CN101708872B - Solar desalting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention specifically relates to a solar desalination device. Its technical scheme is: there are 3～5 layers of bottoms in the evaporation and condensation box (13) that are triangular groove-shaped iron plates (14), each groove is equipped with a V-shaped launder (15), the V-shaped launder (15) communicate with fresh water outlet (18) in the case. The bottom of the evaporation and condensation box (13) communicates with the condensation pipe (12) in the humidification and dehumidification tower (6) through the water pipe and the first water pump (1), and the condensation pipe (12) passes through the water pipe through the sun-facing follow-up solar heat collector (11 ) communicates with the honeycomb falling film evaporator (8). The humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6) is provided with a plastic partition (9), and its upper and lower parts are respectively equipped with an upper fan (10) and a lower fan (7). The left bottom of the humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6) passes through the water pipe and the Two water pumps (2) communicate with the second layer of iron pan (14) in the evaporation condensation box (13). The invention has the characteristics of sufficient heat energy utilization, high operating temperature, large evaporation and fresh water output.

Description

A solar desalination device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of desalination, and in particular relates to a solar desalination device.

Background technique

The desalination of salt water and brackish water is an important direction to solve the problem of water shortage in the world in the future. At present, relatively mature desalination technologies mainly include multi-effect evaporation, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, etc., but they all have disadvantages such as high investment, high energy consumption, and consumption of non-renewable energy. Among the numerous energy sources, solar energy stands out with its unlimited reserves and completely clean characteristics, and has been paid more and more attention. Solar desalination has the advantages of no or little consumption of conventional energy, no secondary pollution, and low operating costs. It is one of the main directions for future research on new energy and new desalination processes (Zuo Lu et al. Research Status and Prospects, Journal of Hohai University, 2008, 36: 753-757).

At present, solar desalination technology is mainly divided into two categories: active system and passive system. Since the passive solar desalination system has no external heating method, the water production is very low and has no practical value (Xu Jinyang et al. Experimental research on solar stills, Energy Saving, 2005, 2: 42-43). Some common solar stills (Zheng Hongfei's simulation experiment research on multi-stage stacked disc solar stills with wrinkled bottom surfaces, Acta Solar Sinica, 2004, 25: 200-203; Zhang Xiaoyan et al. Experimental research on multi-stage stacked disc solar stills, Water Treatment Technology, 2003, 29: 233-235) is an active system, but there are disadvantages such as easy leakage of steam, small water production in the system, and insufficient utilization of heat energy. Other single solar desalination technologies and devices, such as falling film evaporation-airflow absorption, etc. (Guo Qiang's heat transfer research and performance analysis of several different types of solar stills, New Energy and Technology, 2005, 29-33), also exist Defects such as low thermal energy utilization rate, low operating temperature, and large evaporation driving force.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims to overcome the existing technical defects, and aims to provide a solar desalination device with sufficient thermal energy utilization, high operating temperature, large evaporation and fresh water output.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the device is composed of three parts: an evaporation and condensation box, a humidification and dehumidification tower and a sun-facing follow-up solar heat collector.

The structure of the evaporation and condensation box is: 3 to 5 layers of iron plates are fixed horizontally in the box, and the bottom surface of the iron plates is folded into 5 to 20 triangular grooves. Except for the top iron plate, the triangular grooves of the other iron plates are One end is closed, and the other end communicates with each other through the iron plate communication groove. The iron plate communication groove of each layer communicates with the upper end of the iron plate communication pipe of the layer, and the lower end of the iron plate communication pipe is located above the iron plate communication groove of the next layer; A V-shaped chute is installed directly under each triangular groove of the iron plate. One end of each V-shaped chute in each layer is closed, and the other end is also communicated through the chute connecting groove, and each layer of chute is connected. The trough communicates up and down through the launder connecting pipe, and the launder connecting trough at the lowest level communicates horizontally with the fresh water outlet in the tank on the evaporation and condensation tank; the height between the fresh water outlet in the tank and the bottom of the tank is 1/4~1/3 of the height of the tank, The water inlet is slightly lower than the fresh water outlet in the tank, and the drain is located at the bottom of the tank; the four sides and the bottom of the tank of the evaporation and condensation tank are covered with thermal insulation materials, and the gap between the uppermost iron plate and the tank wall of the evaporation and condensation tank is covered with thermal insulation materials. The material is sealed.

The structure of the humidification and dehumidification tower is: the right side of the humidification and dehumidification tower is equipped with a condensation pipe, and the left side is equipped with a honeycomb falling film evaporator; a plastic partition is vertically arranged between the condensation pipe and the honeycomb falling film evaporator. The clapboard is installed on the base wall, and the upper fan and the lower fan are respectively installed in the middle of the uppermost and lower part of the plastic clapboard; the fresh water outlet in the tower is installed at the right bottom of the humidification and dehumidification tower, and the humidification and dehumidification tower An overflow port is installed on the left side; the top of the humidification and dehumidification tower is fixedly installed with a sun-following solar collector.

The sun-following solar collector consists of a sun-facing rotating base and 12-15 solar glass vacuum heat-collecting tubes, 12-15 solar-glass vacuum heat-collecting tubes are fixed side by side, and the center of mass is installed on the sun-facing rotating base; The lower ends of the heat collecting tubes are connected to each other as water inlet ends, and the upper ends are connected to each other as water outlet ends.

The bottom of the evaporation and condensation box communicates with the lower end of the condensation pipe in the humidification and dehumidification tower through the water pipe and the first water pump. The water outlet end of the solar glass vacuum heat collecting tube of the mobile solar collector communicates with the upper end of the honeycomb falling film evaporator in the humidification and dehumidification tower through the water pipe, and the bottom of the left side of the humidification and dehumidification tower is connected to the evaporation and condensation through the water pipe and the second water pump. Above the second-layer iron plate in the box; the above-mentioned water pipes are all covered with thermal insulation materials.

The iron plates of each layer are respectively fixed on the wall of the evaporation and condensation box through the iron plate support rods, and the surface of each layer of iron plates is galvanized; The wall and each layer of V-shaped flow grooves are made of PVC.

The material of the honeycomb falling film evaporator is honeycomb glass fiber inorganic wet film.

The condensation pipes are 10-12 galvanized copper pipes vertically and uniformly arranged, and 6-10 grooves are evenly formed on the cylindrical surface of the galvanized copper pipes along the vertical direction.

The upper fan is fixedly installed on the top of the tower, the lower fan is fixedly installed on the foundation wall, the height of the foundation wall is 1/8 to 1/6 of the height of the humidification and dehumidification tower; the air outlet of the upper fan faces the side of the humidification and dehumidification tower On the right side, the air outlet of the lower fan faces the left side of the humidification and dehumidification tower.

The plastic partition is two parallel plastic plates, and the distance between the two plastic plates is about the thickness of the upper fan or the lower fan.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the sun-following solar heat collector of the present invention can move according to the trajectory of the sun to ensure that the sunlight directly hits the surface of the solar glass vacuum heat collector tube, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. The solar glass vacuum heat collection tube can effectively heat the brine, and the operating temperature of the system is very high; the honeycomb falling film evaporator adopts glass fiber inorganic wet film, which has the characteristics of good water absorption and high humidification strength, and the heated brine is in the honeycomb falling film. The driving force required for evaporation on the evaporator is small, and the amount of evaporation is large. In addition, the upper and lower fans can generate a fast circulating air flow, and the circulating air passing through the surface of the honeycomb falling film evaporator can further promote the evaporation of salt water; the condensing pipe and the iron plate are galvanized copper tube and galvanized iron plate respectively, which not only have good heat transfer effect It can also effectively prevent the salt water from corroding the condensing pipe and the iron plate; the galvanized copper pipe has grooves evenly on the vertical cylindrical surface, which can effectively strengthen the condensation and heat transfer process; The plate and the box are covered with thermal insulation material, which can not only effectively preserve the heat in the box, promote the evaporation of salt water on the iron plate, but also prevent the leakage of steam; the bottom of the iron plate is in the shape of a triangular groove, which can increase the condensation surface and effectively Facilitate the condensation of steam in the box. The steam generated by the honeycomb falling film evaporator can heat the brine in the condenser pipe, and the latent heat released by condensation on the condenser pipe can also heat the brine in the condenser pipe. The unevaporated brine is further evaporated on the iron plate in the evaporation and condensation box, and the latent heat released by the steam and its condensation also heats the brine in the iron plate on the upper layer.

The invention absorbs solar energy to the greatest extent, and has a high operating temperature. The whole desalination process makes full use of the latent heat of steam and the sensible heat of brine itself for many times, which greatly improves the heat utilization efficiency and water production rate of the whole desalination device.

Therefore, the present invention has the characteristics of sufficient heat energy utilization, high operating temperature, large evaporation and fresh water output. It is especially suitable for producing fresh water in small islands or energy-stressed areas.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view diagram of A-A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of B-B in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, not limiting the scope of protection:

Example 1

A solar desalination device. This device is shown in Figure 1, and this device is made up of three parts of evaporating and condensing box 13, humidifying and dehumidifying tower 6 and solar heat collector 11 that follows the sun.

The structure of the evaporation and condensation box 13 is: 4 layers of iron plates 14 are horizontally fixed in the box, and the bottom surface of each layer of iron plates 14 is folded into 8 triangular grooves. One end of the triangular groove is closed, and the other end communicates through the iron plate communication groove 21. The iron plate communication groove 21 of each layer communicates with the upper end of the iron plate communication pipe 17 of the layer, and the lower end of the iron plate communication pipe 17 is located in the next layer of iron plate. The top of the plate communication groove 21; a V-shaped flow groove 15 is installed directly below each triangular groove of each iron plate 14, and one end of each V-shaped flow groove 15 of each layer is closed, and the other end passes through Launder connecting grooves 23 communicate with each other, and each layer of launder connecting grooves 23 communicates up and down through the launder connecting pipe 16, and the launder connecting groove 23 of the lowest layer communicates horizontally with the fresh water outlet 18 in the tank on the evaporation and condensation tank 13; the fresh water outlet in the tank The height of 18 from the bottom of the box is 1/3 of the height of the box body, the water inlet 19 is slightly lower than the fresh water outlet 18 in the box, and the drain port 20 is located at the bottom of the box body; the four sides and the bottom of the box body of the evaporation and condensation box 13 are all wrapped with thermal insulation materials Cover, and the gap between the uppermost iron plate 14 and the evaporating and condensing box 13 case walls is sealed with insulating material.

The structure of the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 is: the right side of the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 is equipped with a condensation pipe 12, and the left side is equipped with a honeycomb falling film evaporator 8; vertically between the condensation pipe 12 and the honeycomb falling film evaporator There are plastic partitions 9, and the plastic partitions 9 are installed on the base wall 4, and the upper fan 10 and the lower fan 7 are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the plastic partition 9; on the right side of the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 The fresh water outlet 3 in the tower is installed at the bottom, and the overflow port 5 is installed on the left side of the humidifying and dehumidifying tower 6;

Sunward follower solar collector 11 is composed of a sunward rotating base and 12 solar glass vacuum heat collecting tubes, the 12 solar glass vacuum heat collecting tubes are fixed side by side, and the center of mass is installed on the sunward rotating base; each solar glass vacuum heat collecting tube The lower ends are connected to each other as water inlets, and the upper ends are connected to each other as water outlets.

The bottom of the evaporating and condensing box 13 communicates with the lower end of the condensation pipe 12 in the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 through a water pipe and the first water pump 1, and the upper end of the condensation pipe 12 communicates with the solar glass vacuum heat collection pipe of the sunward follow-up solar collector 11 through a water pipe. The water end is connected, and the water outlet end of the solar glass vacuum heat collecting tube of the sunny follow-up solar collector 11 is connected with the upper end of the honeycomb falling film evaporator 8 in the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 through the water pipe, and the bottom of the left side of the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 The water pipe and the second water pump 2 are connected to the top of the second layer of iron plate 14 in the evaporating and condensing tank 13; the above water pipes are all covered with thermal insulation materials.

Described every layer of iron pan 14 as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, is respectively fixed on evaporating and condensing tank 13 case walls through iron pan support bar 22, and every layer of iron pan 14 is all processed through surface galvanizing; Groove 15 is respectively fixed on evaporating and condensing box 13 case walls through launder support bar 24, and every layer of V-shaped launder 15 is PVC material.

The material of the honeycomb falling film evaporator 8 is honeycomb glass fiber inorganic wet film.

The condensation pipe 12 is 10 galvanized copper tubes vertically and uniformly arranged, and 8 grooves are evenly opened on the cylindrical surface of the galvanized copper tube along the vertical direction.

The upper fan 10 is fixedly installed on the top of the tower, the lower fan 7 is fixedly installed on the base wall 4, the height of the base wall 4 is 1/8 of the height of the humidification and dehumidification tower 6; the air outlet of the upper fan 10 faces the humidification and dehumidification On the right side of the tower 6, the air outlet of the lower fan 7 faces the left side of the humidifying and dehumidifying tower 6.

The plastic partition 9 is two parallel plastic plates, and the distance between the two plastic plates is about the thickness of the upper fan 10 or the lower fan 7 .

The process of desalination of salt water or brackish water in the present invention is as follows: first close the drain port 20 on the evaporation and condensation tank 13, add the salt water to be treated through the water inlet 19, stop adding salt water and close the water inlet 19 when the water surface of the salt water is close to the water inlet 19 . Then start the sunny solar follow-up heat collector 11, the first water pump 1, the upper fan 10, the lower fan 7 and the second water pump 2 in sequence. The brine in the evaporation and condensation tank 13 enters the sun-following solar heat collector 11 through the condensation pipe 12, and the brine heated by the sun-following solar heat collector 11 enters the honeycomb falling-film evaporator 8 again, and passes through the honeycomb falling-film evaporator 8 Finally, the concentrated brine that has not been evaporated is pumped into the second layer of iron pan 14 in the evaporation and condensation tank 13 by the second water pump 2 .

The circulating airflow produced by the upper fan 10 and the lower fan 7 in the humidifying and dehumidifying tower 6 quickly flows over the surface of the honeycomb falling film evaporator 8 to quickly evaporate the heated brine into water vapor, and the water vapor contacts the condensation pipe 12 along with the circulating airflow. After its surface is condensed into fresh water in the tower, it is drawn out through the fresh water outlet 3 in the tower.

The concentrated brine on the second layer of iron plate 14 pumped into the evaporation and condensation box 13 descends layer by layer through the iron plate connecting pipe 17, and the steam generated by the evaporation of the concentrated brine on the iron plate 14 condenses on the back of the upper layer of iron plate 14 to form a box. Fresh water is drawn by the fresh water outlet 18 in the case by the V-shaped flow groove 15. The unevaporated concentrated brine on the iron plate 14 enters the bottom of the evaporation and condensation tank 13 and is pumped to the condensation pipe 12 by the first water pump 1 for a new round of circulation. During the desalination process, when the brine at the bottom of the evaporation and condensation tank 13 is nearly saturated, stop the first water pump 1, the second water pump 2, the upper fan 10 and the lower fan 7, and then discharge the nearly saturated brine in the evaporation and condensation tank 13 through the drain port 20 . The device has the characteristics of sufficient utilization of heat energy, high operating temperature, large evaporation and fresh water output.

Example 2

A solar desalination device. The structure of the device is shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 2. There are 3 or 5 layers of iron plates 14 fixed horizontally in the box; the height of the fresh water outlet 18 in the box from the bottom of the box is 1/4 to 1/3 of the height of the box; It consists of 13-15 solar glass vacuum heat collecting tubes; the condenser tube 12 is 11 or 12 galvanized copper tubes arranged vertically and evenly, and the cylindrical surface of the galvanized copper tube is evenly opened with 6-7 or 9- 10 grooves; the height of the base wall 4 is 1/8 to 1/6 of the height of the humidification and dehumidification tower 6 .

All the other are with embodiment 1.

This specific embodiment absorbs solar energy to the greatest extent, and the operating temperature is high. The whole desalination process makes full use of the latent heat of steam and the sensible heat of brine itself for many times, which greatly improves the heat utilization efficiency and water production rate of the whole desalination device.

Therefore, this specific embodiment has the characteristics of sufficient heat energy utilization, high operating temperature, large evaporation and fresh water production. It is especially suitable for producing fresh water in small islands or energy-stressed areas.

Claims (4)

1. A solar desalination device is characterized in that the device is made up of three parts: evaporative condensation box (13), humidification and dehumidification tower (6) and sunny follow-up solar heat collector (11); The structure of the evaporation and condensation box (13) is: 3 to 5 layers of iron plates (14) are horizontally fixed in the box, and the bottom surface of the iron plates (14) is folded into 5 to 20 triangular grooves, except for the uppermost layer of iron plates (14). ), one end of the triangular grooves of the remaining layers of iron plates (14) is closed, and the other end communicates with each other through the iron plate communicating grooves (21). ), the lower end of the iron plate connecting pipe (17) is located above the iron plate connecting groove (21) of the next layer; a V shaped launder (15), one end of each V-shaped launder (15) of each layer is all closed, and the other end also communicates through launder connecting groove (23), and every layer of launder connecting groove (23) is communicated by launder The pipe (16) communicates up and down, and the launder connecting groove (23) of the lowermost floor is connected horizontally with the fresh water outlet (18) in the tank on the evaporation and condensation tank (13); the height of the fresh water outlet (18) in the tank from the bottom of the tank is 1/4～1/3 of the height, the water inlet (19) is slightly lower than the fresh water outlet (18) in the box, and the drain (20) is located at the bottom of the box; the four sides and the bottom of the box of the evaporation and condensation box (13) are all Cover with insulation material, and the gap between the uppermost iron plate (14) and the wall of the evaporation and condensation box (13) is sealed with insulation material; The structure of the humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6) is: the right side in the humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6) is equipped with a condensation pipe (12), and the left side is equipped with a honeycomb falling film evaporator (8); Between the honeycomb falling film evaporators (8), plastic partitions (9) are vertically arranged, and the plastic partitions (9) are installed on the foundation wall (4). The plastic partitions (9) are two parallel plastic plates, and the two The distance between the plastic plates is about the thickness of the upper fan (10) or the lower fan (7); the uppermost fan (10) and the lower fan (7) are respectively arranged in the middle of the uppermost and lowermost parts of the plastic partition (9). ), the upper fan (10) is fixedly installed on the top of the tower, the lower fan (7) is fixedly installed on the foundation wall (4), and the height of the foundation wall (4) is 1/8-1 /6, the air outlet of the upper fan (10) faces the right side of the humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6), and the air outlet of the lower fan (7) faces the left side of the humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6); ) is equipped with a fresh water outlet (3) in the tower, and the left side of the humidification and dehumidification tower (6) is equipped with an overflow port (5); heat collector (11); The sunward following solar heat collector (11) is composed of a sunward rotating base and 12 to 15 solar glass vacuum heat collecting tubes, 12 to 15 solar glass vacuum heat collecting tubes are fixed side by side, and the center of mass is installed on the sunward rotating base; The lower ends of the solar glass vacuum heat collecting tubes are connected to each other as the water inlet, and the upper ends are connected to each other as the water outlet; The bottom of the evaporation and condensation box (13) communicates with the lower end of the condensation pipe (12) in the humidification and dehumidification tower (6) through the water pipe and the first water pump (1), and the upper end of the condensation pipe (12) communicates with the sun-driven solar heat collector through the water pipe The water inlet end of the solar glass vacuum heat collecting tube of device (11) communicates, and the water outlet end of the solar glass vacuum heat collecting tube of the sun-following solar heat collector (11) passes through the water pipe and the honeycomb falling film in the humidifying and dehumidifying tower (6) The upper ends of the evaporators (8) are communicated, and the bottom of the left side of the humidification and dehumidification tower (6) is communicated to the top of the second layer of iron plate (14) in the evaporation and condensation tank (13) through water pipes and the second water pump (2); The above-mentioned water pipes are all covered with thermal insulation materials. 2. The solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that each layer of iron plates (14) is respectively fixed on the wall of the evaporation and condensation box (13) through iron plate support rods (22), and each layer of iron plates (14) are all galvanized on the surface; each layer of V-shaped flow grooves (15) is fixed on the wall of the evaporation and condensation box (13) through the flow groove support rods (24) respectively, and each layer of V-shaped flow grooves (15) is PVC material. 3. The solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the honeycomb falling film evaporator (8) is a honeycomb glass fiber inorganic wet film. 4. The solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensing pipes (12) are 10 to 12 galvanized copper pipes arranged vertically and evenly, and the cylindrical surface of the galvanized copper pipes is along the vertical direction There are 6-10 grooves evenly opened.

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