CN101687164B - Reactor, gas lift pump for a reactor vessel, and also method for deactivating a reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor and a gas lift pump for said reactor. The reactor includes a reactor vessel supplied with a fluid containing a bed of particulate material therein. According to the invention, the reactor also comprises a gas lift pump arranged in the reactor vessel. The gas lift pump includes a vertical first tube (inner tube) having open lower and upper sides, and a gas port for blowing gas. The open underside of the first tube (inner tube) is located within the bed of granular material. The gas port is located on the lower side of the first tube (inner tube) so that the gas blown into the first tube (inner tube) reduces the density of the fluid. The gas lift pump also includes a second tube (outer tube) having an open lower side and an open upper side. The underside of the second tube (outer tube) coaxially surrounds the underside of the first tube (inner tube) to create a coaxial channel at this location.

Description

Reactor, gas lift pump for reactor vessel, and method for deactivating reactor

The invention relates to a reactor comprising:

· The reactor vessel is provided with a fluid comprising a bed of particles having a specific gravity ≥ 1.1 kg/dm ³ ; and

a gas lift pump arranged in said reactor vessel;

The gas lift pump includes:

a vertical first tube (inner tube) having an open upper side and an open lower end; and

A gas port for blowing a gas such as air;

The open lower end of said first tube (inner tube) is located within the bed of granular material;

The gas port is located at the lower end of the first tube (inner tube) so that when gas is blown, the gas blown into the first tube (inner tube) reduces the fluid density in the first tube (inner tube) .

Reactors of this type comprising gas lift pumps are known in practice. This type of gas lift pump usually consists of a tube with an open upper end and a lower end at which gas is supplied. The supplied gas reduces the density (or, so to speak, specific gravity) of the fluid in the tube. After all, due to the supply of gas, the fluid in the tube contains more gas than the fluid outside the tube. The difference in density inside and outside the tube results in an upwelling flow into the tube, also known as lift flow. The upflow also allows the transport of other particles drawn in at the bottom of the tube. This is a widely known phenomenon that is used in particular to: maintain sand layers while sand filters are moving; mix and/or agitate heavy particles in reactor vessels; aerate and/or mix aerobic and anaerobic reactors; etc. . However, gas lift pumps are not without their problems.

A known problem with gas lift pumps is that they are difficult to start due to the thicker layer of deposited particles near the lower end of the tube. This thicker layer of deposited particles hinders the suction of liquid because the liquid cannot sufficiently penetrate the thicker layer of deposited particles. The upwelling is then essentially determined by the amount of gas supplied, although this cannot or can only (due to the relatively low density of the gas compared to the particles) encourage the particles to move upwards. A known solution to this problem is to provide several holes in the tube. The purpose of the holes is to improve the suction of liquid, which is possible due to the short distance between the holes and the upper side of the particle layer. However, these holes have to be "digged" one by one. This "digging" occurs gradually as the particles are released from the holes and drawn away under the influence of the gas blown into the tube. Therefore, this "digging" is quite time-consuming. Furthermore, the progression of this "mining process" is often not optimal.

Another known problem occurring in gas lift pumps is that the pumps have difficulty lifting heavy particles, ie particles with a relatively high mass density, and are therefore less suitable or suitable for use in beds containing heavy particles.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved reactor of the type described at the outset, wherein the improved reactor allows a more efficient operation.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by providing a reactor comprising the following features:

· The reactor vessel is provided with a fluid comprising a bed of particles having a specific gravity ≥ 1.05 kg/dm ³ , and

a gas lift pump arranged in the reactor vessel;

The gas lift pump includes:

a vertical first tube (inner tube) having an open upper side and an open lower end, and

A gas port for blowing a gas such as air;

The open lower end of said first tube (inner tube) is located in the bed of granular material;

The air port is located at the lower end of the first tube (inner tube), so that when gas is blown in, the gas blown into the first tube (inner tube) makes the fluid in the first tube (inner tube) reduced density, the gas lift pump further comprising a second tube (outer tube) having an open lower end;

a bottom portion of said second tube (outer tube) concentrically surrounds a bottom portion of said first tube (inner tube) to form a coaxial channel around a bottom portion of said first tube (inner tube);

Viewed from the vertical direction, the upper side of the second tube is lower than the upper side of the first tube;

The upper side of the second tube (outer tube) is open and located below the level of fluid in the reactor; and

When the bed of granular material is at rest (i.e. when the gas supply is not operating), the upper side of the second tube (inner tube) is located above particles with a specific gravity ≥ 1.05 kg/ ^dm3 (in particular above granules containing granules with a specific gravity ≥ 1.1 kg/dm ³ , and more particularly above granules containing granules with a specific gravity ≥ 1.25 kg/dm 3 ).

Said first tube, which will also be called inner tube in this application, is first surrounded in its bottom part by a second tube, which will also be called outer tube in this application. The outer tube creates a coaxial space open below in the bottom portion of the inner tube. The upper side of the outer tube is open and is located below the level of the fluid in the reactor. Thus, the inner tube is able to draw fluids, in particular liquids, which may or may not be mixed with particles and/or gases, from the coaxial space.

During start-up of the reactor, at the beginning of start-up, the bed of particulate material generally forms a deposited, stationary layer of particles, the coaxial space allows a substantially unhindered supply of fluid to the bottom of the gas lift pump, Because the upper side of the second pipe (outer pipe) is still above the particle layer, or at least above the particles with a specific gravity ≥ 1.05 kg/dm ³ , especially in a layer containing a specific gravity ≥ 1.1 kg/dm ³ Above the particles of the particles, more particularly above the particles containing particles with a specific gravity ≥ 1.25 kg/dm ³ . When at rest, lighter particles can be expected from the particles located above the upper side of the second tube (outer tube). Lighter particles of this type hinder the supply of fluid to the bottom of the gas lift pump to a relatively low degree. The liquid drawn into the bottom of the inner tube draws away the particles at the bottom of the outer tube because the bottom of the gas lift pump is hollowed out. This allows for faster and more reliable reactor start-up. (It should be noted that the upper side of the second tube (outer tube) may also be located above the particle bed when the reactor is at rest and during operation.)

It should be noted that in the case of gas-lifted sludge bed reactors, the bed is usually initially entirely composed of particles having a relatively high specific gravity (e.g. specific gravity > 1.5 kg) such as lignite particles, anthracite particles, pumice particles, etc. /dm ³ particles) composition. For a 10 meter high reactor, the bed initially has a height of eg 80 cm. During use of the reactor, biomass will (can) deposit on these particles. The consequence is that when the gas supply is turned off, the height of the bed will increase, for example to 1.5 meters or more, and the specific gravity of the particles (comprising the biomass) will decrease. These particles containing biomass at the top of the bed may then have a specific gravity of less than 1.25 kg/dm ³ or even less than 1.05 kg/dm ³ . According to the invention, when the gas supply is turned off, in this case these lighter particles are themselves located above the upper side of said second tube (outer tube).

However, once it has started, even if there are no digging problems during start-up, the invention offers major advantages during normal operation.

Since the inner tube can easily draw liquid, which may or may not be mixed with particles, through the coaxial space, the gas lift pump is able to deliver larger and/or higher turbulent volume flow. This provides several advantages during normal work. The gas lift pump:

Ability to produce higher yields;

Ability to transport particles with higher mass density upwards; and

• The transported particles can be moved more strongly during the upward transport; this is advantageous for the purification of the particles or the mixing of the particles.

The reactor vessel thus contains a bed of particulate material. Depending on the gas output of the gas lift pump and on the type of bed and particles, these particles will in this case be not suspended or barely suspended or suspended to a greater or lesser extent. In the case of suspension, depending on whether the particles are largely suspended or not, the upper side of the bed will be at a higher level during operation of the reactor. When the reactor is deactivated, these suspended particles will subsequently settle to form a deposited, stationary particle layer. If the particles are not or barely suspended during operation, as is the case with many sand filters, then during operation of the reactor and when the reactor is deactivated, the upper side of the bed will be substantially at the same height. In both cases, the upper side of the outer tube protrudes from the bed when the reactor is not in operation. If these particles are not or barely suspended, then during operation of the reactor, almost by definition, the upper side of the outer tube will also protrude from the bed. In case of suspension, whether the upper side of the outer tube also protrudes above the fluidized bed during operation of the reactor will depend on the extent to which the outer tube protrudes above the static bed. In the latter case, it is possible that the upper side of the outer tube is located in the fluidized bed during operation of the reactor and that the upper side is located above the (liquefied) bed during operation of the reactor of.

Due to the coaxial arrangement of the outer tube around the bottom portion of the inner tube, particles located at the bottom of the gas lift pump are uniformly drawn in near the bottom of the gas lift pump. In this regard, the outer tube need not coaxially surround the inner tube over its entire length, or at least the open upper side of the outer tube does not have to extend coaxially around the inner tube. However, due to design considerations, the outer tube preferably extends coaxially around the inner tube over its entire length.

According to the present invention, in order to effectively draw the particles into the inner tube due to the effect of upward lift flow, if the lower end of the opening of the first tube (inner tube) is lower than the second The open lower end of the tube (outer tube) is then advantageous. At the bottom of the inner tube, the liquid drawn from the outer tube due to the upwelling will then transport particles more efficiently because the outer tube does not completely cover the inner tube when viewed horizontally. The lower end instead leaves it partially exposed.

According to the invention, in order to ensure, especially during start-up as well as during normal operation, that fluid, in particular liquid, is effectively drawn in through said second pipe (outer pipe), it is advantageous to apply the following relationship: 0.1(D-d)≦Z≦0.4 (D-d), where d is the diameter of the lower end of the opening of the first tube (inner tube), D is the diameter of the lower end of the opening of the second tube (outer tube), and Z is the diameter viewed from the vertical direction The distance between the open lower end of the first tube (inner tube) and the open lower end of the second tube (outer tube). In particular, it is advantageous in this case if the value of Z is approximately 0.2(D-d).

According to the invention, in order to ensure that a sufficient yield of fluid, especially liquid, can be drawn through said outer tube, it is advantageous to apply the following relationship: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D, where d is said first tube (inner tube) The diameter of the lower end of the opening, D is the diameter of the lower end of the opening of the second tube (outer tube). In particular, it is advantageous in this case if the value of d is approximately 0.6D.

According to the present invention, if the gas port is arranged under the lower end of the first tube (inner tube) and directed to the inside of the first tube (inner tube), so as to direct all the gas drawn in during operation to the It is then advantageous to mention the first tube (inner tube). This allows to force a certain resuspension of the particles at the bottom of the gas lift pump as soon as the gas flow is activated during start-up of the reactor. It is also ensured that the gas blown into the coaxial space does not generate any (undesired) lift flow.

According to the invention, in order to exclude any risk of (undesired) lift flow in the coaxial space, it is advantageous to arrange the gas opening in the first tube (inner tube). The air port will then be arranged inside the bottom part of the first tube (inner tube).

According to the invention, if in the wall of the first tube (inner tube), at a certain distance above the lower end of the second tube (outer tube), the coaxial channel and the first tube If one or more holes create a fluid connection between the interiors of the (inner tube), the excavation during start-up of the reactor can be further improved. Through these holes it is possible to draw fluid, in particular liquid, from said coaxial channel right from the start. In addition, these holes help to increase the upward transport capability during normal operation separate from the start-up phase, allowing higher mass density particles to be transported more easily upward through the inner tube.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, these particles include one or more of the following particles:

Filter sand such as pomegranate sand and/or quartz sand;

· Basalt;

Granular activated carbon;

• Biomass on a support or not on a support;

·Crystal;

Minerals;

·lignite;

·Pellets;

·pumice;

·anthracite;

·etc.

According to the invention, pomegranate sand may have a particle size from 0.6 to 3 mm, a specific gravity of approximately 4.1 kg/dm ³ and a storage volume of approximately 2.3 kg/dm ³ . According to the invention, the quartz sand may have a particle size from 0.6 to 3 mm, a specific gravity of approximately 2.5 to 2.6 kg/dm ³ and a storage volume of approximately 1.5 to 1.6 kg/dm ³ .

According to yet another embodiment, said fluid comprises water.

According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to a method for deactivating a reactor according to the invention, wherein, in the first step of maintaining the gas supply, the gas supply is first reduced to a level so that the particles hindering the supply of liquid through the bed along the lower end of the second tube (outer tube); and maintaining the gas supply at the level or at a lower level in the second step after the first step , until the particles located in the second tube (outer tube) are substantially released from the second tube (outer tube) to the first tube (inner tube) under the action of the gas; In a third step following the step, the gas supply is turned off.

Deactivating the reactor in this way ensures that during restarting of the reactor as few particles as possible are located in the outer tube, in particular in the coaxial channel at the bottom of the gas lift pump. This is achieved because during deactivation the gas supply is first reduced so that these particles settle to form a bed that essentially closes the bottom of the gas lift pump. This closure causes fluid to be drawn through the outer tube into the inner tube with still existing but not very strong lift flow. This in turn causes particles in the fluid located in the outer tube to be released in fluid circulation through the outer tube. Since in this case the upper part of the outer tube protrudes above the bed of particles, new particles drawn in with the fluid through the outer tube will be reduced and can be completely expelled.

In this case it is particularly advantageous if the second step is continued until said second tube (outer tube) and said first tube (inner tube) are substantially free of particles.

According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to a gas lift pump for a reactor vessel supplied with a fluid comprising a bed of particulate material, the gas lift pump comprising:

- a first tube (inner tube) positioned vertically in use and having an open upper side and an open lower end; and

- an air port for blowing a gas such as air;

The gas port is located at the lower end of the first tube (inner tube) so that when gas is blown, the gas blown into the first tube (inner tube) makes the density of the fluid in the first tube (inner tube) lowering, thereby creating an upward lift flow of fluid entering said first tube (inner tube);

The gas lift pump also includes a second tube having an open lower end;

Viewed from the vertical direction, the upper side of the second tube is lower than the upper side of the first tube;

the bottom portion of the second tube (outer tube) concentrically surrounds the bottom portion of the first tube (inner tube) to form a coaxial channel around the bottom portion of the first tube (inner tube); and

The upper part of the second tube (outer tube) is open so that at the upper part of the second tube (outer tube) fluid can be drawn by the suction force of the upward lift flow through the first tube (inner tube). pumped in.

Further embodiments of the gas lift pump are described in claims 17 to 24 . According to the third aspect of the invention, the advantages of the gas lift pump will become clear from the reactor according to the invention described above.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to embodiments schematically shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the first reactor at the beginning of the start-up phase according to the invention;

· Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view corresponding to the late start-up phase;

- Figure 3 is a corresponding view of the first reactor in its normal working phase;

- Figure 4 is a corresponding view of the first reactor in the deactivation phase; and

• Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view of the second reactor during normal operation according to the invention.

出售的称为空气提升反应器的激活(一旦气体供应终止)。第二种应用涉及气体提升泵工作期间的改进，由于该改进从而可以容易地将气体提升泵的原理应用于包括相对较重颗粒的床，例如在包括如石榴砂的砂床过滤器中。Two different applications of the invention will be described below. The first application (Figures 1-4) involves such as by the applicant under the trade name

Activation of what is sold as an air lift reactor (once the gas supply is terminated). The second application concerns improvements during the operation of gas lift pumps, thanks to which the principle of gas lift pumps can be easily applied to beds comprising relatively heavy particles, for example in sand bed filters comprising eg garnet sand.

According to the present invention, in Figures 1 to 4, reference numeral 10 denotes a first reactor. The reactor vessel contains a fluid, the upper surface of which, also referred to as the liquid level, is indicated at 18 . The fluid comprises a bed with particles 17, represented schematically by triangles. The upper side of the bed is indicated schematically at 19 . The first reactor is of the type in which the bed of particles is liquefied during operation. For example, a bed comprising biomass-bearing particles.

A gas lift pump is located in the reactor vessel 10 . The gas lift pump comprises an inner tube 11 and an outer tube 12 surrounding and coaxially placed with the inner tube. The inner tube 11 and the outer tube 12 together define a coaxial channel 21 . This coaxial channel 21 extends in particular along the bottom part of the inner tube 11 . Seen from the vertical direction, the lower end 15 of the outer tube 12 is higher than the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11 . A gas port 20, along which gas (air in this case) is blown, is located in the middle below the inner tube 11 . In the figures, bubbles are schematically represented by circles and indicated by reference numeral 16 .

Figure 1 shows that when the reactor is deactivated and the fluid is at rest, the bed of particulate material settles to form a relatively compact bed of particles. This settled, relatively dense bed of particles plugs the bottom of the gas lift pump. In this rest state, the upper end of the outer tube 12 protrudes from the upper side 19 of the bed. Then, gas such as air is blown in through the air port 20, and fluid, especially liquid, will be drawn into the coaxial channel through the upper end of the outer tube 12 so as to be drawn from the coaxial channel 21 by the lift flow generated inside the inner tube 11. The bottom is drawn into the inner tube 11. This happens only along the bottom of the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11 if there is no hole 13 in the side wall of the inner tube 11 . However, the provision of the holes 13 ensures that from the start the fluid can be drawn unhindered into the interior of the inner tube 11 through the holes 13 (see arrow α in FIG. 1 ) in an upward lift flow.

Over time, the gas lift pump will be completely hollowed out at the bottom so that fluid flow is also drawn in along the bottom through the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11 (see arrow β in FIG. 2 ).

Start-up continues further, and depending on the process operating in the reactor, the bed of particles will eventually become suspended to some extent. The upper side 19 of the bed then rises and can even rise above the lower end of the inner tube 11 and the outer tube 12 , depending in particular on the described process. This point is shown in Figure 3. In this state, the gas lift pump will also draw fluid, especially liquid, through the bed of particulate material (see arrow γ in Figure 3).

If the reactor then has to be deactivated, as schematically illustrated in Figure 4, the gas supply will first drop to a certain level so that the bed of granular material starts to thicken, wherein the upper side 19 of the bed will normally drop. The result of the thickening is that these particles clog the lower part of the gas lift pump, so it is still possible to draw in fluid only through the coaxial channel defined between the outer tube 12 and the inner tube 11, as indicated by arrows α and β in FIG. 4 schematically shown. Since in this case the gas supply is further maintained for a certain time and, if appropriate, also reduced at the same time, the coaxial channel 21 contains relatively few particles 17 . After all, particles located in the coaxial channel 21 will be drawn out of the coaxial channel 21 and discharged through the inner tube 11 . Thus, when the reactor is deactivated, the coaxial channels 21 are able to contain few particles. This allows fluid to be supplied to the inner tube 11 from the start through this coaxial channel unhindered upon restart.

To further illustrate the invention, the following dimensions are defined with reference to Figure 1 for use in constructing a gas lift pump according to the invention:

The diameter d (expressed in cm) of the inner tube is generally 2 to 100 cm;

The diameter D of the outer tube (expressed in cm) is generally d=0.6*D, distributed within the range of 0.5*D≤d≤0.7*D;

The distance X (expressed in cm) between the upper end of the inner tube and the upper end of the outer tube is X=3*(D-d), distributed in the range of 2*(D-d)≤X≤4*(D-d) ;

The distance Z (expressed in cm) between the lower end of the inner tube and the lower end of the outer tube is Z=0.2*(D-d), distributed within the range of 0.1*(D-d)≤Z≤0.4*(D-d) ;

· The distance Y (expressed in cm) between the lower end of the inner tube and the bottom of the reactor is Y=0.33*d, distributed within the range of 0.1*d≤Y≤0.5*D. This distance can optionally be made larger, although there is then a greater risk that sediment will remain at the bottom of the reactor.

Figure 5 shows a second reactor 30 according to the invention. This is a sand filter reactor. The sand may comprise any suitable filter sand, although in this case it especially comprises garnet sand such as garnet sand having a particle size from 0.6-3 mm, with a specific gravity of approximately 4.1 kg/ ^dm and a storage volume of approximately 2.3 kg /dm ³ . In the case of a sand filter reactor, the bed 31 is formed by a layer of sand, which may be several meters, for example 3 to 4 meters thick, and this bed forms the filter bed 31 . The liquid to be purified is usually provided in the filter bed and then flows upward through the filter bed for simultaneous filtration. Simultaneously, the filter bed itself moves downwards to extract dirty sand from the bed at the bottom of the filter bed to return clean sand to the bed and usually deposit the clean sand at the top of the bed. In this type of filter bed, little or no liquefaction occurs, so that the upper part 32 of the filter bed 31 is substantially always at the same level during operation of the reactor as well as when the reactor is not in use. The application of gas lift pumps to move the filter bed and to clean the sand particles is known in practice.

A gas lift pump of the present invention, such as that already discussed with reference to Figures 1-4, is ideal for this type of filter bed reactor (according to the present invention, the filter bed may also consist of materials other than sand). With respect to the reactor 30 of Figure 5, the same reference numerals as in Figures 1-4 are used for the gas lift pump. Furthermore, the air bubbles are also schematically indicated by circles 16 in this case. Sand particles are schematically represented by triangles 34 in FIG. 5 . In order to prevent sand particles from falling into the coaxial space 21 between the inner tube 11 and the outer tube 12 after leaving the upper end of the inner tube 11 , a cap 33 is provided below the upper end of the inner tube 11 but above the upper end of the outer tube 12 . However, no cap is also possible.

According to the present invention, the advantage of using the gas lift pump in a filter bed reactor, such as a sand filter bed reactor, in which no or a small amount of liquefaction occurs is that the gas lift pump can transfer upwards with relatively low pressure. Particles with high specific gravity have higher yield and improved cleaning characteristics. However, it should be clear that these advantages (upward transport of particles with higher specific gravity, high throughput, improved cleaning/mixing characteristics) can also be used advantageously during normal operation of other types of reactors, e.g. A reactor in which the bed undergoes a greater or lesser degree of liquefaction. Furthermore, it will also be clear that the use of the gas lift pump according to the invention leads to an improved start-up of filter bed reactors and other types of reactors.

Figures 1-5 show that the gas supply pipe 20 terminates at the bottom of the reactor, so that in this case the gas port from which the gas flows into the reactor is located in the bottom. However, it will be clear that the supply pipe 20 can also protrude out of the bottom of the reactor, even into the bottom of the inner pipe. In the latter case, this gas port will then be located inside the inner tube 11 . The gas port may be located, for example, within a range from 50 cm below the lower end 14 of the inner tube to approximately 50 cm above the lower end of the inner tube 11; In the range.

list of labels used

10 = first reactor;

11 = first tube/inner tube;

12 = second tube/outer tube;

13 = holes in the inner pipe wall;

14 = the lower end of the inner tube;

15=the lower end of the outer pipe;

16 = air bubbles;

17 = particles;

18 = upper surface of fluid face/liquid face;

19 = upper side of the bed;

20 = air port;

21 = coaxial channel;

30 = second reactor;

31 = bed/filter bed;

32 = the upper side of the bed 31;

33 = cap;

34 = sand particles;

α = fluid is drawn in through coaxial channel 21 and hole 13;

β = fluid is drawn through the coaxial channel 21 and along the bottom of the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11;

γ = draw fluid through the bed and along the bottom of the lower end 15 of the outer tube 12 and the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11;

The diameter (in cm) of d=inner pipe 11;

D = the diameter of the outer tube 12 (expressed in cm);

X=the vertical distance (expressed in cm) from the upper end of the outer tube 12 to the upper end of the inner tube 11;

Y = vertical distance between the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11 and the bottom of the reactor;

Z = vertical distance (expressed in cm) between the lower end 14 of the inner tube 11 and the lower end 15 of the outer tube 12 .

Claims (26)

1. a reactor (10,30) comprising:

Provide the reactor vessel of fluid, comprise having proportion 〉=1.05kg/dm in the described fluid ³The bed of particle (17,34); With

Be arranged in the gas-lift pump in the described reactor vessel;

Described gas-lift pump comprises:

Vertical first pipe (11) of lower end (14) with upside with opening of opening; With

Be used for being blown into the gas port (20) of gas (16);

The lower end (14) of the opening of described the first pipe (11) is positioned in the bed of particle (17,34) material;

Described gas port (20) is arranged on the bottom of described the first pipe (11), and when being blown into gas (16) with box lunch, the gas (16) that is blown into described the first pipe (11) causes the fluid density in described the first pipe (11) to reduce;

It is characterized in that:

Described gas-lift pump also comprises the second pipe (12) of the lower end (15) with opening; The base section of described the second pipe (12) with one heart around the base section of described the first pipe (11) to form the coaxial channel (21) around the base section of described the first pipe (11);

From vertical direction, the upside of described the second pipe (12) is lower than the upside of described the first pipe (11);

Described second the pipe (12) upside be fluid opening and that be arranged in described reactor horizontal plane below; With

When the bed of particle (17,34) material is in when static, the upside of described the second pipe (12) is positioned at proportion 〉=1.05kg/dm ³The top of particle (17,34),

Wherein, from vertical direction, the lower end (14) of the opening of described the first pipe (11) is lower than the lower end (15) of the opening of described the second pipe (12).

2. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, described gas is air.

3. reactor (10 according to claim 1,30), wherein, d is the diameter of the base section of described the first pipe (11), D is the diameter of base section of described the second pipe (12), and Z sees the distance between the lower end (15) of opening of the lower end (14) of opening of described the first pipe (11) and described the second pipe (12) and is suitable for following formula from vertical direction: 0.1 (D-d)≤Z≤0.4 (D-d).

4. reactor according to claim 3 (10,30), wherein, the value of Z is 0.2 (D-d).

5. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, d is the diameter of the base section of described the first pipe (11), D is the diameter of the base section of described the second pipe (12), and is applicable to following formula: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D.

6. reactor according to claim 5 (10,30), wherein, the value of d is 0.6D.

7. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, d is the diameter of the base section of described the first pipe (11), and is applicable to following relation: 2cm≤d≤100cm.

8. reactor (10 according to claim 1,30), wherein, described gas port (20) be arranged on described first the pipe (11) opening lower end (14) the below and point to described first the pipe (11) inside so that during operation all gases that are blown into (16) all be drawn towards described first the pipe (11).

9. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, described gas port is positioned at described the first pipe (11).

10. reactor (10 according to claim 1,30), wherein, in the wall of described the first pipe (11), in a distance, top of lower end (15) of described the second pipe (12), be provided with the one or more holes (13) that between the inside of described coaxial channel (21) and described the first pipe (11), produce the fluid connection.

11. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, described particle (17,34) comprises one or more in the following particle (17,34):

Filter sand;

Basalt;

Granule activated carbon;

Be positioned on the carrier or be not positioned at living beings on the carrier;

Crystal;

Mineral matter;

Brown coal;

Pellet;

Float stone;

Anthracite.

12. reactor according to claim 11 (10,30), wherein, described filter sand is pomegranate sand and/or quartz sand.

13. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, described fluid comprises water.

14. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, described bed is filter.

15. reactor according to claim 14 (10,30), wherein, described filter is sand filter.

16. reactor according to claim 1 (10,30), wherein, the length of described the second pipe (12) is so that its upside is positioned at the top of described bed in described reactor (10,30) operating period.

17. one kind makes such as each described reactor (10 in the claim 1 to 16,30) method of inactivation, wherein, in the first step that keeps the gas supply, at first described gas supply is decreased to certain level, so that described particle (17,34) hinders the supply of fluid by described bed along the lower end (15) of described the second pipe (12); In the second step after described first step, keep the gas supply of described level or the gas supply that keeps reduced levels, under the effect of described gas (16), substantially be discharged into described the first pipe (11) from described the second pipe (12) until be arranged in the particle (17,34) of described the second pipe (12); In the third step after described second step, close described gas supply.

18. method according to claim 17, wherein, described second step is proceeded until described the second pipe (12) and described the first pipe (11) do not contain particle (17,34) substantially.

19. a gas-lift pump that is used for providing the reactor vessel of fluid comprises the bed of granular materials in the described fluid, described gas-lift pump comprises:

-vertically place and have first pipe (11) of lower end (14) of upside and the opening of opening when using; With

-for the gas port (20) that is blown into gas (16);

Described gas port (20) be arranged on described first the pipe (11) below, so that during use when being blown into gas (16), the gas (16) that is blown into described the first pipe (11) reduces the fluid density in described the first pipe (11), upwards promotes stream thereby produce the fluid that enters described the first pipe (11);

It is characterized in that:

Described gas-lift pump also comprises the second pipe (12) of the lower end (15) with opening;

From vertical direction, the upside of described the second pipe (12) is lower than the upside of described the first pipe (11);

The base section of described the second pipe (12) with one heart around the base section of described the first pipe (11) to form the coaxial channel (21) around the base section of described the first pipe (11); With

The upside of described the second pipe (12) is opening, in order to can be drawn into owing to the suction that upwards promotes stream that flows to described the first pipe (11) at the upside place fluid of described the second pipe (12),

Wherein, from vertical direction, the lower end (14) of the opening of described the first pipe (11) is lower than the lower end (15) of the opening of described the second pipe (12).

20. gas-lift pump according to claim 19, wherein, described gas is air.

21. gas-lift pump according to claim 19, wherein, d is the diameter of the base section of described the first pipe (11), and D is the diameter of the base section of described the second pipe (12), and is applicable to following relation: 0.5D≤d≤0.7D.

22. gas-lift pump according to claim 21, wherein, the value apart from Z between the lower end of described inner tube and the lower end of described outer tube is 0.2 (D-d).

23. gas-lift pump according to claim 21, wherein, the value of d is 0.6D.

24. gas-lift pump according to claim 19, wherein, d is the diameter of the base section of described the first pipe (11), and is applicable to following relation: 2cm≤d≤100cm.

25. gas-lift pump according to claim 19, wherein, described gas port (20) be arranged on described first the pipe (11) opening lower end (14) the below and point to described first the pipe (11) inside so that during operation all gases that are blown into (16) all be drawn towards described first the pipe (11).

26. gas-lift pump according to claim 19, wherein, in the wall of described the first pipe (11), in a distance, top of lower end (15) of described the second pipe (12), be provided with the one or more holes (13) that between the inside of described coaxial channel (21) and described the first pipe (11), produce the fluid connection.

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