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CN101725392A - Urea water injection amount controller and urea water injection control system - Google Patents

Urea water injection amount controller and urea water injection control system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101725392A
CN101725392A CN200910176371A CN200910176371A CN101725392A CN 101725392 A CN101725392 A CN 101725392A CN 200910176371 A CN200910176371 A CN 200910176371A CN 200910176371 A CN200910176371 A CN 200910176371A CN 101725392 A CN101725392 A CN 101725392A
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China
Prior art keywords
urea water
ratio
water injection
tail gas
injection amount
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Granted
Application number
CN200910176371A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101725392B (en
Inventor
栩川和治
丸山昌利
下村修
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0408—Methods of control or diagnosing using a feed-back loop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

The ratio of nitric oxide (NO) to nitric dioxide (NO2) flowing into the NOx reduced catalyst (11a) is calculated based on the conversion of the nitric dioxide during the nitric oxide (NO) is oxidized into nitric dioxide (NO2) in an oxidation catalyst (11a) and the conversion of the nitric oxide when the carbon in a filter (12) is oxidized into the nitric dioxide (NO2) to make the nitric dioxide (NO2) conversed into nitric oxide. The urea water injection amount of an injector (14) is controlled based on the ratio of the nitric oxide (NO) to the nitric dioxide (NO2).

Description

Urea water injection amount controller and urea water injection control system
Technical field
The present invention relates to provide NO xThe exhaust gas purification system of the internal-combustion engine of reducing catalyst, this NO xReducing catalyst is by using the ammonia that is generated by urea water with the nitrogen oxide (NO in the tail gas x) reduction.The present invention relates to a kind of urea water injection amount controller and control system thereof.
Background technique
Known NO xReducing catalyst can be by using the ammonia (NH that is generated by urea water 3) come nitrogen oxides reduction NO x(mainly be nitrous oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2)).People infer that this reduction reaction follows following reaction equation (1)-(3).Hereinafter, NO xThe expression nitrogen oxide, NO represents nitrous oxide, NO 2Expression nitrogen dioxide, and NH3 represents ammonia.
NH 3+1/2NO+1/2NO 2→N 2+3/2H 2O (1)
NH 3+NO+1/4O 2→N 2+3/2H 2O (2)
NH 3+3/4NO 2→7/8N 2+3/2H 2O (3)
This means, according to being used for reductive NO and NO 2The difference of reaction equation (1)-(3), flow into NO xIn the reducing catalyst, be used for the NH of reduction reaction 3Amount also different.Therefore, if by simple estimation NO xAmount, and based on the NO that estimates xAmount is controlled the emitted dose of urea water, so, and according to NO and NO 2Between ratio, NH will appear 3Supply is superfluous or not enough.Hereinafter, NO and NO 2Between ratio table be shown NO/NO 2Ratio.Work as NH 3When not enough, NO xPurification efficiency will variation.Work as NH 3When excessive, NO xThe excessive NH that discharges in the reducing catalyst 3Can bring the slippage (slip) of ammonia.In the conventional way, estimation NO/NO 2Ratio, and, limit NH whereby according to the emitted dose that the estimation result controls urea water 3The surplus of supply or short.
Show among the JP-2002-250220A, according to following reaction equation (4), by being arranged on NO xThe oxidation catalyst of reducing catalyst upstream is oxidized to NO with the NO in the tail gas 2Based on NO in the oxidation 2Conversion ratio, can estimate NO/NO 2Ratio.
2NO+O 2→2NO 2 (4)
Incidentally, in following formula (1)-(3), the reaction velocity of formula (1) is the fastest.Flow to most of NO of oxidation catalyst xAll be NO.Shown in reaction equation (4), by part NO is oxidized to NO 2, make NO 2Amount move closer to the amount of NO.Make at NO whereby xIn the reducing catalyst, the reaction of reaction equation (1) obtains quickening, thereby improves NO xPurification efficiency.
But the present inventor finds, in the control of routine, according to NO on the oxidation catalyst 2Conversion ratio estimate NO/NO 2Than the time, the accuracy of estimation can further improve.
In exhaust gas purification system, diesel particulate filter (DPF) is caught the particulate matter (PM) in the tail gas, and this exhaust gas purification system is installed in NO xThe upstream of reducing catalyst, according to following reaction equation (5), the PM cigarette ash (carbon) that DPF catches is by NO 2Oxidation.Be accompanied by the oxidation of cigarette ash, NO 2Owing to reduction is converted into NO.
C+2NO 2→CO 2+2NO (5)
Thus, the present inventor finds, NO/NO 2Ratio is not only along with the NO on the oxidation catalyst 2Conversion ratio changes, and also goes up the NO conversion ratio that the oxidation of cigarette ash causes with DPF and changes.
Summary of the invention
Proposed the present invention in view of the above fact, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of urea water injection amount controller and control system thereof, this system can be by improving NO/NO 2The estimation precision of ratio reduces NH 3Supply excessive or short.
According to the present invention, provide a kind of urea water injection amount controller that is applicable in the purifying internal combustion engine tail gas system.Dispose in this exhaust gas purification system: be arranged on the NO in the offgas duct xReducing catalyst is used for reducing the nitrogen oxide of tail gas by the ammonia that uses urea water to generate; Sparger is used for urea water injection to NO xThe upstream of reducing catalyst; Be arranged on NO xThe oxidation catalyst of reducing catalyst upstream, the oxidation of nitric oxide that is used for tail gas is a nitrogen dioxide; Be arranged on NO xThe filter of reducing catalyst upstream is used for catching the charcoal particle of tail gas.
Urea water injection amount controller comprises: the ratio estimating device is used for according to being oxidized to NO at oxidation catalyst NO 2NO 2Conversion ratio and since filter in carbon by NO 2Oxidation causes NO 2Be converted into the NO conversion ratio of NO, estimate to flow into NO xNO in the reducing catalyst and NO 2The ratio; With the emitted dose control gear, be used for the NO and the NO that estimate according to the ratio estimating device 2Ratio, control the urea water injection amount of spraying by sparger.Hereinafter, NO and NO 2Ratio be expressed as NO/NO 2Ratio.
The present invention is that the following basis that is found to be with the inventor draws: NO/NO 2Ratio not only can be with the NO on the oxidation catalyst 2Conversion ratio changes, and also the NO conversion ratio that can cause with the oxidation reaction on the filter changes.Because NO/NO 2Than being according to NO on the oxidation catalyst 2Conversion ratio and filter on the conversion ratio common estimation of NO, so estimation for accuracy just is improved.Thus, can spray urea water with suitable amount, thus can be with suitable amount supply NH 3
According to a further aspect in the invention, controller also comprises PM cumulant obtaining device, is used for obtaining the cumulant of filter charcoal particle.The ratio estimating device is estimated the NO conversion ratio according to the charcoal particle cumulant that PM cumulant obtaining device obtains, and further estimates NO/NO 2Ratio.
By above-mentioned reaction equation (5) as can be seen, the NO conversion ratio is along with the amount of cigarette ash (carbon) changes, and cigarette ash is the main component of PM.According to a further aspect in the invention, by estimating NO/NO according to PM cumulant estimation NO conversion ratio 2Ratio, thus guarantee that estimation precision is enough high.
In addition, when the PM cumulant was big, the amount of the carbon in the reaction equation (5) was bigger, and it is higher that the NO conversion ratio also becomes.Therefore, preferably when the PM cumulant is big, estimate the NO conversion ratio bigger.
According to a further aspect in the invention, controller also comprises the filter temperature obtaining device, is used to obtain the temperature of filter.The ratio estimating device is estimated the conversion ratio of NO according to the filter temperature that is obtained by the filter temperature obtaining device, and then estimates NO/NO 2Ratio.
The reaction velocity of reaction equation (5) depends on the temperature of filter.That is to say that even the PM cumulant does not change, the NO conversion ratio also can be along with filter temperature changes.According to a further aspect in the invention, estimate the NO conversion ratio according to filter temperature, and then estimation NO/NO 2Ratio, thus guarantee that estimation precision is enough high.
When the filter temperature is in set point of temperature, NO conversion ratio maximum.Therefore, according to a further aspect in the invention, when estimating the NO conversion ratio according to filter temperature, preferably estimation as follows: when the filter temperature is in set point of temperature, NO conversion ratio maximum.
According to a further aspect in the invention, controller also comprises tail gas speed obtaining device, is used for obtaining the speed of tail gas.When tail gas speed became very fast, the ratio estimating device was proofreaied and correct the estimated value of nitrous oxide conversion ratio in the mode that reduces.
The speed of tail gas is big more, passes through filter and the NO of the formula that do not react (5) reaction 2Just many more.According to a further aspect in the invention, when tail gas speed became big, the ratio estimating device was proofreaied and correct the estimated value of nitrous oxide conversion ratio in the mode that reduces.So just improved the estimation precision of NO conversion ratio, NO/NO 2The estimation precision of ratio also is improved.
According to a further aspect in the invention, controller also comprises oxidation catalyst temperature obtaining device, is used to obtain the temperature of oxidation catalyst.The ratio estimating device is according to oxidation catalyst temperature estimation NO 2Conversion ratio, and then the estimation NO/NO 2Ratio.
The reaction velocity of reaction equation (4) depends on the temperature of oxidation catalyst.That is to say, even it is constant to flow into the NO amount of oxidation catalyst, NO 2Conversion ratio also can be along with the temperature change of oxidation catalyst.Based on this, owing to estimate NO according to the oxidation catalyst temperature 2Therefore conversion ratio has guaranteed estimation precision.
When oxidant temperature is in set point of temperature, NO 2The conversion ratio maximum.Therefore, according to a further aspect in the invention, when estimating NO according to the oxidation catalyst temperature 2During conversion ratio, preferably estimation as follows: when the oxidation catalyst temperature is in set point of temperature, NO 2The conversion ratio maximum.
According to a further aspect in the invention, controller also comprises tail gas speed obtaining device, is used to obtain tail gas speed.When tail gas speed became very fast, the ratio estimating device was proofreaied and correct the estimated value of nitrogen dioxide conversion ratio in the mode that reduces.
The speed of tail gas is fast more, through oxidation catalyst and the NO of the formula that do not react (4) reaction is just many more.According to a further aspect in the invention, when tail gas speed became big, the ratio estimating device was proofreaied and correct the estimated value of nitrogen dioxide conversion ratio in the mode that reduces.So just improved NO 2The estimation precision of conversion ratio, NO/NO 2The estimation precision of ratio also is improved.
According to a further aspect in the invention, urea water injection amount controller comprises: PM cumulant obtaining device is used for obtaining the cumulant of filter charcoal particle; The ratio estimating device is used for according to charcoal particle cumulant estimation inflow NO xThe ratio of the nitrous oxide in the reducing catalyst and nitrogen dioxide; With the emitted dose control gear, be used for according to the ratio of the nitrous oxide that estimates by the ratio estimating device with nitrogen dioxide, the urea water injection amount that control is sprayed by sparger.
According to above-mentioned design, because NO/NO 2Ratio is to estimate according to the charcoal particle cumulant relevant with the NO conversion ratio, so estimation precision can be improved.Thus, just can spray urea water with suitable amount, thus can be with suitable amount supply NH 3
According to the present invention, the urea water control system comprises: urea water injection amount controller mentioned above and at least a NO xReducing catalyst, sparger and oxidation catalyst.
Description of drawings
Other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage will become more clear by following explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings, and like uses similar reference character in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of exhaust gas purification system, has wherein used the urea water injection amount controller of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram, shows the computational process of urea water injection amount;
Fig. 3 A shows to 3E and is used in the collection of illustrative plates (map) in each estimation part shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 A shows the modified example of estimation part 20c collection of illustrative plates shown in Figure 2 to 4B.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, will with reference to the accompanying drawings the mode of execution that the present invention is specialized be described.This mode of execution is specially the diesel engine vent gas cleaning system with the present invention, and its detailed structure will be described hereinafter.
At first, Figure 1 shows that the structure of the exhaust gas purification system of present embodiment with reference to figure 1.This exhaust gas purification system is provided in the releasing system of internal-combustion engine, is used for the contained HC of cleaning of off-gas, CO, NO x, PM.
Particularly, provide in the following order in outlet pipe 10 in tail gas upstream one side: have oxidation catalyst 11a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 11, catch the diesel particulate filter (DPF) 12 of charcoal particulate matter (PM) and have NO xThe selective catalytic reduction device of reducing catalyst 13a (SCR) 13.Between SCR 13 and DPF 12, provide sparger 14, be used for urea water injection to tail gas.
DOC 11 is made of the platinum catalyst 11a of base material 11b and load on it.Unburned HC and CO carry out oxidation and purification in 11 pairs of tail gas of DOC, and with the nitrous oxide in the tail gas (NO) oxidation, make it be converted into nitrogen dioxide (NO 2).DPF 12 is continuous regeneration filters, and the porous cyclone separator arrangement of being made by heat-stable ceramic forms, and described heat-stable ceramic is steinheilite for example.For example, captive PM repeats burning, and is removed in the back injection after main fuel sprays, thereby DPF 12 can be used continuously.
Vehicle is equipped with the urea water tank 15 of storage urea water.Urea water is dissolved in urea in the pure water and makes.Be stored in urea water in the urea water tank 15 by electric pump 16 pumpings, it is infeeded in the sparger 14 by filter 17.Electric pump 16 is finished energising by electric control unit (ECU) 20 controls during with convenient engine running.The adjustment of pressure regulator (not shown) infeeds the urea water pressure in the sparger 14, makes its maintenance constant.
Sparger 14 carries the urea water injection of coming to advance upstream one side of SCR 13 electric pump 16.More specifically, sparger 14 has needle (needle) (not shown), is used for the ON/OFF jetburner.The position of needle is by ECU 20 controls.ECU 20 controls the emitted dose of urea water by the unlatching cycle of jetburner in the control unit time.
The urea water of being sprayed by sparger 14 is converted into ammonia (NH by the heat of tail gas 3) (by following reaction equation (6) expression), and infeed among the SCR 13 with tail gas.
(NH 2)2CO+H 2O→2NH 3+CO 2 (6)
SCR 13 is by the NO of base material 13b and load on it xReducing catalyst 13a constitutes, described NO xReducing catalyst 13 is barium oxide for example.Even there is oxygen, SCR 13 also can optionally make the NO in the tail gas xWith ammonia react (reference reaction formula (1)-(3)), come reductive NO xFlow into the NO among the DOC 11 xMajor part is NO.Shown in reaction equation (4), by part NO is oxidized to NO 2, the feasible NO that flows among the SCR 13 2Amount moves closer to the amount of NO.Whereby, in SCR 13, the reaction of reaction equation (1) obtains quickening, thereby makes NO xPurification efficiency is improved.
ECU 20 comprises known microcomputer (not shown), checkout value according to variant sensor, calculate the rotating speed (engine speed) that sucks air inlet amount, motor required torque and bent axle in the firing chamber in each burn cycle, described sensor is airometer 21, accelerator position sensor 22 and crank angle sensor 23 for example.Like this, just according to the drive condition of calculated value control motor, for example fuel injection amount, fuel spray opportunity, EGR amount and cross pressurising ECU 20.
In addition, ECU 20 calculates NO amount and the NO that flows among the SCR 13 2Amount, and calculating and reductive NO xThe corresponding urea water yield of required ammonia amount.Sparger 14 sprays the urea water of amount of calculation.
Below will be by the computational process of urea water injection amount is described with reference to figure 2, so that provide an amount of ammonia to SCR 13.
＜NO x Amount estimation part 20a 〉
According to the operating conditions of motor, NO x Amount estimation part 20a calculates by NO contained in the discharge tail gas of firing chamber xAmount just flows into the NO among the DOC 11 xAmount.Perhaps, can NO be set in the upstream of DOC 11 xSensor, and according to NO xThe checkout value of sensor calculates NO xAmount.
The NO/NO at＜DOC place 2Than estimation part 20b 〉
According to reaction equation (4), DOC 11 places are converted into NO 2NO amount depend on reaction temperature, promptly depend on the temperature of DOC 11.The one NO/NO 2Than estimation part 20b (ratio estimating device), by use collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 A, according to the temperature computation NO of DOC 11 2Conversion ratio.This collection of illustrative plates forms as follows: when the DOC temperature is in set point of temperature, and NO 2The conversion ratio maximum.Be used to calculate NO 2The DOC temperature of conversion ratio can draw according to the checkout value of the exhaust gas temperature sensor 24 that is positioned at DOC 11 upstreams.
In addition, when becoming big, the reaction velocity of reaction equation (4) is just slack-off when air inlet amount (flowing into the air inflow of firing chamber in the air inflow that time per unit flows into or each burning cycle).That is to say, when the air inlet amount is big, the NO in DOC place such as reaction equation (4) reaction 2Conversion ratio will diminish.The air inlet amount is corresponding with the exhaust emissions amount.Strictly speaking, air inflow is corresponding with tail gas speed.At a NO/NO 2In estimation part 20b, according to the NO of air inflow to calculating based on collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 A 2Conversion ratio is proofreaied and correct.For example, obtain air inflow and NO in advance 2Relation between the conversion ratio correcting value just can be proofreaied and correct NO by collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 D that uses this relation of storage then 2Conversion ratio.
In other words, as the NO that flows into DOC11 xWhen amount is big, the NO at DOC 11 places 2Conversion ratio will diminish.The NO that calculates based on collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 A 2Conversion ratio can be measured according to the NO that collection of illustrative plates shown in use Fig. 3 E draws and proofread and correct.
The one NO/NO 2Than estimating that part 20b is according to NO xThe NO that calculates among the amount estimation part 20a 2Conversion ratio and NO xAmount is calculated the NO amount and the NO that flow into DPF 12 from DOC 11 2Amount.
The NO/NO at＜DPF place 2Than estimation part 20c 〉
According to above-mentioned reaction equation (5), at the NO of DPF place 2The amount that is converted into NO depends on the atmosphere temperature of reaction, i.e. the temperature of DPF 12; Also depend on the PM cumulant that DPF 12 catches.Hereinafter, the temperature at DPF 12 places is called as dpf temperature, and the PM cumulant that DPF 12 catches is called as accumulation PM amount.The 2nd NO/NO 2The conversion ratio that PM cumulant of catching according to DPF 12 than estimation part 20c (ratio estimating device) and dpf temperature calculate NO.
Specifically, according to the checkout value of differential pressure transducer 25,26, obtain the differential pressure of tail gas between the upstream and downstream of DPF 12, it is called as the DPF differential pressure.Then, according to the DPF differential pressure that obtains with collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 B, calculate accumulation PM amount.In addition, even the DPF differential pressure does not change, the PM of accumulation amount also can change with the tail gas flow rate.According to collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 B, can calculate accumulation PM amount according to the tail gas flow rate.
Then, accumulation PM amount and dpf temperature according to collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 C calculate the NO conversion ratio.In this collection of illustrative plates, when accumulation PM amount was big, it is big that the NO conversion ratio also can become.When dpf temperature was in set point of temperature, the NO conversion ratio became maximum.The dpf temperature that is used to calculate the NO conversion ratio be consider response time, according to the checkout value estimation of exhaust gas temperature sensor 24.In addition, exhaust gas temperature sensor 24 can be arranged between DPF 12 and the DOC11 or between DPF 12 and SCR 13 or in the downstream of SCR 13.
In addition, when air inflow (exhaust emissions amount just) was big, the reaction velocity of reaction equation (5) will diminish.Air inflow is corresponding with the tail gas amount.Strictly, air inflow is corresponding with tail gas speed.When air inflow was big, DPF 12 places will diminish according to the NO conversion ratio of the reaction of reaction equation (5).The 2nd NO/NO 2 Than estimation part 20c, to proofreading and correct by the NO conversion ratio that calculates according to air inflow, according to collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 B and the 3C.For example, obtain air inflow and NO conversion ratio correcting value (NO in advance xThe reacting dose corrected value) relation between, and proofread and correct the conversion ratio of NO by the collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 D that uses this relation of storage.
In other words, as the NO that flows into DPF 12 xWhen amount is big, the NO at DPF 12 places 2Conversion ratio will diminish.Can be according to the NO that obtains by collection of illustrative plates shown in use Fig. 3 E xAmount is proofreaied and correct the NO conversion ratio that calculates according to collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 B and the 3C.
The 2nd NO/NO 2Than estimating that part 20c is according to NO conversion ratio, a NO/NO 2The NO that calculates than estimation part 20b measures and NO 2Amount is calculated NO amount and the NO that is flowed into SCR 13 by DPF 12 2Amount.
＜urea water injection amount calculating section 20d 〉
NO in tail gas xWhen in SCR 13, being reduced, according to reaction equation (1)-(3), NO by selectivity xBe reduced to NO and NO 2Urea water injection amount calculating section 20d (emitted dose control gear) basis is by the 2nd NO/NO 2Than the NO and the NO that estimate that part 20c calculates 2Amount is calculated the urea water injection amount of being sprayed by sparger 14.The urea water injection amount is calculated as follows: when using one of above-mentioned reaction equation (1)-(3), can provide the NH of appropriate amount 3
According to the mode of execution of the invention described above, can obtain following advantage.
(1) owing to calculating NO amount and the NO that flows among the SCR 13 2During amount, considered NO in DPF 12 and DOC 11 2Be converted into NO, so, with consideration NO in DOC 11 2The situation that is converted into NO is compared, and has improved NO amount and NO 2The calculation accuracy of amount.Therefore, can spray urea water with suitable amount, thereby also can provide NH with suitable amount 3
(2) specifically, at the NO of DOC 11 2Conversion ratio is estimated according to the DOC temperature, flows into NO amount and NO among the DPF 12 2Amount is the NO according to estimation 2Conversion ratio calculates.Then, measure and estimate conversion ratio, and calculate NO amount and the NO that flows among the SCR 13 according to the NO conversion ratio of estimation at the NO of DPF11 according to dpf temperature and accumulation PM 2Amount.That is to say, flow into NO amount and NO among the SCR13 2Amount calculates according to DOC temperature, dpf temperature and accumulation PM amount.
As mentioned above, according to DOC temperature estimation NO 2Conversion ratio makes that the estimation accuracy is enough improved.And, according to dpf temperature and accumulation PM amount estimation NO conversion ratio, can guarantee that also estimation precision is enough high.
(3) as estimation NO conversion ratio and NO 2During conversion ratio, when big, just proofread and correct these conversion ratios less, thereby improved estimation precision in the presence of air inflow.
(4) collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 3 A and the 3C is based on that following discovery establishes: when DOC temperature or dpf temperature are in set point of temperature, and NO conversion ratio and NO 2It is maximum that conversion ratio becomes.Therefore, the estimation precision of conversion ratio just is improved.
[other mode of execution]
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned mode of execution.Above-mentioned mode of execution can be made following change:
In the above-described embodiment, the accumulation PM amount that is used to calculate the NO conversion ratio is that checkout value according to differential pressure transducer 25,26 calculates.But accumulation PM amount also can be calculated according to engine condition, does not need to use differential pressure transducer 25,26.This computational methods will be described below.
At first, the PM amount that is called the firing chamber discharging of PM discharge amount according to engine speed and fuel injection amount estimation.For example, obtain relation between engine speed, fuel injection amount and the PM discharge amount in advance, and it is stored in the collection of illustrative plates shown in Fig. 4 A by test.Estimate the PM discharge amount with this collection of illustrative plates.Then, the PM amount that estimation will be burnt in DPF 12 and be consumed according to dpf temperature, it is called the PM burning capacity.For example, obtain relation between dpf temperature and the PM burning capacity by test in advance, be stored in then shown in Fig. 4 B in the collection of illustrative plates.Utilize this figure spectrum estimation to obtain the PM burning capacity.Deduct the PM releasing quantity with the PM burning capacity, just can obtain accumulating the PM amount.
In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied in DOC 11 and the DPF 12 independent exhaust gas purification systems that are provided with.But the present invention also can be used for DOC 11 and DPF 12 forms an integrally-built exhaust gas purification system.Especially, oxidation catalyst 11a can just load on the filter of DPF 12.
In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is used for diesel engine.But the present invention also can be used for petrol engine, as long as also be provided with SCR 13.

Claims (11)

1. urea water injection amount controller that is applicable to the purifying internal combustion engine tail gas system, this purifying internal combustion engine tail gas system comprises: be arranged on the NO in the offgas duct (10) xReducing catalyst (13a) is used for the ammonia (NH that is generated by urea water by using 3) reduce nitrogen oxide (NO in the tail gas x); Sparger (14) is used for urea water injection to NO xThe upstream of reducing catalyst (13a); Be arranged on NO xThe oxidation catalyst (11a) of reducing catalyst (13a) upstream is used for the nitrous oxide (NO) of tail gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2); Be arranged on NO xThe filter (12) of reducing catalyst (13a) upstream is used for catching the charcoal particle of tail gas; Described urea water injection amount controller comprises:
(20b 20c), is used for according to being oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO at oxidation catalyst (11a) nitrous oxide (NO) the ratio estimating device 2) nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) conversion ratio and since filter (12) in carbon by nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) oxidation causes nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) be converted into nitrous oxide (NO) conversion ratio of nitrous oxide (NO), estimate to flow into NO xNitrous oxide (NO) in the reducing catalyst (11a) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) the ratio; With
Emitted dose control gear (20d) is used for the nitrous oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO that estimate according to the ratio estimating device 2) ratio, the emitted dose of the urea water that control is sprayed by sparger (14).
2. urea water injection amount controller as claimed in claim 1, it also comprises PM cumulant obtaining device (12,20,25,26), is used for obtaining the cumulant of filter (12) charcoal particle, wherein
(20b 20c) estimates nitric oxide production conversion ratio according to the cumulant of the charcoal particle that obtains by PM cumulant obtaining device to the ratio estimating device, and then estimation NO/NO 2Ratio.
3. urea water injection amount controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein
(20b, 20c) estimate as follows: when the cumulant of carbon was big, the nitrous oxide conversion ratio was also bigger for the ratio estimating device.
4. as arbitrary described urea water injection amount controller in the claim 1 to 3, it also comprises filter temperature obtaining device (20,24), is used to obtain the temperature of filter (12), wherein
(20b 20c) estimates nitric oxide production conversion ratio according to the temperature of the filter (12) that is obtained by the filter temperature obtaining device to the ratio estimating device, and then estimation NO/NO 2Ratio.
5. urea water injection amount controller as claimed in claim 4, wherein
The ratio estimating device (20b, 20c) estimate as follows: when the temperature of filter is in set point of temperature, nitric oxide production conversion ratio maximum.
6. urea water injection amount controller as claimed in claim 2, it also comprises tail gas speed obtaining device (20), is used for obtaining the speed of tail gas, wherein
When tail gas speed became big, (20b 20c) proofreaied and correct the estimated value of nitrous oxide conversion ratio to the ratio estimating device in the mode that reduces.
7. urea water injection amount controller as claimed in claim 1, it also comprises oxidation catalyst temperature obtaining device (20,24), is used to obtain the temperature of oxidation catalyst, wherein
The ratio estimating device (20b, 20c) according to the conversion ratio of oxidation catalyst temperature estimation nitrogen dioxide, and then estimation NO/NO 2Ratio.
8. urea water injection amount controller as claimed in claim 7, wherein
The ratio estimating device (20b, 20c) estimate as follows: when the oxidation catalyst temperature is in set point of temperature, the conversion ratio maximum of nitrogen dioxide.
9. as claim 7 or 8 described urea water injection amount controllers, it also comprises tail gas speed obtaining device (20), is used to obtain tail gas speed, wherein
When tail gas speed became big, (20b 20c) proofreaied and correct the estimated value of nitrogen dioxide conversion ratio to the ratio estimating device in the mode that reduces.
10. urea water injection amount controller that is applicable to the purifying internal combustion engine tail gas system, this purifying internal combustion engine tail gas system comprises: be arranged on the NO in the offgas duct (10) xReducing catalyst (13a) is used for the ammonia (NH that is generated by urea water by using 3) reduce nitrogen oxide (NO in the tail gas x); Sparger (14) is used for urea water injection to NO xThe upstream of reducing catalyst (13a); Be arranged on NO xThe oxidation catalyst (11a) of reducing catalyst (13a) upstream is used for the nitrous oxide (NO) of tail gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2); Be arranged on NO xThe filter (12) of reducing catalyst (13a) upstream is used for catching the charcoal particle of tail gas; Described urea water injection amount controller comprises:
PM cumulant obtaining device (12,20,25,26) is used for obtaining the cumulant of filter (12) charcoal particle;
(20b 20c), is used for flowing into NO according to the cumulant estimation of charcoal particle the ratio estimating device xNitrous oxide (NO) in the reducing catalyst (11a) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) the ratio; With
Emitted dose control gear (20d) is used for according to nitrous oxide (NO) that is estimated by the ratio estimating device and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) ratio, the emitted dose of the urea water that control is sprayed by sparger (14).
11. a urea water control system, it comprises:
As claim 1 or 10 described urea water injection amount controllers; And
At least a NO xReducing catalyst (13a), sparger (14) and oxidation catalyst (11a).
CN2009101763714A 2008-10-15 2009-09-28 Urea water injection amount controller and urea water injection control system Expired - Fee Related CN101725392B (en)

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