CN101726830B - Small short rear focus two-element optical imaging lens - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明是有关一种小型短后焦二镜片光学取像镜头,尤指一种针对小型相机或手机等使用CCD(电荷藕合装置)或CMOS(互补型金属氧化物半导体)等影像感测器的镜头,而提供一种由正屈光度与负屈光度透镜构成的短后焦、全长短且低成本的光学取像镜头。The invention relates to a small-sized short-back-focus two-lens optical imaging lens, especially an image sensor using CCD (charge coupled device) or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) for small cameras or mobile phones. The lens provides a short back focus, short overall length and low-cost optical imaging lens composed of positive diopter and negative diopter lenses.
背景技术Background technique
在电子产品中如:数码相机(Digital Still Camera)、电脑相机(PC camera)、网络相机(Network camera)、移动电话(手机)、个人数字助理(PDA)等装置常已具备取像镜头;而为了携带方便及符合人性化的需求,取像镜头不仅需要具有良好的成像品质,同时也需要有较小的体积(或总长度)与较低的成本,以符合使用者的需求。In electronic products such as: digital camera (Digital Still Camera), computer camera (PC camera), network camera (Network camera), mobile phone (mobile phone), personal digital assistant (PDA) and other devices often have imaging lenses; and In order to be easy to carry and meet the needs of humanization, the imaging lens not only needs to have good image quality, but also needs to have a smaller volume (or total length) and lower cost to meet the needs of users.
应用于小型电子产品的取像镜头,现有上有二镜片式、三镜片式、四镜片式及五镜片式以上等不同设计,然而以成本考量,二镜片式使用的透镜较少,其成本较具优势。现有的二镜片式光学取像镜头已具有多种不同的结构设计,但其间的差异处或技术特征则是决定于以下各种因素的变化或组合:该二透镜之间对应配合的形状设计不同,如第一、二透镜分别为新月型(meniscus shape)透镜、双凸(bi-convex)、双凹(bi-concave);或该二透镜之间对应配合的凸面/凹面方向不同;或该二透镜之间对应配合的屈光度(refractive power)正、负不同;或该二镜片组/镜片之间的相关光学数据如fs(取像镜头系统的有效焦距)、di(各光学面i间距离)、Ri(各光学面i曲率半径)等所满足的条件不同;由上可知,就二镜片式的光学取像镜头的设计而论,现有技术在设计光学取像镜头技术领域,是针对各种不同光学目的的应用而产生不同的变化或组合,而因其所使用透镜的形状、组合、作用或功效不同,即可视为具有新颖性(novelty)及进步性(inventive step)。There are currently two-lens, three-lens, four-lens, and five-lens types of imaging lenses used in small electronic products. However, considering the cost, the two-lens type uses fewer lenses, and the cost more advantageous. The existing two-element optical imaging lens has many different structural designs, but the differences or technical features between them are determined by the changes or combinations of the following factors: the shape design of the corresponding fit between the two lenses Different, such as the first and second lenses are meniscus shape lenses, bi-convex and bi-concave respectively; or the corresponding convex/concave directions of the two lenses are different; Or the diopters (refractive power) corresponding to the two lenses are different in positive and negative; or the relevant optical data between the two lens groups/lenses such as f s (effective focal length of the imaging lens system), di (the Distance between i), Ri (radius of curvature of each optical surface i) etc. satisfies different conditions; as can be seen from the above, in terms of the design of the optical imaging lens of the two mirror formula, the prior art is in the technical field of designing the optical imaging lens , which produce different changes or combinations for the application of various optical purposes, and because of the different shapes, combinations, functions or functions of the lenses used, it can be regarded as novelty and innovative step ).
近年为应用于小型相机、照像手机、PDA等产品,其取像镜头要求小型化、焦距短、像差调整良好,在各种小型化的二透镜取像镜头设计中,以正屈光度的第一透镜、正屈光度的第二透镜或其他组合的设计,最可能达到小型化的需求,如美国专利US2005/0073753、US2004/0160680、US7,110,190、US7,088,528、US2004/0160680;欧洲专利EP1793252、EP1302801;日本专利JP2007-156031、JP2006-154517、JP2006-189586;台湾专利TWM320680、TWI232325;中国专利CN101046544等。然而,这些专利所揭露的光学取像镜头,其镜头总长仍应进一步再缩小;对于使用者需求的短后焦设计,如美国专利US2006/0221467、日本专利JP2005121685、JP2006154517是使用正-负屈光度的组合;美国专利US20030/0197956使用负-正屈光度的组合;美国专利US5,835,288使用双凹及双凸透镜的组合、日本专利JP20040281830使用正或负-正屈光度的组合;或如日本专利公开号JP2003215446、JP2004-177976、欧洲专利EP1793252与EP1793254、美国专利US6,876,500、US2004/0160680、US7,088,528、台湾专利TWI266074等使用正-正屈光度的组合,使镜头总长度降低。在各种不同缩短镜头总长的设计中,仍以短后焦最为直接有效,但直接缩短后焦距将造成调焦困难的结果。为此,本发明提出更实用性的设计,在缩短后焦距同时,利用缩短镜片间空气间距以补足调焦困难并降低成像畸变,以简便地应用于小型相机、照像手机等电子产品上。In recent years, in order to be used in small cameras, camera phones, PDAs and other products, the imaging lens requires miniaturization, short focal length, and good aberration adjustment. In the design of various miniaturized two-lens imaging lenses, the first diopter of positive A lens, a second lens with positive diopter or other combined designs are most likely to meet the needs of miniaturization, such as US2005/0073753, US2004/0160680, US7,110,190, US7,088,528, US2004/0160680; European patent EP1793252, EP1302801; Japanese patents JP2007-156031, JP2006-154517, JP2006-189586; Taiwan patents TWM320680, TWI232325; Chinese patent CN101046544, etc. However, the total length of the optical imaging lens disclosed in these patents should be further reduced; for the short back focus design required by users, such as US Patent US2006/0221467, Japanese Patent JP2005121685, and JP2006154517 use positive-negative diopters combination; U.S. Patent US20030/0197956 uses a combination of negative-positive diopters; U.S. Patent US5,835,288 uses a combination of biconcave and biconvex lenses; Japanese Patent JP20040281830 uses a combination of positive or negative-positive diopters; or as Japanese Patent Publication No. JP2003215446, JP2004-177976, European patents EP1793252 and EP1793254, US patents US6,876,500, US2004/0160680, US7,088,528, Taiwan patent TWI266074, etc. use a combination of positive and positive diopters to reduce the total length of the lens. Among the various designs for shortening the total length of the lens, the short back focus is still the most direct and effective, but directly shortening the back focus will result in difficulty in focusing. For this reason, the present invention proposes a more practical design. While shortening the back focal length, the air space between lenses is shortened to make up for the difficulty of focusing and reduce imaging distortion, so that it can be easily applied to electronic products such as small cameras and camera phones.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要目的乃在于提供一种小型短后焦二镜片光学取像镜头,在缩短后焦距同时,利用缩短镜片间空气间距以补足调焦困难并降低成像畸变,以简便地应用于小型相机、照像手机等电子产品上。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a small-sized short back focus two-element optical imaging lens. While shortening the back focal length, the air space between the lenses is shortened to make up for the difficulty of focusing and reduce imaging distortion, so that it can be easily applied to small cameras, On electronic products such as camera phones.
本发明的小型短后焦二镜片光学取像镜头,其沿着光轴排列由物侧(objectside)至像侧(image side)依序包含:一孔径光阑(aperture stop);一正屈光度的第一透镜(a first lens of positive refractive power)为一新月型透镜且物侧面为凸面,且二光学面均为非球面;一具有负屈光度的第二透镜(a second lens of negative refractive power)为一新月型透镜且像侧面为凸面,且二光学面均为非球面;一红外线滤光片及一影像感测器;又该光学取像镜头满足以下条件:The small-sized short back focus two-element optical imaging lens of the present invention is arranged along the optical axis from the object side (objectside) to the image side (image side) and includes: an aperture stop (aperture stop); a positive diopter The first lens (a first lens of positive refractive power) is a crescent lens and the object side is convex, and the two optical surfaces are aspheric; a second lens with negative refractive power (a second lens of negative refractive power) It is a crescent-shaped lens with a convex image side, and both optical surfaces are aspherical; an infrared filter and an image sensor; and the optical imaging lens meets the following conditions:
其中,fs为光学取像镜头的有效焦距(effective focal length),f1为第一透镜的焦距长,f2为第二透镜的焦距长,bf为本取像镜头系统之后焦距,TL为光轴上孔径光阑至成像面的距离,d2为光轴上第一透镜像侧面至第二透镜物侧面的距离,d4为光轴上第二透镜像侧面至红外线滤光片物侧面的距离,d6为光轴上红外线滤光片像侧面至影像感测器的成像面的距离,R2为第一透镜的像侧面近轴的曲率半径,R3为第二透镜的物侧面近轴的曲率半径。Among them, f s is the effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, f 1 is the focal length of the first lens, f 2 is the focal length of the second lens, bf is the rear focal length of the imaging lens system, and TL is The distance from the aperture stop to the imaging surface on the optical axis, d2 is the distance from the image side of the first lens to the object side of the second lens on the optical axis, d4 is the distance from the image side of the second lens to the object side of the infrared filter on the optical axis d 6 is the distance from the image side of the infrared filter on the optical axis to the imaging surface of the image sensor, R 2 is the radius of curvature of the image side of the first lens on the paraxial axis, and R 3 is the object side of the second lens The paraxial radius of curvature.
再者,该短后焦二镜片光学取像镜头的第一透镜及第二透镜可为玻璃或塑胶所制成。Furthermore, the first lens and the second lens of the short back focus two-element optical imaging lens can be made of glass or plastic.
藉此,该二镜片的组合可达成具有短之后焦距,进一步减少镜头的长度,并可使用相同材料制成以降低制作成本,藉以提升取像镜头的应用性。Therefore, the combination of the two lenses can achieve a short rear focal length, further reducing the length of the lens, and can be made of the same material to reduce the production cost, so as to improve the applicability of the imaging lens.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的光学结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the optical structure of the present invention;
图2是本发明的光路结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the optical path structure of the present invention;
图3是本发明第一实施例的场曲(field curvature)图;Fig. 3 is the field curvature (field curvature) diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明第一实施例的成像畸变(distortion)图;Fig. 4 is an imaging distortion (distortion) diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明第一实施例(在半径0.6086mm时)的纵向像差图;Fig. 5 is the longitudinal aberration diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention (when the radius is 0.6086mm);
图6是本发明第二实施例的场曲图;Fig. 6 is a field curvature diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明第二实施例的成像畸变图;Fig. 7 is an imaging distortion diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明第二实施例(在半径0.5588mm时)的纵向像差图;Fig. 8 is a longitudinal aberration diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention (when the radius is 0.5588mm);
图9是本发明第三实施例的场曲图;Fig. 9 is a field curvature diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention;
图10是本发明第三实施例的成像畸变图;Fig. 10 is an imaging distortion diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention;
图11是本发明第三实施例(在半径0.4996mm时)的纵向像差图。Fig. 11 is a longitudinal aberration diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention (at a radius of 0.4996 mm).
附图标记说明:Explanation of reference signs:
1-光学取像镜头;11-第一透镜;R1-(第一透镜)物侧面;R2-(第一透镜)像侧面;S-孔径光阑;12-第二透镜;R3-(第二透镜)物侧面;R4-(第二透镜)像侧面;13-红外线滤光片;14-影像感测器;d1-光轴上第一透镜物侧面至像侧面的距离;d2-光轴上第一透镜像侧面至第二透镜物侧面的距离;d3-光轴上第二透镜物侧面至像侧面的距离;d4-光轴上第二透镜像侧面至红外线滤光片物侧面的距离;d5-光轴上红外线滤光片物侧面至像侧面的距离;d6-光轴上红外线滤光片像侧面至影像感测器的距离。1-optical imaging lens; 11-the first lens; R1-(the first lens) object side; R2-(the first lens) image side; S-aperture stop; 12-the second lens; R3-(the second Lens) object side; R4-(second lens) as the side; 13-infrared filter; 14-image sensor; d1-the distance from the first lens object side to the image side on the optical axis; d2-on the optical axis The distance from the first lens image side to the second lens object side; the distance from the second lens object side to the image side on the d3-optical axis; the distance from the second lens image side to the infrared filter object side on the d4-optical axis; d5- the distance from the object side of the infrared filter on the optical axis to the image side; d6- the distance from the image side of the infrared filter on the optical axis to the image sensor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明更加明确详实,兹列举较佳实施例并配合下列图示,将本发明的结构及技术特征详述如后:In order to make the present invention more definite and detailed, hereby enumerate preferred embodiment and coordinate following figure, the structure and technical characteristic of the present invention are described in detail as follows:
参照图1所示,其是本发明的二镜片光学取像镜头1结构示意图,其沿着光轴Z排列由物侧(object side)至像侧(image side)依序包含:一孔径光阑S、一第一透镜11、一第二透镜12、一红外线滤光片(IR cut-off filter)13及一影像感测器(image sensing chip)14;取像时,待摄物(object)的光线是先经过第一透镜11及第二透镜12后,再经过红外线滤光片13而成像于影像感测器14的成像面(image)上。With reference to shown in Fig. 1, it is a schematic structural view of a two-lens
该第一透镜11为一新月型透镜,其物侧面R1为凸面而像侧面R2为凹面,具有正屈光度,可利用玻璃或塑胶材质制成,又其物侧面R1及像侧面R2均为非球面。The
该第二透镜12为一新月型透镜,其物侧面R3为凹面而像侧面R4为凸面,具有负屈光度,可利用玻璃或塑胶材质制成,又其物侧面R3及像侧面R4均为非球面。The
该孔径光阑(aperture stop)S是属于一种前置光圈,其是贴设于第一透镜11的物侧面R1上;该红外线滤光片(IR cut-off filter)13可为一镜片,或利用镀膜技术形成一具有红外线滤光功能的薄膜;该影像感测器(image sensingchip)14包含CCD(电荷藕合装置)或CMOS(互补型金属氧化物半导体)。The aperture stop (aperture stop) S belongs to a pre-diaphragm, which is attached to the object side R1 of the
又本发明二镜片光学取像镜头1在第一透镜11及第二透镜12的光学面曲率半径、非球面曲面及透镜厚度(d1及d3)与空气间距(d2、d4及d6)光学组合后,构成的镜头具有短的后焦距,其进一步可缩短镜头的总长度与后焦距于一个较小的范围内,即满足式(2)。第一透镜11及第二透镜12的光学面为非球面,其非球面的方程式(Aspherical Surface Formula)为式(5)In addition, the two-element
其中c是曲率,h为镜片高度,K为圆锥系数(Conic Constant)、A4、A6、A8、A10、A12、A14分别四、六、八、十、十二、十四阶的非球面系数(Nth Order Aspherical Coefficient)。Where c is the curvature, h is the lens height, K is the cone factor (Conic Constant), A 4 , A 6 , A 8 , A 10 , A 12 , A 14 are four, six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen respectively Nth Order Aspherical Coefficient.
藉上述结构,本发明的二镜片光学取像镜头1之后焦距能有效缩小,使镜头长度减小,即满足式(1)~式(4)。With the above-mentioned structure, the rear focal length of the two-element
兹列举较佳实施例,并分别说明如下:Hereby enumerate preferred embodiment, and explain as follows respectively:
<第一实施例><First embodiment>
请参考图2、3、4、5所示,其分别是本发明光学取像镜头1第一实施例的光路结构示意图与场曲(field curvature)、成像畸变(distortion)及在半径(radius)0.6086mm时的纵向像差(vertical aberration)图。Please refer to Fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5, which are respectively the optical path structure schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the
下列表(一)中分别列有由物侧至像侧依序编号的光学面号码(surface number)、在光轴上各光学面的曲率半径R(单位:mm)(the radius of curvature R)、光轴上各面之间距d(单位:mm)(the on-axis surface spacing),各透镜的折射率(Nd)及各透镜的阿贝数(Abbe’s number)vd。The following table (1) lists the optical surface number (surface number) numbered sequentially from the object side to the image side, and the radius of curvature R (unit: mm) of each optical surface on the optical axis (the radius of curvature R) , the distance d (unit: mm) between each surface on the optical axis (the on-axis surface spacing), the refractive index (N d ) of each lens and the Abbe's number (Abbe's number) v d of each lens.
表(一)Table I)
*aspherical surface * aspherical surface
在表(一)中,光学面(Surface)有标注*者为非球面光学面,Surf1、Surf2分别表示第一透镜11的物侧面R1与像侧面R2,Surf3、Surf4分别表示第二透镜12的物侧面R3与像侧面R4,fs为取像镜头的有效焦距。下列表(二)列有各光学面的非球面式(5)的各项系数:In Table (1), the optical surfaces marked with * are aspherical optical surfaces, Surf1 and Surf2 represent the object side R1 and image side R2 of the
表(二)Table II)
本实施例中,第一透镜11与第二透镜12是利用相同的玻璃材质制成,其折射率Nd为1.587、阿贝数vd为60.0;红外线滤光片13是使用折射率Nd为1.517、阿贝数vd为64.17的玻璃材质制成。In this embodiment, the
本实施例光学取像镜头1的有效焦距fs为3.408mm,第一透镜11的焦距f1为2.7879mm、第二透镜12的焦距f2为-15.418mm;在光轴上,由第一透镜11的物侧面R1到影像感测器15的成像面的距离TL(总长度)为3.763mm;即,The effective focal length f s of the
可以满足条件式(1)~式(4)。Conditional expressions (1) to (4) can be satisfied.
由上述表(一)、表(二)及图3~5的场曲(field curvature)、成像畸变(distortion)及在半径(radius)0.6086mm时的纵向像差(vertical aberration)图所示,藉此可证明本发明的二镜片光学取像镜头可有效修正像差,使光学取像镜头1具有高解析度及短后焦效果,能有效缩小镜头长度,而提升本发明的应用性。As shown in the above table (1), table (2) and the field curvature, imaging distortion (distortion) and vertical aberration (vertical aberration) at a radius of 0.6086 mm in Figures 3 to 5, It can be proved that the two-element optical imaging lens of the present invention can effectively correct aberrations, make the
图3、6、9所表示的场曲曲线图中,横坐标表示焦距,单位为毫米;纵坐标表示像高,曲线T、S分别对应切向和径向,从图中可见对于不同的焦距偏移下,以光轴的不同像高所产生的场曲变化情形。In the field curvature curves shown in Figures 3, 6, and 9, the abscissa represents the focal length in millimeters; the ordinate represents the image height, and the curves T and S correspond to the tangential and radial directions respectively. It can be seen from the figure that for different focal lengths Under the offset, the field curvature changes caused by different image heights of the optical axis.
图4、7、10所表示的成像畸变曲线图中,横坐标表示扭曲率的百分比;纵坐标表示以光轴的不同像高,从图中可见对于不同的像高时,其扭曲率变化的情形。In the imaging distortion curves shown in Figures 4, 7, and 10, the abscissa represents the percentage of the distortion rate; the ordinate represents the different image heights of the optical axis. It can be seen from the figure that the distortion rate changes for different image heights. situation.
图5、8、11所表示的像差曲线图中,纵坐标为纵向像差,横坐标为焦距,单位为毫米。从图中可见,对于不同的焦距偏移下,其球面像差的变化情形。In the aberration curves shown in Figs. 5, 8, and 11, the ordinate is the longitudinal aberration, and the abscissa is the focal length, and the unit is millimeter. It can be seen from the figure that the spherical aberration changes under different focal length offsets.
<第二实施例><Second Embodiment>
请参考图2、6、7、8所示,其分别是本发明光学取像镜头1第二实施例的光路结构示意图与场曲、成像畸变及在半径0.5588mm时的纵向像差图。Please refer to Figures 2, 6, 7, and 8, which are the optical path structure schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the
下列表(三)中分别列有由物侧至像侧依序编号的光学面号码、在光轴上各光学面的曲率半径R、光轴上各面之间距d,各透镜的折射率(Nd)以及各透镜的阿贝数vd。The following table (3) lists the number of optical surfaces sequentially numbered from the object side to the image side, the radius of curvature R of each optical surface on the optical axis, the distance d between each surface on the optical axis, and the refractive index of each lens ( N d ) and the Abbe number v d of each lens.
表(三)Table (3)
*aspherical surface * aspherical surface
下列表(四)列有各光学面的非球面式(5)的各项系数:The following table (four) lists the various coefficients of the aspheric surface formula (5) of each optical surface:
表(四)Table (4)
本实施例中,第一透镜11与第二透镜12是利用相同的玻璃材质制成,其折射率Nd为1.587、阿贝数vd为60.0;红外线滤光片13是使用其折射率Nd为1.517、阿贝数vd为64.17的玻璃材质制成。In this embodiment, the
本实施例光学取像镜头1的有效焦距fs为3.129mm,而第一透镜11的焦距f1为2.7719mm、第二透镜12的焦距f2为-130.8mm;在光轴上,由第一透镜11的物侧面R1到影像感测器15的成像面的距离TL(总长度)为3.5959mm;即,The effective focal length f s of the
可以满足条件式(1)~式(4)。Conditional expressions (1) to (4) can be satisfied.
由上述表(三)、表(四)及图6~8的场曲、成像畸变及纵向像差图所示,藉此可证明本发明的二镜片光学取像镜头可有效修正像差,使光学取像镜头1具有高解析度及短后焦效果,能有效缩小镜头长度,而提升本发明的应用性。As shown in Table (3) and Table (4) above and the field curvature, imaging distortion and longitudinal aberration diagrams of Figs. The
<第三实施例><Third embodiment>
请参考图2、9、10、11所示,其分别是本发明光学取像镜头1第三实施例的光路结构示意图与场曲、成像畸变及在半径0.4996mm时的纵向像差图。Please refer to FIGS. 2, 9, 10, and 11, which are the optical path structure schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the
下列表(五)中分别列有由物侧至像侧依序编号的光学面号码、在光轴上各光学面的曲率半径R、光轴上各面之间距d,各透镜的折射率(Nd)、各透镜的阿贝数vd。The following table (5) lists the number of optical surfaces sequentially numbered from the object side to the image side, the radius of curvature R of each optical surface on the optical axis, the distance d between each surface on the optical axis, and the refractive index of each lens ( N d ), the Abbe number v d of each lens.
表(五)Table (5)
*aspherical surface * aspherical surface
下列表(六)列有各光学面的非球面式(5)的各项系数:The following table (6) lists the various coefficients of the aspheric surface formula (5) of each optical surface:
表(六)Table (6)
本实施例中,第一透镜11与第二透镜12是利用相同的玻璃材质制成,其折射率Nd为1.580、阿贝数vd为58.9;红外线滤光片13是使用其折射率Nd为1.517、阿贝数vd为64.17的玻璃材质制成。In this embodiment, the
本实施例光学取像镜头1的有效焦距fs为2.878mm,而第一透镜11的焦距f1为2.4924mm、第二透镜12的焦距f2为-11.1504mm;在光轴上,由第一透镜11的物侧面R1到影像感测器15的成像面的距离TL为3.3509mm;即,The effective focal length fs of the
可以满足条件式(1)~式(4)。Conditional expressions (1) to (4) can be satisfied.
由上述表(五)、表(六)及图9~11的场曲、成像畸变及纵向像差图所示,藉此可证明本发明的二镜片光学取像镜头可有效修正像差,使光学取像镜头1具有高解析度及短后焦效果,能有效缩小镜头长度,而提升本发明的应用性。As shown in Table (5) and Table (6) above and the field curvature, imaging distortion and longitudinal aberration diagrams of Figs. The
以上所示仅为本发明的优选实施例,对本发明而言仅是说明性的,而非限制性的。本领域具通常知识技术人员理解,在本发明权利要求所限定的精神和范围内可对其进行许多改变、修改、甚至等效变更,但都将落入本发明的权利范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are only illustrative, not restrictive, of the present invention. Those skilled in the art understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalent changes can be made within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, but all will fall within the scope of the present invention.
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