CN101680095A - 无铬黑色多层涂层 - Google Patents
无铬黑色多层涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明是有关于用于金属基板(1)或具有金属涂布(2)的基板的黑色多层涂层,以及有关于覆盖或部分覆盖有此样涂层的物体。黑色涂层包含黑色第一层(3),其大体上包含镍,以及第二聚合物硅酸盐无机层(4)。本发明可另外具有第三层,其大体上包含有机成分(5)。本发明提供了现今无法获得或现存技术中不足的特性。本发明提供具有经强化的抗腐蚀性的黏性黑色涂层,其厚度够细以允许在提供均匀黑色的同时可应用至结件,先前仅有利用六价或三价铬化成膜才能获得上述优点的结合。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关于在金属或导电基板表面上的多层抗腐蚀涂层系统及包含本发明的涂层系统的物体。本发明特别对汽车、家具、建造、电子装置领域以及其它领域中的结件、铰链、闩锁、铆钉及其它硬件有帮助。
背景技术
现今的技术领域中已有许多已知方法可用以产生具有黑色外观的物体。此类方法包含黑色有机涂布(organic coatings)、黑色磷酸盐化成皮膜(phosphate conversion coatings)、黑色氧化物化学处理、黑色六价及三价铬钝化成皮膜(chromium passivation conversion coatings)、黑色镍沉积涂布(deposition coatings)以及热处理。热处理可由暴露至气氛及熔融盐处理而达成,但具有以下缺点:其使用主要适于取得基板材料内的物理特性,但其抗腐蚀性通常不足且其可应用性系局限于特定金属合金。
若干种类的磷酸盐化成皮膜为可利用,然而基于锌、镁或锌镁或其变异的磷酸盐会产生具有较深颜色及较均匀外观的较厚的薄膜。此类成皮膜一般系为非金属且结晶性类型且已限制其抗腐蚀性,而无法应用于接续的抑制剂、油、蜡或聚合物涂层。
黑色铬酸盐化成皮膜,特别是六价铬类型的使用已被阻止,且于有些地方是完全被禁止。六价铬酸盐薄膜的另一缺点是当薄膜暴露至约摄氏75度以上的温度时其抗腐蚀性会显着下降。三价黑色铬酸盐化成皮膜的表现因此对某些应用而言过于不兼容且太昂贵。黑色氧化物处理及铬钝化处理可另外包含黑色染料的使用。黑色镍涂布对于装饰性应用而言系广为人知,但迄今一般并未用于需要抗腐蚀性的应用。
有机涂布可通过喷洒、沉浸(浸泡沥干(dip-drain)及浸泡旋转(dip-spin))以及涂刷的操作方式予以施行。沉浸涂布包含E-Coat操作(电解沉积(electrolytic deposition))以及自动沉积(autodeposition)操作(亦称为自泳(autophoretic),即催化性沉积涂布(catalytically deposited coatings))。喷洒操作包含粉末涂布,其为静电沉积,以及以压缩空气或其它推进物所推动的液体涂料。有机涂布是由利用数个技术而固化,上述数个技术包含由水或其它溶剂的蒸发而聚结(coalescence)、热固化、反应性固化(reactivecuring)(水气、紫外光/辐射、化学架桥剂等)。上述商业上可获得的黑色表面处理的最显着缺点在于除铬酸盐处理之外均提供低下的抗腐蚀性及过厚的聚合物层,或由于处理过程期间物体与物体间的接触而造成其外观不均匀。不均匀的外观例如于有机涂布的情况下可利用连续涂布层而克服,然而对具有细螺纹的结件或具有精密尺寸的其它对象而言无法容许最后过大的厚度。
各种包含硅的处理在工业上亦为广为人知。此类处理可为下述形式:硅包含于有机分子内,例如硅烷型(如胺基硅烷(aminosilanes)及环氧硅烷(epoxy silanes))或有机硅酸盐型(如四乙基硅酸盐(tetraethyl ortho silicate))、有机聚合物(如硅胶(silicone resins))以及无机硅酸盐及二氧化硅。然而,除硅胶普遍造成对结件过厚的涂布之外,由各种含硅材料组成的薄膜及表面处理不会有效地产生一均匀黑色涂布。硅酸盐薄膜的电解沉积的可应用性系局限于导电金属基板。因此,现今的技术领域仍需一从环保上可接受材料取得的黑色非铬酸盐。
发明内容
本发明的目是提供一种无铬黑色多层涂层,由提供抗腐蚀涂层系统而解决与传统材料相关的问题。抗腐蚀涂层系统是利用环保上可接受的材料并展现对热的加强阻抗。本发明是有关于用于金属基板或具有金属涂布的基板的黑色多层涂层,以及有关于覆盖或部份覆盖有此样涂层的物体。「黑色」或「深色化」的词语于此交替使用,且意指基板上的涂层的外观与实施本发明涂层之前的基板相比相对较黑或较深。「无铬」或「非铬」的词语是意指涂层中大体上没有铬及铬酸盐。大体上没有是指涂层内含小于约0.1%重量百分比的铬或铬酸盐化合物。涂布有本发明涂层系统的基板可内含铬或铬酸盐化合物,例如特定铬钢或不锈钢基板可以本发明非铬涂层予以涂布。
为实现上述目的,本发明的黑色涂层包含半金属黑色第一层,其包含镍、硫以及不同的氧化物或氢氧化物,以及第二层,其包含聚合物无机硅酸盐。正常下第一层系与基板相接触,而第二层系直接或间接覆盖于第一层的上。两层可另外包含修正元素,以用于促进特定性质。本发明可另外具有第三层,其大体上包含有机成分且包含表面涂布层或密封剂。
附图说明
图1是本发明的涂层系统的概要示意图。
附图中符号对照:
1-金属基板;
2-金属涂布;
3-黑色第一层;
4-聚合物硅酸盐无机层。
具体实施方式
本发明的涂层系统可应用于广大范围的基板,上述基板包含锌及锌合金(例如锌铁、锌镍、锡锌及其它锌合金)。锌及锌合金基板一般系电镀(例如电性或机械性)至铁或铁合金物体上(例如钢)。
本发明的涂层系统由于锌基板上沉积至少二涂层、薄膜或层而获得。黑色镍涂层是予以沉积以作为本发明的涂层系统的第一层。镍的含量约1至约60%的重量百分比,且正常约1.5至约40%的重量百分比(例如约2至约20%的重量百分比)。第一层亦可包含硫,其含量约0.1至约20%的重量百分比,且一般约0.4至约10%的重量百分比(例如约1至约5%的重量百分比)。此层的主要部份(59至94原子百分比(atomic%))由镍及硫的非金属化合物(主要为氧化物及氢氧化物)所代表;其最佳特征为半金属层。此外,黑色涂层可包含至少一修正元素(modifying element),例如锌或磷,其以元素形式存在或以大体上不溶性的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐或硫酸盐存在。再者,黑色涂层可包含有机成分例如润湿剂、表面活性剂、分散聚合物(dispersed polymers)、蜡等,其用以改善沉积的均一性、增加外观的光泽且改善抗腐蚀性。此样添加物所造成的碳元素组成可上达75重量百分比。黑色涂层的厚度应为0.1至2.5微米以达到均匀深色外观,然而应预期者为较厚的薄膜对特定应用而言可具有若干优点。第一层或黑色涂层可由任何适当方法沉积例如美国专利第5,718,745号所叙述,于此一并列入参考。
本发明的涂层系统的第二层包含至少一无机硅酸盐聚合物层。硅酸盐聚合物层包含约30至约50重量百分比的硅,一般约35至约45%重量百分比的硅(例如约38至约42%重量百分比的硅)。硅酸盐聚合物层可包含约50至约70%重量百分比的氧,一般约55至约65%重量百分比的氧(例如约58至约62%重量百分比的氧)。此外,硅酸盐聚合物层可还包含至少一修正元素(modifying element),例如铝、镁或钙,其以大体上不溶性的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐或硅酸盐以及二氧化硅化合物的形式存在。无机硅酸盐聚合物层的厚度一般为0.1至0.2微米,然而应预期者为较厚的薄膜对于特定应用而言可具有若干优点。硅酸盐聚合物层可由任何适当方法形成,例如美国专利第6,149,794号、第6,258,243号、第6,153,080号、第6,322,687号、第6,572,756号、第6,592,738号、第6,599,643号、第6,761,934号、第6,753,039号、第6,866,896号以及美国专利申请号第10/211,094号、第10/713,480号、第10/831,581号以及第10/636,904号所叙述。上述专利及专利申请案的揭露系于此一并列入参考。上述专利及专利申请所公开的方法是说明对导电金属基板的可应用性。因此,由结合由无机硅酸盐形成的第二层于半金属黑色第一层上可使本发明的抗腐蚀性得到提升,且如此经提升的抗腐蚀性为本领域技术人员所无法预期且展露了一新颖的特征,其将于下述实例中进一步说明。
具有硅酸盐薄膜的黑色镍涂布可选择性进一步涂布一密封剂层或表层涂布层,以进一步提升经涂布的物体的特性。本领域所熟知的水状密封剂可予以利用以进一步提升抗腐蚀性、外观、持久性、润滑性及其它特性。此样密封剂可包含但不限于乙丙乳液(vinyl acrylics)、包含至少一硅酸盐的水分散型胺甲酸乙酯(urethane)(美国专利第5,861,668号,于此一并列入参考)、或JS 500TM(麦德美(MacDermid)股份公司)、或(乐思(Enthone)股份公司)、PlusTM或Plus LTM(金属涂料国际(Metal Coatings International)公司)、Techniseal(新表面技术(NewSurface Technologies)公司)、RP90(A-Brite公司)、Plus501 BG(阿托科技(Atotech)公司)以及Iacquers(Agate制造公司)。表面涂布层可包含但不限于环氧化物(液体及粉末涂布树脂例如或Morton所提供)、丙烯酸乳胶、聚胺甲酸乙酯(polyurethane)、硅树脂以及聚酯粉末涂布树脂以及其它。
密封剂层的厚度可为0.5至3.0微米,且一般表面涂布层的厚度可为3.0至15微米以用于结件,且尽可能多达76至100微米以用于室外环境中的大型物体。
若无使用密封剂层或表面涂布层,则本发明的总厚度可为0.3至2.5微米,若有使用密封剂层则本发明的总厚度可为0.7至5.7微米且适合使用在螺纹结件上。经过本发明的处理且提供有一聚合物表面涂布层的物体的总厚度可为5.7至100微米以上。
现在请参照图1,为本发明的涂层系统一观点的概要示意图。图1说明用于金属基板(1)或具有金属涂布(2)的基板的黑色多层涂层。黑色涂层包含黑色第一层(3),其包含镍,以及第二聚合物硅酸盐无机层(4)。本发明可另外具有第三层(最外层/有机密封剂层),其包含有机成分(5)。
下述实例是予以提供以说明本发明的若干观点,且并非用以限定此处所附任何权利要求的保护范围。
实施例1
头直径11毫米、螺纹直径6毫米且总长18毫米的镀锌汽车螺丝钉是以本发明进行涂布。经涂布的螺丝钉由利用JEOL JSM-6500F扫描式电子显微镜及X光能量散布分析仪(SEM-EDS)根据公知的方法进行分析,且侦测得下述组成范围:
元素 | 最小原子百分比 | 最大原子百分比 |
碳 | 15 | 60 |
氧 | 20 | 53 |
硅 | 1 | 14 |
磷 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
硫 | 0.1 | 7 |
镍 | 0.4 | 10 |
锌 | 5 | 30 |
由于本涂层系统的相对较薄的特性,元素结果代表二涂层的复合物以及来自于基板层(镀锌)的贡献。应注意的是,59至94原子百分比是由非金属成分所代表,其表示半金属黑色化层组成。上述组成可归因于下述堆层结构:
元素 | 最小原子百分比 | 最大原子百分比 |
硅酸盐层 | ||
硅 | 20.0 | 33.3 |
氧 | 66.7 | 80.0 |
黑色层 | ||
碳 | 53.6 | 58.3 |
氧 | 24.3 | 42.9 |
磷 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
镍 | 1.4 | 9.7 |
硫 | 0.4 | 6.8 |
基板 | ||
锌 | 95 | 100 |
实施例2
盐喷洒腐蚀测试(ASTM-B117)是实施于本发明的铆钉样品上,且与镀有磷酸锌的铆钉样品以及镀有磷酸锌且其中尝试施行本发明的硅酸盐层的铆钉样品相比较出下列结果:
涂层系统 | 样品数量 | 至红色腐蚀的平均时间(小时) |
具黑色层的锌板 | 12 | 62 |
具黑色层及硅酸盐层的锌板 | 12 | 340 |
磷酸锌 | 12 | <6 |
磷酸锌及硅酸盐 | 12 | <6 |
磷酸锌组成一般包含下列元素组成:锌(15至23原子百分比)、铁(1至8原子百分比)、磷(13至18原子百分比)以及氧(55至65原子百分比)以及其它较少的成分。磷酸锌组成一般是排列于结晶性且非金属的方位中。此实施例是说明硅酸盐层在结合本发明的半金属层之下为有效。
实施例3
具有本发明涂层的铆钉样品是于一标准对流式烤箱中经历四小时的热暴露,其温度如下,且接着经历盐喷洒腐蚀测试。来自于同一批锌电镀的样品是由商业上可得的黑色六价铬酸盐化成皮膜而获得,且与本发明的对应样品同时经历热处理,且接着亦同时经历盐喷洒腐蚀测试。结果如下:
上述结果的试验显露了六价铬酸盐处理的已知缺点,即当温度提升时抗腐蚀表现会显着下降。此实施例说明本发明的涂层系统于摄氏75及200度之间受到加热的情况下仍可具有稳定的抗腐蚀性。
实施例4
标准镀锌汽车螺丝钉(M8 x 65mm)是以本发明进行涂布,且另外提供有一黑色聚合物密封剂层。聚合物密封剂层包含78.7%重量百分比的聚合物掺合体(polymer blend),是基于双酚A型环氧树脂(bisphenol-A type epoxyresin)及正丁基化尿素三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(n-butylated urea-melamineformaldehyde resin)(3.7∶1重量比)、8%重量百分比的苯胺黑色着色剂以及13.3%重量百分比的聚四氟乙烯蜡(polytetrafluoroethylene wax)。密封剂层的厚度约3微米。六个经涂布的螺丝钉经历盐喷洒测试,且平均188小时产生白色腐蚀产物。第一次产生红色腐蚀产物为1248小时。
Claims (11)
1、一种物体,该物体具有金属基板或该物体的基板上具有金属涂布,该金属基板或该金属涂布进一步涂布一黑色多层涂层系统,该黑色多层涂层系统,其特征在于,包含:
(a)一第一层,其包含镍、硫以及至少一选自于下列所组成的群组中的成分:镍及硫的氧化物或氢氧化物;以及
(b)一第二层,其包含一硅酸盐聚合物,该硅酸盐聚合物包含硅及氧。
2、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中该第一层中的该镍的含量约1至约60%重量百分比。
3、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中该第一层中的该硫的含量约0.1至约20%重量百分比。
4、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中该硅酸盐聚合物包含占该第二层约30至约50%重量百分比的硅。
5、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中该硅酸盐聚合物包含占该第二层约50至约70%重量百分比的氧。
6、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含上达约2%重量百分比的磷,该磷为磷酸盐形式。
7、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含至少一修正元素于(a)的该第一层中,该修正元素是以元素形式存在或以大体上不溶性的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐或硫酸盐存在。
8、根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中该修正元素包含锌。
9、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含有机成分,其包含润湿剂、表面活性剂、蜡以及分散聚合物。
10、根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中该有机成分的碳元素可上达且包含占该第二层75%重量百分比。
11、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含一第三最外层,其包含至少一选自于下列所组成的群组的成分:有机聚合物、单体、寡聚合物或其组合。
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