modulating unit, non-perpendicular distribution microfacies potential difference unit and polarizing coating, wherein the polarized light modulating unit can be may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells or may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells.With may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells, can do the modulation of polarized light by being controlled between " scattering state (modulation condition) " and " clear state (unmodulated state) ", and make show image between the 2D/3D pattern, switch.On the other hand, with may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells, can do the modulation of polarized light by being controlled between " polarization state rotation attitude (modulation condition) " and " no polarization state rotation attitude (unmodulated state) ", and make show image between the 2D/3D pattern, switch.In addition, if image display cell has comprised polarizing coating in the one side that shields in the raster unit in the face of polarized light, then the polarizing coating in the polarized light shielding raster unit is an omissible element.Non-perpendicular distribution microfacies potential difference unit in the polarized light shielding raster unit, be to have the a-quadrant non-perpendicular striped alternate with the B zone, make polarized light source see through non-perpendicular striped and present strip outgoing at interval, cooperate the distributing pixel distribution again, two or more images are projected to position in the space respectively, enter into observer's left eye and right eye again, to form stereopsis.Its mechanism that shows 3D is still identical, but allows the demonstration of solid is switched to the demonstration of 2D.
Figure 19～20 illustrate other embodiment according to the present invention, have the 3D model mechanism synoptic diagram of the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.Consult Figure 19, for the operation of 3D pattern, may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells 420 is to be used as a polarized light modulating unit, the polarization direction that is used for modulating the polarized light that is passed through.May command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells 420 has clear state and the scattering state that can control.When may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells 420 switches in clear state, allow that polarized light passes through with original polarization direction.When may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells 420 switches in scattering state, polarized light will be scattered the original polarization direction of forfeiture, and pass through with unpolarized light.
When the direction of the polarization direction of polarization module 400 and polarizing coating 424 was identical, if may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells 420 switches in clear state, it allowed that polarized light passes through with original polarization direction, presented 3D image phenomenon as shown in above-mentioned.The polarization state of polarized light 432,434 is phase mutual deviation 90 degree as shown in the figure.Therefore only polarized light 432 by becoming polarized light 436.
Consult Figure 20, at this embodiment, the polarization direction of polarization module 400 with the direction of polarizing coating 424 when opposite, it still can produce polarized light 432 ', 434 ' polarization state is phase mutual deviation 90 degree as shown in the figure.Therefore only polarized light 434 ' by becoming polarized light 436 '.
Figure 21 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, has the 2D model mechanism synoptic diagram of the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.On the plane or during the 2D image mode, the identical polarized light 428 that polarization module 400 produces can enter polarized light shielding raster unit 426.At this moment,, make it present scattering state,, form nonpolarized light 430 " in order to break up input polarisation of light characteristic by changing may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal 420.This does not have a light source of light polarization, and through the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of microfacies potential difference unit 422, the following of macroscopic view will can not produce effective optical effect, and therefore, polarized light shielding raster unit 426 just can not form parallax grating yet.Then, polarizing coating 424 allows that single polarized light passes, and sees through penetration display unit 408 and enters into observer's eyes, and at this moment the observer can see the flat image pattern comprehensively.
Figure 22-23 illustrates other embodiment according to the present invention, has the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Consult Figure 22, the diffuse transmission type liquid crystal cells in the polarized light shielding raster unit 426 and the position of microfacies potential difference unit can also exchange, and can reach the function that 2D/3D shows equally.
Consult Figure 23, simultaneously, for example under this system architecture, also can add even formula phase differential unit 440 more in addition, can reach the 2D/3D switching equally and revolve to turn 90 degrees and put the function of using and showing two or more pictures.Evenly the effect of formula phase differential unit 440 matching polarized lights shielding raster unit 426 for example can prevent light leak, can make the effect of grating better.
Figure 24 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, has the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.Consulting Figure 24, the alternate embodiment of 2D/3D image mode then is described, is based on may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells, replaces the effect of may command diffuse transmission type liquid crystal 420.Under the 3D pattern, polarization module 501 provides polarized light.May command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a is as a polarized light modulating unit, the polarization direction that is used for modulating the polarized light that is passed through, and it has no polarization state rotation attitude and the polarization state rotation attitude that can control.When may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a switches in no polarization state and rotates attitude, allow that polarized light passes through with original polarization direction.When may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a switches in polarization state rotation attitude, the optical axis of polarized light will be rotated 45 degree or directly become circular polarization, this state polarized light of script down will have three kinds of possible variations, first kind is the linear polarization that becomes deflection 45 degree, again or optical axis and originally the polarization direction differ the elliptic polarizations of 45 degree, and another kind will become a circular polarization.Under circularly polarized situation, there is not specific optical axis angle.
Figure 25～27 illustrate according to Figure 24 embodiment of the present invention, the grating schematic diagram of mechanism.Consult Figure 25, when polarization module 501 provides the polarized light polarization direction identical with polarizing coating 502c direction, when may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a switches in no polarization state and rotates attitude, allow that polarized light passes through with original polarization direction, at process microfacies potential difference unit 502b and polarizing coating 502c, and penetration display unit 504, present 3D image phenomenon as aforementioned mechanism.
Consult Figure 26, when the polarization direction of polarization module 501 is opposite with polarizing coating 502c direction, if may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a switches in no polarization state when rotating attitude, allow that polarized light passes through with original polarization direction, present 3D image phenomenon as aforementioned.
Consult Figure 27, in the time will showing the flat image pattern of 2D, the identical polarized light that polarization module 501 produces enters polarized light shielding raster unit 502.At this moment,, make it present polarization state rotation attitude, in order to directly to change into circular polarization with optical axis rotation 45 degree of polarized light or with polarized light by changing may command polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a.Through the formed linear polarization 505 in rotation back, elliptic polarization 506 or circular polarization 507, the PHASE DISTRIBUTION through microfacies potential difference unit 502b will can not produce effective optical effect under the macroscopic view.With polarization state of light, also just the polarisation of light sense of rotation is reversed, therefore, raster unit 502 just can not form parallax grating yet.Then, polarizing coating 502c allows that single polarized light passes, and sees through image display 504 and enters into observer's eyes, and at this moment the observer can see the flat image pattern comprehensively.
Figure 28～29 illustrate according to some embodiments of the invention, have the diagrammatic cross-section of the holographic display device of 2D/3D handoff functionality.Consult Figure 28, in addition, in the polarized light shielding raster unit, the position of polarized light rotation liquid crystal cells 502a and microfacies potential difference unit 502b can also exchange, and can reach the function that 2D/3D shows equally.Consult Figure 29, simultaneously, can also add even formula phase differential unit 1111 again under this system architecture, it can reach the 2D/3D switching equally and revolve to turn 90 degrees puts the function of using and showing two or two pictures.Evenly the position of formula phase differential unit 1111 for example can be between polarization module 501 and polarizing coating 502c according to actual needs.
The invention provides the diagrammatic cross-section of holographic display device, and allow its angles of display to have multiplely to choose arbitrarily, wherein allow level and vertical apparent angle at least with 2D/3D handoff functionality.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; right its is not in order to qualification the present invention, any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when can doing a little change and retouching, so protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion when looking claims person of defining.
Claims (28)
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