CN101698913A - Method for preparing low-melting-point alloy-coated ceramic-phase reinforced body/aluminum-matrix composite materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material coated with a low-melting point alloy, which relates to a method for coating a ceramic phase reinforcement. The invention solves the problem of complex process of coating the surface of the reinforcing body by the sol-gel method. The method of the present invention is as follows: adding two or more of bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution to dilute nitric acid solution and ammonia solution are added dropwise to the reinforcement solution Medium to pH 6-14, then the reinforcement is made into a preform and kept at a temperature of 350°C to 1100°C to obtain a ceramic phase reinforcement coated with metal oxide, and then the composite material is prepared by squeeze casting . The method of the invention has simple process, shortens the production cycle of the composite material, and the damping value of the aluminum-based composite material obtained by applying the invention is 0.016-0.018 under the conditions of a temperature of 25 DEG C and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Description

Preparation method of ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material coated with low melting point alloy

technical field

The invention relates to a preparation process of a high-damping aluminum-based composite material.

Background technique

The interface is a unique and extremely important component of aluminum matrix composites. In the research of metal matrix composites, the interface between the reinforcement and the matrix has always been the focus of attention. After years of attempts, scientists from various countries have invented a variety of The method is to apply different coatings on the surface of the reinforcement to improve the interface structure of the metal matrix composite material, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of the aluminum matrix composite material. The process of coating the surface of the reinforcement with the sol-gel method is complicated, requiring two or more coatings and more than two sintering processes, which leads to a long production cycle of the composite material (about 7 days), In addition, the uniformity of the coating obtained by this method is poor, and it is not easy to obtain a low melting point alloy coating.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the complex process of coating the reinforcement surface by the sol-gel method, and to provide a method for preparing a low-melting point alloy-coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum-based composite material .

The preparation method of the low-melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum-based composite material of the present invention is as follows: 1. Add two or more of bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution into the dilute nitric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution with a pH value of 1 to 8; 2. Add the mixed solution obtained in step 1 and the ammonia solution to the aqueous solution of the reinforcement simultaneously at a stirring speed of 1r/min to 300r/min. When the pH value is 6-14, stop the dripping; 3. Make the reinforced body treated in step 2 into a preform, and then keep the preform at a temperature of 350°C-1100°C for 30min-120min to obtain the coated metal oxide 4. Put the metal oxide-coated ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then inject aluminum liquid into the mold, and then press it at a pressure of 80MPa to 200MPa and a temperature of 400°C to 550°C. ℃, extrusion speed of 0.1cm/s ~ 5cm/s under the conditions of extrusion casting for 15min, that is, the low-melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material; step 1 reinforcement in the aqueous solution The concentration of the solution is 75g/L; the concentration of bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution described in step 1 is 0.00001mol/L～5mol/L; the concentration of ammonia aqueous solution described in step 2 0.00001mol/L～0.5mol/L; the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed liquid described in step 1 is 0～60%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 0～70%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0～50% , the mass percentage of the Bi element is 0-60%, wherein the mass percentages of the Sn element, the Pb element, the In element and the Bi element are not 0 at the same time.

The coating process of the method of the present invention is simple, only one coating and one sintering process can be performed to obtain the ceramic phase reinforcement coated with metal oxide, and then the composite material is prepared by extrusion casting method, and the Obtain low-melting point alloys at the interface of low-melting point alloy-coated ceramic phase reinforcement/Al-matrix composites by in-situ reaction during casting, thus shortening the production cycle of low-melting point alloy-coated ceramic phase reinforcement/Al-matrix composites , the damping value of the aluminum-based composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in the present invention is 0.016-0.018 under the conditions of a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope photo of the obtained low-melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material in the second specific embodiment; Fig. 2 is the damping of the low melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforced body/aluminum matrix composite material obtained in the second specific embodiment Comparison of performance curves and damping performance curves of aluminum matrix composites prepared with uncoated reinforcements, -■- indicates the damping performance curves of aluminum matrix composites prepared with uncoated reinforcements, -●- indicates It is the damping performance curve of the obtained low-melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material in the second embodiment.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

Specific embodiment one: the preparation method of low-melting point alloy coating ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum-based composite material in this embodiment is as follows: 1. Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution Two or more kinds are added to the dilute nitric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution with a pH value of 1 to 8; 2. Add the mixed solution obtained in step 1 and the ammonia solution dropwise at the same time at a stirring speed of 1r/min to 300r/min Into the aqueous solution of the reinforcement until the pH value is 6-14, stop dropping; 3. Make the reinforcement treated in step 2 into a preform, and then keep the preform at a temperature of 350°C-1100°C for 30min-120min, That is, the ceramic phase reinforcement coated with metal oxide is obtained; 4. Put the ceramic phase reinforcement coated with metal oxide obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then inject aluminum liquid into the mold, and then press it under a pressure of 80MPa～200MPa , Squeeze casting for 15 minutes at a temperature of 400°C to 550°C and an extrusion speed of 0.1cm/s to 5cm/s to obtain a low melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material; as described in step 1 The concentration of the reinforcing body in the aqueous solution of the reinforcing body is 75g/L; the concentrations of the bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, the lead nitrate aqueous solution, the indium chloride aqueous solution and the tin chloride aqueous solution described in step 1 are all 0.00001mol/L～5mol/L; step The concentration of the ammonia solution described in the second step is 0.00001mol/L～0.5mol/L; the mass percentage of the Sn element in the mixed solution described in the step 1 is 0～60%, the mass percentage of the Pb element is 0～70%, and the mass percentage of the In element The mass percentage is 0-50%, and the mass percentage of the Bi element is 0-60%, wherein the mass percentages of the Sn element, the Pb element, the In element and the Bi element are not 0 at the same time.

The reinforcement described in the second step of this embodiment is aluminum borate whisker, magnesium borate whisker, silicon carbide whisker or silicon carbide particles.

The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy-coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum-based composite material in this embodiment uses a press to infiltrate the aluminum into the preform processed in step 3 (at this time, the aluminum will mix with the surface of the reinforcement coated on the surface of the reinforcement) The oxide reacts in situ to obtain a low-melting point alloy at the interface of the composite).

The damping value of the low-melting-point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 under the conditions of a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment two: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one is that the preparation method of low-melting point alloy coating ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material is as follows: 1. Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution are added to dilute nitric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution with a pH value of 6; 2. Add the mixed solution and ammonia solution obtained in step 1 dropwise to the aqueous solution of the reinforcement until the pH value is 10, and the added solution Stir at a speed of 200r/min during the process; 3. Make the reinforced body treated in step 2 into a prefabricated part, and then keep the prefabricated part at a temperature of 1000°C for 100 minutes to obtain a ceramic phase reinforced body coated with metal oxide; 4. Put the metal oxide-coated ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then inject aluminum liquid into the mold, and then press at a pressure of 80MPa to 200MPa, a temperature of 400°C to 550°C, and an extrusion speed of Squeeze casting for 15 minutes under the condition of 0.1cm/s～5cm/s to obtain a low-melting point alloy-coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material; the concentration of the reinforcement in the aqueous solution of the reinforcement described in step 1 is 75g/L The concentration of bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution described in step one is 3mol/L; The concentration of ammonia solution described in step two is 0.4mol/L; The mixed solution described in step one The mass percentage of Sn element in the medium is 12%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 18%, the mass percentage of In element is 21%, and the mass percentage of Bi element is 49%.

From Fig. 1 (the scanning electron microscope photograph of the low-melting-point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum-based composite material obtained in this embodiment), it can be seen that the reinforcement surface in the low-melting-point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum-based composite material Uniformly coated with nano-sized particles.

Under the conditions of a temperature of 25°C and a frequency of 70 Hz, the low melting point alloy obtained in this embodiment is coated with a ceramic phase reinforcement/aluminum matrix composite material and an aluminum matrix composite material prepared with an uncoated reinforcement body is subjected to a damping performance test. The test results are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from Figure 2 that under the condition of small strain, the damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the uncoated reinforcement is 0.003, and the low-melting point alloy coated ceramic phase reinforced by this embodiment The damping value of the bulk/Al matrix composite is 0.017.

Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 5 in Step 1. Others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment four: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments one to three is that the concentration of bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution described in step one is 0.1mol/L～4.5mol/L L. Others are the same as the specific embodiments 1 to 3.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 3 in that the concentrations of bismuth nitrate aqueous solution, lead nitrate aqueous solution, indium chloride aqueous solution and tin chloride aqueous solution described in step 1 are 2 mol/L. Others are the same as the specific embodiments 1 to 3.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 6: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 4 in that the concentration of the ammonia solution in step 2 is 0.1 mol/L˜0.4 mol/L. Others are the same as the specific embodiments 1 to 4.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 4 in that the concentration of the ammonia solution in step 2 is 0.3 mol/L. Others are the same as the specific embodiments 1 to 4.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed liquid described in step 2 is 12%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 18%, and the mass percentage of In element is 21%. , the mass percentage of Bi element is 49%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment nine: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments one to six is that the mass percentage of the Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 20%, the mass percentage of the Pb element is 30%, and the mass percentage of the In element is 0% , the mass percentage of Bi element is 50%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 10: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed liquid described in step 2 is 60%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 0%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0%. , the mass percentage of Bi element is 40%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 11: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 25%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 25%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 50%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 12: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 15.5%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 32%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 52.5%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment thirteen: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed liquid described in step 2 is 40%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 20%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0 %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 40%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 14: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 17.8%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 32%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 50.2%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 15: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 10%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 40%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 50%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 16: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 22%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 28%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 50%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific Embodiment 17: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 14.5%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 28.5%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 57%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 18: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 20%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 40%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0. %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 40%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific Embodiment Nineteen: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 33.5%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 33.5%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0 %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 33%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment 20: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 29.5%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 47%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0 %, the mass percentage of Bi element is 23.5%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment 21: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of the Sn element in the mixed solution described in step 2 is 22%, the mass percentage of the Pb element is 51%, and the mass percentage of the In element is 0%, and the mass percentage of Bi element is 27%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment 22: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of the Sn element in the mixed liquid in step 2 is 33%, the mass percentage of the Pb element is 40%, and the mass percentage of the In element is 0%, and the mass percentage of Bi element is 27%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment 23: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed liquid in step 2 is 25%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 60%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0%, and the mass percentage of Bi element is 15%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 24: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed solution in step 2 is 0%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 50%, and the mass percentage of In element is 50%, and the mass percentage of Bi element is 0%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 25: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the mass percentage of Sn element in the mixed liquid in step 2 is 22%, the mass percentage of Pb element is 66%, and the mass percentage of In element is 0%, and the mass percentage of Bi element is 12%. Others are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 6.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 26: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 3-7 in step 1. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific Embodiment 27: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 1 is that stirring is performed at a speed of 20 r/min to 280 r/min during the dropwise addition described in step 2. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Embodiment 28: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that stirring is performed at a speed of 100 r/min to 200 r/min during the dropwise addition described in step 2. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific embodiment 29: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 1 in that it is stirred at a speed of 150 r/min during the dropwise addition described in step 2. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Specific Embodiment Thirty: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 1 is that stirring is performed at a speed of 100 r/min to 200 r/min during the dropwise addition described in step 2. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

The damping value of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by using the ceramic phase reinforcement obtained in this embodiment is 0.016-0.018 at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 70 Hz.

Claims (10)

1. the low melting point alloy coated ceramic strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, it is as follows to it is characterized in that the low melting point alloy coated ceramic strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually: one, in the Bismuth trinitrate aqueous solution, the lead nitrate aqueous solution, the indium chloride aqueous solution and the tin chloride aqueous solution two or more added in the dilute nitric acid solution, obtain the pH value and be 1～8 mixed solution; Two, under the stirring velocity of 1r/min～300r/min, step 1 gained mixed solution and ammonia soln be added drop-wise to simultaneously in the aqueous solution that strengthens body to pH value be 6～14, stop dropping; Three, will become prefabricated component through the enhancing system that step 2 is handled, and then prefabricated component will be incubated 30min～120min under 350 ℃～1100 ℃ temperature, the ceramic phase that promptly obtains coated metal oxide strengthens body; Four, the ceramic phase of the coated metal oxide that step 3 is obtained enhancing body is put into mould, in mould, inject aluminium liquid then, be that 80MPa～200MPa, temperature are that 400 ℃～550 ℃, extrusion speed are extrusion casting 15min under the condition of 0.1cm/s～5cm/s at pressure again, promptly get the low melting point alloy coated ceramic and strengthen body/aluminum matrix composite mutually; The concentration that strengthens body in the aqueous solution of the described enhancing body of step 1 is 75g/L; The concentration of the aqueous solution of Bismuth trinitrate described in the step 1, the lead nitrate aqueous solution, the indium chloride aqueous solution and the tin chloride aqueous solution is 0.00001mol/L～5mol/L; The concentration of the described ammonia soln of step 2 is 0.00001mol/L～0.5mol/L; The mass percent of Sn element is 0～60% in the described mixed solution of step 1, the mass percent of Pb element is 0～70%, the mass percent of In element is 0～50%, the mass percent of Bi element is 0～60%, and wherein the mass percent of Sn element, Pb element, In element and Bi element is not 0 simultaneously.

2. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 1 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, it is characterized in that the described enhancing body of step 2 is aluminium borate whisker, magnesium borate crystal whisker, silicon carbide whisker or silicon-carbide particle.

3. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 1 and 2 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, and the pH value that it is characterized in that regulator solution in the step 1 is 5.

4. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 3 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, and the concentration that it is characterized in that the aqueous solution of Bismuth trinitrate described in the step 1, the lead nitrate aqueous solution, the indium chloride aqueous solution and the tin chloride aqueous solution is 0.1mol/L～4.5mol/L.

5. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 3 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, and the concentration that it is characterized in that the aqueous solution of Bismuth trinitrate described in the step 1, the lead nitrate aqueous solution, the indium chloride aqueous solution and the tin chloride aqueous solution is 2mol/L.

6. strengthen the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually according to claim 1,2 or 4 described low melting point alloy coated ceramic, the concentration that it is characterized in that the described ammonia soln of step 2 is 0.1mol/L～0.4mol/L.

7. strengthen the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually according to claim 1,2 or 4 described low melting point alloy coated ceramic, the concentration that it is characterized in that the described ammonia soln of step 2 is 0.3mol/L.

8. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 6 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, the mass percent that it is characterized in that Sn element in the described mixed solution of step 2 is 12%, the mass percent of Pb element is 18%, the mass percent of In element is 21%, and the mass percent of Bi element is 49%.

9. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 6 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, the mass percent that it is characterized in that Sn element in the described mixed solution of step 2 is 20%, the mass percent of Pb element is 30%, the mass percent of In element is 0%, and the mass percent of Bi element is 50%.

10. low melting point alloy coated ceramic according to claim 6 strengthens the preparation method of body/aluminum matrix composite mutually, the mass percent that it is characterized in that Sn element in the described mixed solution of step 2 is 60%, the mass percent of Pb element is 0%, the mass percent of In element is 0%, and the mass percent of Bi element is 40%.

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