Automatic control gear shifting device of electric car
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric vehicle transmission control technique field, particularly electric automobile gear-box and clutch linkage control correlation technique.
Background technique
Automobile is the human indispensable traffic tool, but oil crisis and pollution of atmosphere force people that electric vehicle is dropped into huge fund and study.Alleviate human to oil dependence and to the pollution of environment.
Conventional electric vehicle has direct current and exchanges two kinds of patterns, dc controlled system and AC frequency conversion system are the basic structure of control electric automobile during traveling speed, though this electric control system can be regulated the rotating speed of motor, thereby the control speed of a motor vehicle, but can't change different road conditions and the different transmission torsion that requires.Present electric vehicle is mostly with the mechanical transmission of fixed number ratio, and this mode can only be travelled on smooth road surface reluctantly.The electric vehicle that also has is simply taken away the motor of gas combustion automobile, change motor and just become electric vehicle, (it is that very big difference is arranged that motor and motor are fastened in the pass of power output/rated speed) so, the perfect frame of gas combustion automobile is not suitable electric vehicle.Electric vehicle has the problem of an essence to be exactly: travelling speed and grade ability are the contradiction of a maximum.
Mechanical transmission, on the one hand be motive efficient how, another importance is the internal resistance on the drive mechanism, automobile engine power is big, reflection is not clearly aspect internal resistance, but having only on several kilowatts the electric vehicle, several internal resistance structures bigger than normal, just can significantly embody, made originally much to consume in internal resistance with regard to limited vehicular energy, ratio is counted in irrational transmission during different road conditions, uncomfortable appropriate to the occasion big electric current output can occur, make the too much unreasonable consumption of the energy content of battery, reduce mileage.Poor efficiency, high flow rate, uncomfortable appropriate to the occasion big electric current output is the ubiquitous problem of present electric vehicle.
Motor in the electric vehicle is a power source, the selected output (rotating speed and electric current) naturally that should design when F-Zero of motor power (output), and this numerical value adapts on the electric vehicle maximum travel speed, but this value and be not suitable for the electric vehicle starting and climb.So (it is two grades of gearboxes of electric vehicle special use that another patent is arranged in my vehicle electric system, electric vehicle is under the good load all the time works).
In gas combustion automobile speed change miscellaneous was passed on Gong method, manual shift was an internal resistance minimum in the mechanical transmission, most effective method, but also operate the most complicated, labor intensity is maximum.Though the gas combustion automobile structure has the hydraulic automatic gearbox, never be suitable for electric vehicle structure.
Gear graduation is single, the most widely used method of tube in the gearbox, and power source and wheel transmission are broken away from, and eliminates flank of tooth pressure, could shift gears then.So, the clutch setting that is absolutely necessary.But the modern operating method of using very uncomfortable clutch of crowd and gearshift to cooperate on a large scale, it is single that electric vehicle operates tube for people's consciousness exactly, open the notion that key is just walked, be difficult to allow people to drive gas combustion automobile go like that to operate have only several kw of power, but the electric vehicle of speed change lever and clutch operating is housed.
Some country of west widelys popularize electric steam-operating car, statutory regulation for environmental protection: full children and the old man below 60 years old more than 14 years old can exempt to list, exempt from driving license driving low speed electric vehicle.What these crowds needed is the electric vehicle of intelligent type tube single operation pattern, rather than complicated driving requirement.
Technology contents
The present invention seeks at the deficiency on the above existing electric vehicle engineering, design a kind of structure tube list, cost is low, and is easy to use.The driving of existing automatic transmission case is comfortable, the operation tube is single, have again manual transmission safe, reliable, cost is low, mechanical efficiency is high, use the automatic control gear shifting device of electric car of economic dispatch advantage.
Order of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions; A kind of automatic control gear shifting device of electric car comprises body, and is located at clutch linkage group and gearbox linkage groups in the body; But the clutch linkage group comprises the clutch pull rod cam arm, can make the clutch pull rod cam arm do the clutch linkage group cam of displacement motion and the clutch pull rod that is mated and with the complete all small gears of active of clutch linkage group cam coaxial rotation; The gearbox linkage groups comprises driven half cycle gearwheel and the speed changer pull bar that is mated; Clutch linkage group cam joins by driving shaft and the extra-organismal control motor reduction gearbox output shaft by the body location, one end of clutch pull rod cam arm is connected with body by the cam arm positioning shaft, the other end of clutch pull rod cam arm joins by an end of cam arm coupling shaft and clutch pull rod, another termination clutch arm of clutch pull rod; The driven half cycle gearwheel of gearbox linkage groups, by being located at the half cycle gearwheel positioning shaft location on the body, end by speed changer pull bar positioning shaft and speed changer pull bar on the limit of driven half cycle gearwheel joins, the speed change lever of another termination electric automobile gear-box of speed changer pull bar, the half cycle gearwheel is meshed with the complete all small gears of the active on being located at driving shaft, and the half cycle gearwheel is 2 with the gear ratio of the complete all small gears of active: 1.
Described automatic control gear shifting device of electric car, but the track that its clutch linkage group cam makes the clutch pull rod cam arm do the displacement motion is, when the control motor action, at first clutch enters quick segregation section, be that clutch is by being attached to quick separation, the angle of this stage clutch linkage group cam rotation is less than 20 °, and this stage clutch linkage group cam promotes the clutch pull rod cam arm, by clutch pull rod clutch is finished from touching quick separation; Be that to separate the angle that the court of a feudal ruler period should stage clutch linkage group cam rotation be 7 ° then--185 °, this stage clutch linkage group cam makes clutch be in separated state by clutch pull rod cam arm, clutch pull rod; Be that clutch enters adapter section at a slow speed at last, be that clutch is by being separated to slow combination, the angle of this stage clutch linkage group cam rotation is 185 °--300 °, this stage clutch linkage group cam slowly loosens the clutch pull rod cam arm, the clutch pull rod cam arm is drawn close to the driving shaft direction gradually, reaches the complete combination of clutch at last, by clutch pull rod clutch is finished from being separated to slow combination; Control motor may command clutch linkage group afterwards, repeat above-mentioned action.
Described automatic control gear shifting device of electric car, set speed changer pull bar positioning shaft on the driven half cycle gearwheel of its gearbox linkage groups, the axle point is positioned at driven half cycle gearwheel central cross line horizontal line, the i.e. top of 0 ° of line, when being 10 °-15 ° with central cross line horizontal line angulation α 1 and axle point be positioned at the below of driven half cycle gearwheel central cross line horizontal line, when being 10 °-15 ° with central cross line horizontal line angulation α 2, the pull bar positioning shaft just up and down with the equivalent running of driven half cycle gearwheel, and this moment speed changer pull bar and electric automobile gear-box the end that joins of speed change lever, make the speed change lever of electric automobile gear-box not produce to move and do; When driven half cycle gearwheel was rotated further, angle of rotation changed, and an end that joins with the speed change lever of electric automobile gear-box begins to produce laterally and moves, and the clutch of this moment enters complete separated state the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and at this moment, change gear begins mobile gear shift; When driven half cycle gearwheel is rotated further 165 °-170 °, gear shift finishes, be that electric automobile gear-box is changed to 2 retainings by 1 retaining, this moment, the clutch linkage group arrived the clutch adapter section the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, clutch is from finishing from beginning to be attached to thorough combination, this moment, the cam main shaft was finished the one-period running, and control motor and driving shaft shut down; In like manner, when the clutch linkage group begins to move once more, set speed changer pull bar positioning shaft on the driven half cycle gearwheel of described gearbox linkage groups, the axle point is positioned at the position of 180 ° of driven half cycle gearwheel central cross line horizontal lines, the axle point is positioned at the position of 180 ° of driven half cycle gearwheel central cross line horizontal lines, axle point with central cross line horizontal line below angulation α 3 when being 10 °-15 ° and the axle point be positioned at driven half cycle gearwheel central cross line horizontal line above, when being 10 °-15 ° with central cross line horizontal line angulation α 4, the pull bar positioning shaft just up and down with the equivalent running of driven half cycle gearwheel, and this moment speed changer pull bar and electric automobile gear-box the end that joins of speed change lever, make the speed change lever of electric automobile gear-box not produce to move and do; When driven half cycle gearwheel was rotated further, angle of rotation changed, and an end that joins with the speed change lever of electric automobile gear-box begins to produce laterally and moves, and the clutch of this moment enters complete separated state the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and at this moment, change gear begins mobile gear shift; When driven half cycle gearwheel was rotated further 345 °-350 °, gear shift finished, and promptly electric automobile gear-box is changed to 1 retaining by 2 retainings, and this moment, the clutch linkage group arrived the clutch adapter section the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.
Described automatic control gear shifting device of electric car is characterized in that, described clutch linkage group and the gearbox linkage groups of being located in the body except that an end of clutch pull rod and speed changer pull bar, all covered by machine body cover.
The present invention is with the different of prior art: structure tube list, and cost is low, and is easy to use; The driving of existing automatic transmission case is comfortable, the operation tube is single, have again manual transmission safe, reliable, cost is low, mechanical efficiency is high, use economic advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a use principle schematic perspective view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an internal structure schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an internal structure motion state schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 moves the capable schematic representation of a contour for clutch of the present invention.
Mode of execution
Design proposal of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, automatic control gear shifting device of electric car, it comprises body 1, and clutch linkage group 2 and the gearbox linkage groups 3. clutch linkage groups 1 be located in the body 1 comprise clutch pull rod cam arm 21, but can make this clutch pull rod cam arm 21 do the clutch linkage group cam 20 of displacement motion and the clutch pull rod 24 that is mated and complete all small gears 25 initiatively.Gearbox linkage groups 3 comprises driven half cycle gearwheel 30 and the speed changer pull bar 31 that is mated.Clutch linkage group cam 20 is by being joined by the driving shaft 26 of body location and the output shaft of extra-organismal control motor and speed reducer group 4.One end 210 of clutch pull rod cam arm 21 matches by the cam arm positioning shaft of being located on the body 1 22; The other end 211 of clutch pull rod cam arm 21 joins by the end 240 of cam arm coupling shaft 23 with clutch pull rod 24; The other end 241 of clutch pull rod 24 connects clutch arm.The driven half cycle gearwheel 30 of gearbox linkage groups 3 is by being located at half cycle gearwheel positioning shaft 33 location on the body.Join by the end 310 of speed changer pull bar positioning shaft 32 with speed changer pull bar 31 on the limit of driven half cycle gearwheel 30, the other end 311 of speed changer pull bar 31 connects the speed change lever of electric automobile gear-box.Half cycle gearwheel 30 is meshed with the complete all small gears 25 of the active on being located at driving shaft 26, and half cycle gearwheel 30 is 2: 1 with the gear ratio of the complete all small gears 25 of active.
Control motor and speed reducer group 4 are by the dress train of reduction gears on the control electric machine main shaft, reaching actual gear replacing after the deceleration requires after the speed, output shaft and driving shaft 26 by the afterbody gear join, be installed with clutch linkage group cam 20 on driving shaft 26, clutch linkage group cam 20 is critical pieces of solenoidoperated cluthes pull bar cam arm 21; Clutch linkage group cam 20 whenever turns around and is one-period, will finish the quick separation of clutch in one-period, reach a series of programs that are attached to complete combination gradually when separating the court of a feudal ruler.Cam whenever turns around 360 ° can stop (by electrical equipment control) automatically.Above clutch linkage group cam 20, be coaxially installed with initiatively complete all small gears 25, when driving shaft 26 rotates, clutch linkage group cam 20 and complete all small gear 25 coaxial rotation of active.
Be engaged with driven half cycle gearwheel 30 with the complete all small gears 25 of active, the number of teeth of driven half cycle gearwheel 30 is times of the complete all small gears 25 of active, so when initiatively complete all small gears 25 rotated a week, driven half cycle gearwheel just rotated half-turn, promptly 180 °.In the half cycle of 180 ° of rotations, 310 ends of speed changer pull bar 31, promptly speed changer pull bar positioning shaft 32 arrives the B point by the A point, finishes by bottom gear and changes top gear into.When clutch linkage group cam 20 rotated a week again, driven half cycle gearwheel 30 rotated half-turn again, and this moment, speed changer pull bar positioning shaft 32 returned the A point by the B point, was promptly returned again by top gear and changed bottom gear into, thereby reach the gear shift effect.
When initiatively complete all small gears 25 rotate, driven half cycle gearwheel 30 also can rotate, but on the cooperation operative relation according to clutch and speed change gear, when clutch when still separate fully at the end, the shift gear is not fill (technical requirements of gearbox system) of being permitted to carry out mobile gear shift, only separate back (actuator and wheel are thrown off the back fully) fully at clutch, the shift gear just can mobile gear shift.But driven half cycle gearwheel 30 and the complete all small gears 25 of active are to rotate synchronously, so, the design at first enters quick separated state (seeing 0 ° → 15 ° among Fig. 3) in the very first time of cam running, clutch is separated in the shortest time fast, is to separate the court of a feudal ruler period (seeing 15 ° → 19515 ° among Fig. 3) then.Be provided with speed changer pull bar positioning shaft 32 on synchronous operated driven half cycle gearwheel 30, axle point is positioned at the top of driven half cycle gearwheel 30 central cross line horizontal lines, and with central shaft shape at an angle alpha 1, its value is 10 °-15 °.Speed changer pull bar positioning shaft 32 is 10 ° of-15 ° of rotations to the angle [alpha] 2 of sense of rotation when driven half cycle gearwheel 30 rotates, when forwarding α 2 to by α 1, speed changer pull bar positioning shaft 32 just up and down with driven half cycle gearwheel 30 equivalent runnings, and for same speed changer pull bar 31 the other ends 311, in the technical requirements scope of speed change system, the axle point of pull bar positioning shaft 32 does not almost produce move left and right, meets the technical requirements of speed change system.
When driven half cycle gearwheel 30 was rotated further, angle of rotation changed, and speed changer pull bar 31 morals 311 end points that connect gearbox begin to produce laterally and move, and the clutch of this moment enters complete separated state the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.At this moment, change gear begins mobile gear shift.When driven half cycle gearwheel 30 was rotated further about 165 °-170 ° of angle, gear shift finished.This moment, cam arrived clutch adapter section (195 ° → 0 ° position) the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and clutch begins in conjunction with also thoroughly combination.The driving shaft 26 of clutch linkage group cam 20 is finished the one-period running at this moment, and control motor and speed reducer group 4 shut down.
Working principle of the present invention is:
After the control motor was received instruction (trigger signal), the control motor began to rotate, and drives reduction gearing, reaches actual gearshift after the deceleration and requires speed (about 70-85 rev/min), and the output terminal of control motor and speed reducer group 4 contacts with driving shaft 26.Method with key or floral axis key on the driving shaft 26 is fixed with clutch linkage group cam 20 and the complete all small gears 25 of active.
When driving shaft 26 rotates, drive clutch linkage group cam 20 and the complete all small gears 25 of active rotate together, clutch linkage group cam 20 whenever turns around and is one-period, when whenever turning around, driving shaft 26 is under controls such as limit switch, (or photoelectric control or the control of dried spring), and revolution can stop after the moving week automatically.
Under the situation of rotating a week, clutch linkage group cam 20 promotes 21 motions of control clutch pull rod cam arm.Pass through cam arm coupling shaft 23 with 211 ends of clutch pull rod cam arm 21, be connected with clutch pull rod 24; The connection joint of flexible rotation is equipped with in two terminations of clutch pull rod 24.241 ends of clutch pull rod 24 connect the clutch on the electric vehicle, along with one week of rotation of cam 20, promptly 360 °, with the quick segregation section of finishing clutch with separate the court of a feudal ruler period, adapter section is to a series of programs of complete adapter section gradually, and it is 360 ° that clutch linkage group cam 20 whenever turns around.
Fixedly mounted a complete all small gear 25 of active on driving shaft 26, clutch linkage group cam and the complete all small gears 25 of active rotate together with driving shaft 26.
In a side of complete all small gears 25 initiatively, a driven half cycle gearwheel 30 has been installed, both runnings that are meshing with each other.
The number of teeth of driven half cycle gearwheel 30 is times of the complete all small gears 25 of active, so when initiatively complete all small gears 25 rotate a week (360 °), driven half cycle gearwheel 30 just rotates half-turn (180 °).
In the half cycle of 180 ° of rotations, the axle of pull bar positioning shaft 32 arrives B point (changing top gear into by bottom gear) by the A point.
When the control motor is received instruction again (sending a trigger signal), the control motor begins to rotate, cam 20 restarts to rotate, the another cycle begins, cam 20 rotates a week again, cam promotes to control clutch pull rod cam arm 21 again, finish again clutch quick segregation section, separate the court of a feudal ruler period and be attached to a series of programs of complete adapter section gradually.Different is: last one-period is that the axle of speed changer pull bar 31 arrives B point, (changing top gear into by bottom gear) by the A point.And being the B point, this one-period returns A point (return change bottom gear into by top gear).In other words:
By the rotation in 21 each week of control clutch pull rod cam arm of cam 20 control, the effect that becomes back and forth movement by circular movement all is the same, revolution move just can finish in a week clutch from, the overall process of closing.And by after complete all small gears 25 of the active of cam 20 coaxial rotation and 30 engagements of driven half cycle gearwheel, because the number of teeth of driven half cycle gearwheel 30 is one times of complete all small gear 25 numbers of teeth of active, so: when initiatively complete all small gears 25 rotated a week, driven half cycle gearwheel 30 just rotated half cycle.And the moving half cycle of driven half cycle gearwheel 30 revolutions will be finished the overall process by " bottom gear changes top gear into ", and the next half cycle that rotates can be finished, equally by the overall process of " top gear changes bottom gear into ".Can find out by the number of degrees frame bar signal of Fig. 3 cam 20, cam 20 rotates a week, the working procedure of clutch is: 0 ° → 15 ° sections are quick segregation section, 15 ° → 195 ° sections are thoroughly to separate and delay number, 195 ° → 270 ° are the gradual change adapter section, and 270 ° → 0 ° is complete adapter section.