CN101723476B - Seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation, belonging to the technical field of solar energy. The seawater desalination device comprises a solar collector, a first circulating pump, a heat exchanger, an evaporative condenser, a blower fan and a vacuum pump mechanism, wherein the solar collector is connected with the first circulating pump; the heat exchanger is respectively connected with the solar collector and the evaporative condenser; the evaporative condenser is connected with the blower fan; the vacuum pump mechanism is connected with the evaporative condenser; the evaporative condenser comprises an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber; the condensation chamber is embedded into the evaporation chamber; the evaporation chamber is connected with the heat exchanger; and the position where the condensation chamber is embedded into the evaporation chamber is provided with a heat exchanging wall surface. The invention desalinates seawater in the mode of combining the solar energy and a low-pressure vapor compressing distillation seawater desalination method, reduces the pretreatment cost of seawater or brackish water, simplifies the mechanism and is also conveniently realized. The whole device is operated at the low pressure, reduces the operating temperature and improves the heat efficiency by employing the evaporative condenser to recover condensation heat.

Description

Solar compressed air distillation seawater desalination device

technical field

The invention relates to a device in the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a solar compressed air distillation seawater desalination device.

Background technique

Facing the increasingly serious worldwide water shortage problem, developing seawater desalination technology and using the ocean to solve water shortage has become a choice for coastal areas. There are many methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water, but conventional methods, such as distillation, reverse osmosis and ion exchange, all require a large amount of energy consumption. With the rapid expansion of seawater desalination installed capacity, it will bring a series of environmental problems. Taking energy consumption as an example, the world currently produces about 35 million cubic meters of desalinated water per day and consumes about 300 million tons of crude oil every year. Rising international oil prices and growing concern about environmental issues have become obstacles to the further development of seawater desalination. Therefore, seeking new energy sources for seawater desalination will become an inevitable choice for all countries, and solar energy has become a preferred choice for people with its unique advantages.

After searching the literature of the prior art, it was found that Chinese patent application number: 200910016942.8, which discloses a solar seawater desalination device, including: a vacuum tube solar collector with a hot and cold water tank, a combined evaporative condenser, seawater Evaporators, water vapor condensers, scroll vacuum pumps, heat pump circulation systems, fresh water tanks, concentrated brine tanks, sieve plates and pressure reducing valves, although the condensation heat is recovered, the heat pump part is added, resulting in increased energy consumption, and the device become more complicated.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a solar compressed gas distillation seawater desalination device, which uses solar energy and low pressure compressed gas distillation to desalinate seawater desalination, simplifies the mechanism, saves the heat pump circulation system, and is more efficient. Use solar energy.

The present invention is realized through the following technical proposals: the present invention comprises: a solar heat collector, a first circulation pump, a heat exchanger, an evaporative condenser, a blower fan and a vacuum pump mechanism, wherein: the solar heat collector is connected to the first circulation pump, and the heat exchange The collector is respectively connected with the solar heat collector and the evaporative condenser, the evaporative condenser is connected with the fan, and the vacuum pump mechanism is connected with the evaporative condenser.

The evaporation condenser includes: an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber, wherein: the condensation chamber is embedded in the evaporation chamber, and the evaporation chamber is connected with a heat exchanger.

The place where the condensation chamber is embedded in the evaporation chamber is provided with a heat exchange wall.

The fan is arranged in the steam channel between the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber.

The solar heat collector is a vacuum tube heat collector or a flat plate heat collector.

The heat exchanger is a fixed tube-sheet heat exchanger.

The fan is an axial fan.

The vacuum pump mechanism includes: a first vacuum pump and a second vacuum pump, wherein: the first vacuum pump is connected with the evaporation chamber, and the second vacuum pump is connected with the condensation chamber.

The present invention adopts the combination of solar energy and low-pressure compressed air distillation seawater desalination method to carry out seawater desalination, which has low requirements on water quality, reduces the pretreatment cost of seawater or brackish water, saves the heat pump circulation system, simplifies the mechanism, and does not require Cooling water, also does not need steam, realizes convenience. The whole device operates under low pressure, which reduces the operating temperature, and adopts evaporative condenser to recover condensation heat, which improves thermal efficiency, so it can efficiently use solar energy, and at the same time reduce the possibility of system fouling, which better solves the problem of seawater desalination device and The organic combination of solar energy and the serious fouling problem of the traditional compressed gas distillation method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: this embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following the described embodiment.

As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment includes: a solar heat collector 1, a first circulation pump 2, a first valve 3, a heat exchanger 4, an evaporative condenser 5, a fan 6 and a vacuum pump mechanism 7, wherein: the solar heat collector The heat exchanger 1, the first valve 3 and the first circulating pump 2 are connected in sequence, the heat exchanger 4 is respectively connected with the inlet and outlet of the circulating working medium of the solar collector 1 and the inlet and outlet of the evaporative condenser 5, and the evaporative condenser 5 and the fan 6 Connected, the vacuum pump mechanism 7 is connected with the evaporative condenser 5. In this embodiment, the solar heat collector 1 is a vacuum tube heat collector or a flat plate heat collector, and the heat exchanger 4 is a fixed tube-sheet heat exchanger.

The evaporation condenser 5 includes: an evaporation chamber 8, a condensation chamber 9 and a baffle plate 10, wherein: the condensation chamber 9 is embedded in the evaporation chamber 8, and the place where the condensation chamber 9 is embedded in the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a heat exchanger made of copper alloy for heat recovery. On the hot wall surface, the baffle plate 10 is arranged on the edge of the evaporation chamber 8 and the condensation chamber 9, so that the seawater flows down evenly along the heat exchange wall surface on one side of the evaporation chamber 8, and the seawater flows down in the evaporation chamber 8 in a film shape along the heat exchange wall surface, Evaporation is realized during the downstream process, the steam condenses along the heat exchange wall on one side of the condensation chamber 9, and the condensation heat is supplied to the evaporation chamber 8 through the heat exchange wall, thereby realizing efficient heat recovery.

The second circulation pump 12 is connected with the evaporation chamber 8 to realize the recycling of seawater. The three-way valve 11 is connected with the second circulation pump 12, the evaporation chamber 8 and the heat exchanger 4 respectively. The temperature and pressure gauge 13 is arranged on the top of the condensation chamber 9.

The fan 6 adopts a direct-flow axial flow fan, which is sealed and arranged in the steam flow channel between the evaporation chamber 8 and the condensation chamber 9 .

The vacuum pump mechanism 7 includes: a first vacuum pump 14, a second valve 15, a third valve 16 and a second vacuum pump 17, the first vacuum pump 14 is connected to the evaporation chamber 8 through the second valve 15, and the second vacuum pump 17 is connected through the third valve 16 and the second vacuum pump 17. The condensation chamber 9 is connected.

When in use, the solar heat collector 1 absorbs solar heat energy, the heat collecting medium circulates through the first circulating pump 2, and exchanges heat to seawater through the heat exchanger 4. The heated seawater enters the evaporation chamber 8 through the three-way valve 11, and is vaporized due to the pressure drop. The generated steam is adiabatically compressed by the fan 6, and then sent to the condensation chamber 9 after increasing the pressure, temperature and enthalpy, and the latent heat released by condensation The seawater in the evaporation chamber 8 is supplied through the heat transfer wall, so that the seawater in the evaporation chamber 8 continues to evaporate, and the condensed water is discharged from the condensation chamber 9 through the second vacuum pump 17 . Part of the incompletely evaporated concentrated seawater is mixed with the seawater in the three-way valve 11 by the second circulation pump 12 and then circulated and evaporated again, while the other part of the concentrated seawater is discharged through the first vacuum pump 14 . The temperature of the evaporative condenser 5 is measured by the temperature and pressure gauge 13 and is between 50°C and 60°C. The main feature of this compressed gas distillation method is to recover the latent heat in the condensation process to supply seawater evaporation, which improves the heat utilization efficiency. At the same time, it also has the advantages of no cooling water, low water quality requirements, simple seawater pretreatment and high conversion efficiency. In this embodiment, the heat pump circulation system is omitted, which makes the whole device simpler and easier to operate.

Claims (6)

1. seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation, comprise: solar energy collector, first recycle pump, interchanger, vaporizer-condenser, blower fan and vacuum pump mechanism, it is characterized in that: solar energy collector links to each other with first recycle pump, interchanger links to each other with vaporizer-condenser with solar energy collector respectively, vaporizer-condenser links to each other with blower fan, and vacuum pump mechanism links to each other with vaporizer-condenser; Described vaporizer-condenser comprises: evaporation cavity and condensation chamber, and condensation chamber embeds and is arranged in the evaporation cavity, and evaporation cavity links to each other with interchanger, and condensation chamber embeds the evaporation cavity place and is provided with the heat exchange wall.

2. seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described solar energy collector is vacuum tube collector or flat heat collecting dress device.

3. seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that described interchanger is a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger.

4. seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that described blower fan is arranged at the steam flow channel between evaporation cavity and the condensation chamber.

5. seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that described blower fan is an aerofoil fan.

6. seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described vacuum pump mechanism comprises: first vacuum pump and second vacuum pump, and wherein: first vacuum pump links to each other with evaporation cavity, and second vacuum pump links to each other with condensation chamber.

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