CN101676422A - Sliding electrical contact material containing rare earth and electrical contact metal composite material - Google Patents
Sliding electrical contact material containing rare earth and electrical contact metal composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101676422A CN101676422A CN200810070322A CN200810070322A CN101676422A CN 101676422 A CN101676422 A CN 101676422A CN 200810070322 A CN200810070322 A CN 200810070322A CN 200810070322 A CN200810070322 A CN 200810070322A CN 101676422 A CN101676422 A CN 101676422A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sliding electrical contact material containing rare earth, which comprises the components by mass percent: 0.5-1.5% of Pd, 3.0-9.0% of Cu, 0.2-0.9% of Ni, 0.02-0.50% of rareearth elements and the rest of Ag. The material has good wear resistance and arc resistant capability, so as to be excellent sliding electrical contact material, thus being suitable for manufacturinga commutator of a DC motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sliding contact material, particularly a kind of sliding contact material that contains rare earth and electrically contact metal composite.
Background technology
Load suffered in the sliding type contact material working process is very complicated.Particularly under the working conditions of micromotor reverser and brush plate assembly, its main load is the skimming wear under the live condition, but in the moment of electric current commutation, reverser and brush plate can disconnect, therefore exist the conversion of " closed-as to cut-off ", along with the rising of motor speed, this conversion frequency improves, and consequent arcing can not be ignored.The dual function that therefore contact material also bears skimming wear and arc erosion.Simultaneously, electrically contact in the process, reduce its hardness and wear resistance because the high temperature that mechanical friction and galvanic action are produced can make the material production recrystallize of work hardening attitude; Corrosive mediums such as the organic steam that exists in the environment, sulphur, chlorine cause the material surface corrosion, increase contact resistance, further add large contact surface temperature rise and wear rate.
The main wear form of direct-current motor reverser is adhesive wear and abrasive wear.Adhesive wear is commutator face material and brush plate surface adhesion and is torn and transfers to the brush plate surface, these shift material in the past and in continuing friction process work hardening take place and become abrasive material, and abrasive wear is caused on the surface that commutator face is newly exposed again.In wear process, some does not transfer to the brush plate surface from the particle that commutator face splits away off, but in the gap of free and reverser and brush plate, these particles also can cause the abrasive wear of reverser.In addition; the particle that splits away off in wear process also can be along with reverser moves to groove position between the reverser pole piece with the relative rotation of brush plate; when a large amount of particle aggregations during at groove; will cause the short circuit of pole piece; micromotor is crashed; if have because of wearing and tearing produce elongated piece, this phenomenon will be more serious.
Electric arc mainly concentrates near the groove pole piece edge to the damage of commutation modulator material.It makes material temperature sharply raise on the one hand and takes place softening even fusing, and greatly accelerated wear test process causes the very fast loss of pole piece skirt materials; Make the abrasive dust particle surface fusing that accumulates in the groove on the other hand and be welded to each other, perhaps cause abrasive dust particulate sintering, thereby make small-particle be consolidated into macrobead, and form metallurgical the connection with reverser pole piece edge, cause the early stage short circuit of pole piece, cause micromotor to crash.
At the wearing and tearing characteristics of above-mentioned micromotor commutator material, the fields such as reverser that series alloys such as AgCu, AgCuNi are applied to micromotor have been developed at present.On this basis, Chinese patent 96190113.6 has been invented a kind of AgPdCuNi alloy, and its composition is that (weight %): 0.1-1.5Pd, 3-10Cu, 0.1-1Ni, surplus are Ag.With the wear resistance of further raising alloy, performance is constant to keep anti-sulfuration simultaneously and electrically contact etc.But, still find in the use that this material is difficult to meet the demands the work-ing life under high temperature, loading condition, the micromotor that the reverser that adopts this class material to make assembles happens occasionally in phenomenons such as longevity test medium speed and electric current catastrophic fluctuation, the early stage deadlocks of motor.
Add rare earth to improve its structure property in pure Ag and alloys such as AgCuNi, AuCuNi, the technology that is used to electrically contact the field has been seen in report.By adding rare earth, the crystal grain of these contact materials has obtained refinement, and composition is purer, even, and hardness, intensity and wear resistance all increase, and anti-electric-arc ability and corrosion resistance strengthen.But, in the AgPdCuNi alloy, add rare earth and do not appear in the newspapers as yet the work-ing life under high temperature, loading condition to improve material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sliding contact material that contains rare earth, adopt described material compound to electrically contact metal composite, the working face or the intermediate layer of preparation direct-current motor reverser, under high temperature, loading condition, have high-wearing feature, the anti-electric-arc performance is good, the advantage of long service life.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The sliding contact material that contains rare earth is made up of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag, and each constituent mass percentage composition is: Pd 0.5-1.5%; Cu 3.0-9.0%; Ni 0.2-0.9%; Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%; Surplus is Ag.
The present invention's technical scheme preferably has following three groups:
First group
Each constituent mass percentage composition of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag is: Pd0.7-1.4%; Cu3.5-4.5%; Ni 0.3-0.5%; Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%; Surplus is Ag.
Second group
Each constituent mass percentage composition of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag is: Pd0.7-1.4%; Cu5.5-6.5%; Ni 0.3-0.6%; Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%; Surplus is Ag.
The 3rd group
Each constituent mass percentage composition of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag is: Pd0.7-1.4%; Cu7.5-8.5%; Ni 0.4-0.7%; Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%; Surplus is Ag.
Described rare earth element is one or more among Y, La, Ce, Sm, the Eu.
The sliding contact material preparation technology who contains rare earth of the present invention is:
1) adopt vacuum induction melting to prepare above-mentioned alloy, wherein rare earth element can the master alloy form add, and also can the pure rare earth form add.
The sliding contact material ingot casting that contains rare earth that 2) will prepare through cogging, rolling after, adopt the hot rolling compounding technology, make two-layer composite strip with copper or copper alloy are compound, the sliding contact material that contains rare earth is a working lining, copper or copper alloy are basic unit.
The sliding contact material ingot casting that contains rare earth that 3) will prepare through cogging, rolling after, adopt the hot rolling compounding technology, with gold alloy compound after, adopt the hot rolling compounding technology again, make three layers of composite strip with copper or copper alloy are compound.In this composite strip, the gold alloy layer is a working lining, and the sliding contact material that contains rare earth of the present invention is an intermediate layer, and copper or copper alloy are basic unit.
Because rare earth element character is active, in fusion process, can form high melting compound with the impurity reaction in the alloy, come-up or sinking in melt, thus be easy to remove, reach the purpose that purifies alloy; In addition, rare earth element can improve the recrystallization temperature of alloy, suppresses its softening under hot conditions, thereby improves wear resistance; And the high-temperature oxidation resistance and the anti-electric-arc ability of all right crystal grain thinning of rare earth element, raising alloy.Therefore, add wear resistance and the electrical contact performance that rare earth can significantly improve alloy in the material of the present invention, multiple rare earth uses simultaneously, can produce the mutual supplement with each other's advantages effect, can more effectively improve alloy property.But too much rare earth causes compound and the precipitated phase in the alloy to increase easily, causes the higher and alloy embrittlement of inclusion content, can increase contact resistance and cause processing difficulties, so the total content of rare earth is controlled at below 0.50%.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) adopt the sliding contact material that contains rare earth of the present invention to make the micromotor reverser, have better wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and anti-electric-arc ability, use in the micromotor that is suitable for working under high temperature (65-75 ℃), load (moment the is 10-15gcm) condition.
2) sliding contact material that contains rare earth of the present invention can adopt the manufacturing of conventional vacuum melting technology, and equipment and Technology do not need special transformation, and be easy to implement in the production.
When 3) utilizing the sliding contact material that contains rare earth of the present invention to make two-layer or 3-layer composite material, can adopt common silver alloys/copper alloy electrically contact (oblique line "/" the expression interface between the two between two kinds of alloys, down with.) composite strip, and technology and equipment that au-alloy/silver alloys/copper alloy electrically contacts composite strip produces, technology is easy to grasp and implement.
4) since the rare earth element that adds seldom, technology and equipment all do not have particular requirement, so the sliding contact material that contains rare earth of the present invention can not increase production cost when improving performance.
Embodiment
In vacuum induction furnace, get each component materials according to the prescription of following table, prepare the sliding contact material that contains rare earth of the present invention with the method melting of conventional smelting contact material.
Table 1: the composition unit of sliding contact material: weight percent (wt%)
| Sequence number | ??Pd | ??Cu | ??Ni | ??La | ??Ce | ??Sm | ??Eu | ??Ag |
| ??1 | ??0.9 | ??4.2 | ??0.35 | ??0.11 | ??- | ??- | ??- | ??94.44 |
| ??2 | ??0.9 | ??4.2 | ??0.35 | ??- | ??0.12 | ??- | ??- | ??94.43 |
| ??3 | ??0.9 | ??4.2 | ??0.35 | ??0.07 | ??0.06 | ??- | ??- | ??95.32 |
| ??4 | ??1.2 | ??4.5 | ??0.35 | ??- | ??0.05 | ??0.06 | ??- | ??93.84 |
| ??5 | ??1.0 | ??6.3 | ??0.41 | ??- | ??0.13 | ??- | ??- | ??92.16 |
| ??6 | ??1.1 | ??6.5 | ??0.45 | ??0.05 | ??0.08 | ??- | ??- | ??91.82 |
| ??7 | ??1.1 | ??6.5 | ??0.45 | ??- | ??0.07 | ??- | ??0.08 | ??91.80 |
| ??8 | ??1.0 | ??8.1 | ??0.48 | ??- | ??- | ??0.13 | ??- | ??90.29 |
| ??9 | ??1.1 | ??8.3 | ??0.51 | ??- | ??0.08 | ??0.06 | ??- | ??89.95 |
Remarks: according to every stove 5Kg batching, the weight proportion of each metal is got material according to calculating shown in the table 1 during the preparation alloy.
Get the sliding contact material that contains rare earth of filling a prescription and obtaining according to 1-9 number, be combined into stratified composite with copper respectively, and be rolled into bed thickness 0.03mm, the band of total thickness 0.25mm obtains the 1-9 band.
Described band is respectively applied for and is made into micromotor three utmost point reversers, and this reverser is assemblied in the micromotor, and its corresponding brush plate material mark is AgPd50/BZn18-26.
Test in following test condition:
Probe temperature: 70 ℃
Testing load: 15gcm
Test voltage: 4V
Test duration: 300h
Drive manner: interrupted (open 1s, stop 1s)
Testing of electric motors quantity: 10
In the test process, judge the working order of motor, rotating speed or electric current occur and exceed standard and all be judged to be end of life in the time of maybe can't starting by the variation that detects motor speed and electric current.
Test result is as follows:
| The band sequence number | Testing of electric motors quantity | Test duration | The result |
| ??1 | ??10 | ??300h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??2 | ??10 | ??300h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??3 | ??10 | ??300h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??4 | ??10 | ??300h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??5 | ??10 | ??350h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??6 | ??10 | ??350h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??7 | ??10 | ??350h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??8 | ??10 | ??400h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
| ??9 | ??10 | ??350h | Every index is all in acceptability limit |
Adopt the middle layer that contains the sliding contact material of rare earth as composite strip No. 1, this alloy surface the trade mark of more compound 0.0015mm be the AuAg40 alloy layer of working.Use above-mentioned test condition, test detects the variation of motor speed and electric current, and wherein the time lengthening with test is 450h.
Test result shows that 10 motors all reach life requirements, and every index is all in acceptability limit in the 450h.
Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, the rare earth alloy as electric contact material that contains of the present invention has good wear resistance, arc resistance and electrical contact performance, the micromotor reverser of making of this alloy is under high temperature, load, interrupter duty condition, demonstrate good result of use, satisfy life requirements fully.
Claims (8)
1. the sliding contact material that contains rare earth is characterized in that described material is made up of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag, and each constituent mass percentage composition is:
Pd????0.5-1.5％；
Cu????3.0-9.0％；
Ni????0.2-0.9％；
Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%;
Surplus is Ag.
2. the sliding contact material that contains rare earth according to claim 1 is characterized in that described material is made up of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag, and each constituent mass percentage composition is:
Pd????0.7-1.4％；
Cu????3.5-4.5％；
Ni????0.3-0.5％；
Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%;
Surplus is Ag.
3. the sliding contact material that contains rare earth according to claim 1 is characterized in that described material is made up of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag, and each constituent mass percentage composition is:
Pd????0.7-1.4％；
Cu????5.5-6.5％；
Ni????0.3-0.6％；
Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%;
Surplus is Ag.
4. the sliding contact material that contains rare earth according to claim 1 is characterized in that described material is made up of Pd, Cu, Ni, rare earth and Ag, and each constituent mass percentage composition is:
Pd????0.7-1.4％；
Cu????7.5-8.5％；
Ni????0.4-0.7％；
Rare earth element 0.02～0.50%;
Surplus is Ag.
5. according to each described sliding contact material that contains rare earth of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described rare earth element is one or more among Y, La, Ce, Sm, the Eu.
6. electrically contact metal composite, it is made up of each the described sliding contact material that contains rare earth among the compound claim 1-4 in the basic unit of copper or copper alloy, and the sliding contact material that wherein contains rare earth is a working lining.
7. electrically contact metal composite, with each described sliding contact material and gold or the compound matrix material that obtains of au-alloy that contains rare earth among the claim 1-4, described matrix material is compound with copper or copper alloy again, wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit of basic unit, the sliding contact material that contains rare earth is the middle layer, and gold or au-alloy are working lining.
8. a direct-current motor is used claim 6 or 7 described Composite Preparation reversers.
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| CN200810070322A CN101676422A (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2008-09-18 | Sliding electrical contact material containing rare earth and electrical contact metal composite material |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101892399A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-11-24 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy layer and silver-based alloy layer composite material and preparation method and application |
| CN102290261A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-12-21 | 浙江乐银合金有限公司 | Silver copper based metal oxide electrical contact material containing adding elements and preparation method thereof |
| CN104726742A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-24 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | Preparation method of composite strip for punching electric brush piece of direct current micromotor |
-
2008
- 2008-09-18 CN CN200810070322A patent/CN101676422A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101892399A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-11-24 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy layer and silver-based alloy layer composite material and preparation method and application |
| CN101892399B (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2012-05-02 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy layer and silver-based alloy layer composite material, preparation method and application |
| CN102290261A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-12-21 | 浙江乐银合金有限公司 | Silver copper based metal oxide electrical contact material containing adding elements and preparation method thereof |
| CN102290261B (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2014-04-09 | 张树堂 | Silver copper based metal oxide electrical contact material containing adding elements and preparation method thereof |
| CN104726742A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-24 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | Preparation method of composite strip for punching electric brush piece of direct current micromotor |
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Application publication date: 20100324 |