CN101667743B - Cell balancing circuit, method and system - Google Patents
Cell balancing circuit, method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101667743B CN101667743B CN2009101710878A CN200910171087A CN101667743B CN 101667743 B CN101667743 B CN 101667743B CN 2009101710878 A CN2009101710878 A CN 2009101710878A CN 200910171087 A CN200910171087 A CN 200910171087A CN 101667743 B CN101667743 B CN 101667743B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cell balancing circuit, a method and a system for balancing battery cells includes a transformer and a switching controller. The transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding. The switching controller can select a first cell coupled to the primary winding and select a second cell coupled to the secondary winding. The first cell and the second cell are coupled in series. The first cell has a cell voltage that is greater than the second cell. The cell balancing circuit further includes a controller coupled to the primary winding. The controller controls energy from the first cell to the primary winding so as to transfer the energy from the first cell to the second cell to balance the battery cells.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic system, relate in particular to a kind of cell balancing circuit, method and system.
Background technology
Battery pack comprises a plurality of parallel connections and/or series connected battery, for example the lithium battery group.In comprising the battery pack of a plurality of batteries, cell degradation and/or different battery temperatures can cause between the battery and there are differences.The number of times increase of charge/discharge can cause that the voltage difference between the battery increases thereupon, the life-span that this possibly cause the imbalance between the battery and shorten battery.
A kind of traditional battery equilibrium method is that battery is parallelly connected with external loading (like resistance), thereby to having the battery discharge of higher relatively cell voltage.Yet traditional battery equilibrium method possibly cause thermal losses bigger in like the application of electric vehicle system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide the method for a kind of cell balancing circuit and balancing battery, increasing work efficiency and to make battery be in desirable voltage and temperature range, thereby reduces the thermal energy loss.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the cell balancing circuit of a plurality of batteries of a kind of balance.Said cell balancing circuit comprises the transformer that comprises primary coil and secondary coil; Switching circuit, said switching circuit comprise a plurality of input switches and a plurality of output switch that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries respectively; The on-off controller that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries and said switching circuit; Said on-off controller is monitored the cell voltage of said a plurality of batteries; And control said switching circuit; Choose first battery with in the said a plurality of input switches of closure at least one and link to each other with said primary coil, and in closed said a plurality of output switches at least one choose second battery and link to each other with said secondary coil via balance controller, thus with the power transfer of said secondary coil to said second battery; Wherein said first battery and said second battery are in series, and the cell voltage of said first battery is greater than the cell voltage of said second battery; And be connected the said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil; Said balance controller is controlled the power transfer of said first battery to said primary coil, thereby gives said second battery with balancing battery the power transfer of said first battery.
The present invention also provides the cell balancing circuit of a plurality of batteries of a kind of balance, and said cell balancing circuit comprises at least: the transformer that comprises primary coil and secondary coil; Switching circuit, said switching circuit comprise an input switch and a plurality of output switch that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries respectively; The on-off controller that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries and said switching circuit; Said on-off controller is monitored the cell voltage of said a plurality of batteries; And control said switching circuit; With the said input switch of closure said a plurality of batteries are linked to each other with said primary coil via balance controller; And one of closed said a plurality of output switches are chosen second battery and are linked to each other with said secondary coil, thereby give said second battery with the power transfer of said secondary coil, and wherein said a plurality of batteries are connected in series; And be connected the said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil; Said balance controller is controlled the power transfer of said a plurality of battery to said primary coil, thereby gives said second battery with balancing battery the power transfer of said a plurality of batteries.
The present invention also provides the battery equilibrium method of a plurality of batteries of a kind of balance.Said battery equilibrium method comprises the cell voltage of monitoring said a plurality of batteries; In a plurality of input switches of the switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure at least one; First battery of choosing in said a plurality of battery links to each other with the primary coil of transformer via balance controller, and is connected said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil and controls the power transfer of said first battery and give said primary coil; And in a plurality of output switches of the said switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure at least one; Second battery of choosing in said a plurality of battery links to each other with the secondary coil of said transformer, thereby gives said second battery with the power transfer of said secondary coil; Wherein, said first battery and said second battery are in series, and the cell voltage of said first battery is greater than the cell voltage of said second battery.
The present invention also provides the battery equilibrium method of a plurality of batteries of a kind of balance, it is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method comprises at least: the cell voltage of monitoring said a plurality of batteries; An input switch of the switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure; Said a plurality of batteries are linked to each other with the primary coil of transformer via balance controller; And being connected said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil controls the power transfer of said a plurality of batteries and gives said primary coil; Wherein, said a plurality of battery is connected in series; And in a plurality of output switches of the said switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure at least one; Second battery of choosing in said a plurality of battery links to each other with the secondary coil of said transformer, thereby gives said second battery with the power transfer of said secondary coil.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery balancing system.Said battery balancing system comprises switching circuit; Said switching circuit comprises respectively first group of switch and the second group of switch that links to each other with second Battery pack with first Battery pack, and said first group of switch and said second group of switch comprise respectively a plurality of input switches and a plurality of output switch that links to each other with said second Battery pack with said first Battery pack; Master controller; Said master controller is monitored a plurality of cell voltages of said first Battery pack; And monitor a plurality of cell voltages of said second Battery pack, and according to the cell voltage of said first Battery pack and the cell voltage of said second Battery pack, a plurality of input switches in closed said first group of switch one of them; First battery to choose in said first Battery pack links to each other with the primary coil of first transformer via the first battery equilibrium controller; One of and a plurality of output switches in closed said second group of switch, link to each other with the secondary coil of second transformer with second battery of choosing in said second Battery pack, to give said second battery the power transfer of said first battery; Thereby the cell voltage of said first Battery pack of balance and the cell voltage of said second Battery pack; Wherein, said first battery and said second battery are in series, and the cell voltage of said first battery is greater than the cell voltage of said second battery; Be connected the said first battery equilibrium controller between the primary coil of said first group of switch and said first transformer, the power transfer that said first battery equilibrium controller control will first battery in said first Battery pack is to the primary coil of said first transformer; And being connected the said second battery equilibrium controller between the primary coil of said second group of switch and said second transformer, the said second battery equilibrium controller is given second battery in said second Battery pack with the power transfer of the secondary coil of said second transformer.
Compared with prior art, adopt technical scheme of the present invention can realize battery equilibrium more efficiently, and make a plurality of batteries be in desirable voltage and temperature range.Thereby, reduced the thermal energy loss.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is carried out detailed explanation, so that characteristic of the present invention and advantage are more obvious.
Shown in Figure 1 is the block diagram of cell balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 2 is the block diagram of cell balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 3 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of a plurality of series connected battery groups according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 4 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 5 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 6 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of a plurality of series connected battery groups according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 7 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 8 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of a plurality of series batteries according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 9 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system of a plurality of series batteries according to an embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 10 is the operational flowchart of cell balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below will provide detailed explanation to embodiments of the invention and accompanying drawing thereof.Though the present invention will combine embodiment to set forth, being interpreted as this is not to mean the present invention is defined in these embodiment.On the contrary, the invention is intended to contain defined various options in the spirit and scope of the invention that is defined by the appended claim item, can revise and equivalents.In addition, in following detailed description of the present invention, understand completely, illustrated a large amount of details in order to provide to of the present invention.Yet it will be understood by those skilled in the art that does not have these details, and the present invention can implement equally.In some other embodiment, describe in detail for scheme, flow process, element and the circuit of known, so that highlight the present invention's purport.
The invention provides a kind of battery balancing system; The power transfer of its one or more batteries through will having higher relatively cell voltage is given one or more unbalanced with it batteries (battery that for example has minimum cell voltage in the battery pack), thereby makes the battery in the battery pack reach balance.In addition, the present invention also provides another kind of battery balancing system, and it passes through to give the one or more unbalanced with it battery in the battery pack with the power transfer of other battery pack, thereby makes the battery in the battery pack reach balance.Advantageously, adopt technical scheme of the present invention can realize battery equilibrium more efficiently, and make a plurality of batteries be in desirable voltage and temperature range.Thereby, reduced the thermal energy loss.
Shown in Figure 1 is the block diagram of cell balancing circuit 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.Cell balancing circuit 100 comprises balance controller 180 and transformer 140.Balance controller 180 also comprises switch Q1, the on-off controller 120 of inductive reactance Rsense and control switch Q1.Transformer 140 comprises the primary coil 142 and secondary coil 144 that is in series with switch Q1.
Port i+ links to each other with the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage with port i-, and port w1L links to each other with unbalanced battery with port w1H.In one embodiment, unbalanced battery has relatively low cell voltage, for example has minimum cell voltage (or minimum battery capacity).Advantageously, balance controller 180 can control transformer 140 will have the power transfer of one or more batteries of higher relatively cell voltage and give unbalanced battery with it, thereby the cell voltage of battery pack reaches balance.
On-off controller 120 produces control signal (for example pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal) at pin DRV place and comes control switch Q1 closed and disconnected according to the electric current of the primary coil 142 of flowing through.On-off controller 120 detects the electric current of the primary coil 142 of flowing through through the pressure drop of pin ISEN detection inductive reactance Rsense.For example, the turn ratio between primary coil 142 and the secondary coil 144 is 1: 1, thus the pressure drop of the inductive reactance Rsense current value of secondary coil 144 of can representing to flow through.Yet the turn ratio between primary coil 142 and the secondary coil 144 can also be other value, and 1: 1 of being not limited to that present embodiment is mentioned.In one embodiment, on-off controller 120 is the controllers that charging current is a constant.Therefore, through control switch Q1, can make the electric current of the secondary coil 144 of flowing through be essentially constant.Thereby, through the energy of control primary coil 142 to secondary coil 144, can make battery energy transmission give unbalanced battery with it with higher relatively cell voltage, for example have the battery of minimum cell voltage.
In addition, on-off controller 120 can detect the voltage of the primary coil of transformer 140 through pin VSEN, and detected voltage and predetermined threshold are compared, thereby carries out overvoltage protection.For example, if the detected voltage of pin VSEN greater than predetermined threshold, but on-off controller 120 cut-off switch Q1.
Shown in Figure 2 is the block diagram of cell balancing circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the invention.Have similar function with Fig. 1 mark components identical, repeat no more at this.Cell balancing circuit 200 comprises balance controller 280 and transformer 140.Balance controller 280 also comprises switch Q1, the on-off controller 220 of inductive reactance Rsense and control switch Q1.In one embodiment, on-off controller 220 (for example charging current is the controller of constant) receives predetermined reference signal 130 through pin IADJ.The flow through predetermined or ideal current of secondary coil 144 of predetermined reference signal 130 expression.On-off controller 220 detects the electric current of the primary coil 142 of flowing through through pin ISEN, and according to predetermined reference signal 130 control switch Q1, thereby control flows is through the electric current of primary coil 142.Therefore, controller 220 is according to the electric current of predetermined reference signal 130 control flows through secondary coil 144.The user can be provided with predetermined reference signal 130 according to different application requirements.
Shown in Figure 3 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system 300 of a plurality of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.Battery balancing system 300 comprises a plurality of battery pack 302_1-302_N.In one embodiment, each battery pack 302_1-302_N comprises switching circuit 340, the on-off controller 320 and the balance controller 380 of control switch circuit 340.In one embodiment, each battery pack 302_1-302_N also comprises a plurality of battery #1-#M.Yet the present invention is not limited to the situation of said embodiment, and different battery pack also can comprise the battery of different numbers.
Through the cell voltage of monitoring battery #1-#M, on-off controller 320 can be chosen the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage, makes it pass through switching circuit 340 and links to each other with corresponding primary coil 142.Balance controller 380 is through switching circuit 340, and control is transferred to the energy of corresponding primary coil 142 from battery.Balance controller 180 is similar with the balance controller 280 among Fig. 2 among balance controller 380 and Fig. 1.In addition, on-off controller 320 is chosen one or more unbalanced batteries through switching circuit 340, and it is linked to each other with corresponding secondary coil 144.Switching circuit 340 is given unbalanced battery through output line 370 and 372 with the power transfer of secondary coil 144.Thus, the corresponding balance controller 380 that links to each other with primary coil 142 can be controlled the battery with higher relatively cell voltage and give unbalanced battery with its power transfer.Therefore, make the cell voltage of the battery #1-#M in the battery pack reach balance.
In one embodiment, master controller 310 links to each other with each controller 320 among each battery pack 302_1-302_N, and communicates through bus 350 and each on-off controller 320.Master controller 310 can be monitored battery status (the for example cell voltage among each battery pack 302_1-302_N), and control switch controller 320 correspondingly.In another embodiment, can omit master controller 310, and in the on-off controller 320 any one is made as master controller.
Advantageously, battery balancing system 300 can be given unbalanced battery with the power transfer of each battery among the battery pack 302_1-302_N, and thus, the cell voltage of battery pack 302_1-302_N reaches balance.Master controller 310 can be monitored battery status (for example cell voltage), thereby the energy that can indicate corresponding on-off controller 320 will have one or more batteries of higher relatively cell voltage is transferred to corresponding primary coil 142 through corresponding switching circuit 340 and corresponding balance controller 380.Therefore, the energy of primary coil 142 can be transferred to corresponding secondary coil 144.Master controller 310 can also indicate corresponding on-off controller 320 that the energy of corresponding secondary coil 144 is transferred to uneven battery (the for example battery with minimum cell voltage among the battery pack 302_1-302_N) through output line 370 and 372 with corresponding switching circuit 340.Therefore, in one embodiment, the energy of the battery in the battery pack can be transferred to unbalanced battery in the same battery pack.In another embodiment, the energy of the battery in the battery pack can be transferred to the uneven battery in another battery pack.
For example, if the battery # 3 that master controller 310 detects among the battery pack 302_N-1 is uneven, for example the battery # 3 among the battery pack 302_1 compares with other battery among the battery pack 302_1-302_N and has minimum cell voltage.Thus, master controller 310 can indicate the power transfer of the one or more batteries with relative high voltage to give the uneven battery # 3 among the battery pack 302_N-1.
Again for example; If comparing with other battery among the battery pack 302_1-302_N, the battery #5 among the same battery pack 302_N-1 has the highest cell voltage; Master controller 310 can start the balance controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N-1, and ends other balance controller 380, and the 320 control switch circuit 340 of the on-off controller among the pilot cell group 302_N-1; Thus, the energy of the battery #5 among the battery pack 302_N-1 can be transferred to the primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N-1.Therefore, the energy of secondary coil 144 can be transferred to uneven battery # 3 with switching circuit 340 through the output line among the battery pack 302_N-1 370 and 372.
If master controller 310 monitors battery # 2 among the battery pack 302_N and compares with other battery among the battery pack 302_1-302_N and have the highest cell voltage; Master controller 310 can start the balance controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N; And end other balance controller 380; And the corresponding switching circuit 340 of 320 controls of the on-off controller among the pilot cell group 302_N, the energy of the battery # 2 among the battery pack 302_N can be transferred to primary coil 142 through the balance controller 380 of battery pack 302_N thus.Therefore, the energy of corresponding secondary coil 144 can be transferred to the uneven battery # 3 among the battery pack 302_N-1 with switching circuit 340 through the output line among the battery pack 302_N-1 370 and 372 among the battery pack 302_N.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 3, the power transfer with one or more batteries of higher relatively cell voltage is given uneven battery, thereby reaches battery equilibrium.The energy that is transferred to uneven battery can be the battery that comes from the same battery pack of uneven battery, or comes from the battery of other battery pack.
Shown in Figure 4 is battery balancing system 400 block diagrams of the battery pack in according to one embodiment of present invention.Have similar function with Fig. 3 mark components identical, repeat no more at this.In Fig. 4, on-off controller 420 passes through the cell voltage of battery #1-#M in the signal V0-VM monitoring battery pack, and control comprises input switch SI_1-SI_M and the switching circuit of exporting switch S O_1-SO_M according to cell voltage.On-off controller 420 also communicates through bus 350 and master controller (not shown among Fig. 4).Input switch SI_1-SI_M and output switch S O_1-SO_M link to each other with battery #1-#M respectively.More particularly, on-off controller 420 is through switching signal SI1-SIM control input switch SI_1-SI_M.One or more input switches that on-off controller 420 is chosen among the input switch SI_1-SI_M make it closed, thereby the energy that will have one or more batteries of higher relatively cell voltage is transferred to primary coil 142 through balance controller 380.
In one embodiment, transformer comprises three secondary coil 144_1,144_2 and 144_3.In one embodiment, the turn ratio of primary coil and each secondary coil is 1: 1.Therefore, let flow is a constant through the electric current of primary coil 142, and the electric current of the secondary coil 144_1-144_3 that flows through is essentially same constant.On-off controller 420 is through switching signal SO1-SOM control output switch S O_1-SO_M.In one embodiment, output switch S O_1-SO_M links to each other with secondary coil 144_1.Through the one or more output switches among the closure output switch S O_1-SO_M, the energy (like the energy of one or more batteries) of the secondary coil 144_1 of transformer is transferred to any unbalanced battery.
For example, if battery # 2 is uneven, for example battery # 2 compares with other battery and has minimum cell voltage, and on-off controller 420 is exported switch S O_2 with closure, thereby the power transfer that will have higher relatively cell voltage is given unbalanced battery #2.Secondary coil 144_2 links to each other with high-end battery pack (not shown among Fig. 4) with low side battery pack (not shown among Fig. 4) respectively with 144_3, and the back will combine Fig. 6 to describe.
Shown in Figure 5 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system 500 of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.Have similar function with Fig. 4 mark components identical, repeat no more at this.Battery balancing system 500 comprises on-off controller 520.On-off controller 520 controls comprise the switching circuit of output switch S O_1-SO_M and input switch SI.More particularly, on-off controller 520 is through switching signal SEL_VBATT control input switch SI.If input switch SI is closed, the voltage of battery pack can insert the input of balance controller 380.In other words, the voltage of battery pack can be transferred to primary coil 142 through input switch SI.Similar with Fig. 4, on-off controller 520 is through switching signal SO1-SOM control output switch S O_1-SO_M.On-off controller 520 can also produce predetermined reference signal ADJ and come the electric current of control flows through secondary coil 144_1-144_3.Therefore, under the control of on-off controller 520, the energy of whole battery group can be used to the uneven battery in the battery pack is charged.
Shown in Figure 6 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system 600 of a plurality of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.Have similar function with Fig. 3 mark components identical, repeat no more at this.Battery balancing system 600 comprises a plurality of battery pack 302_1-302_N.
Suppose to exist among the battery pack 302_N-1 unbalanced battery.Compare with the battery in other battery pack, if battery pack 302_N-1 comprises the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage, the energy with battery of higher relatively cell voltage can be transferred to the primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N-1.Thus, start the balance controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N-1, and end other balance controller.Therefore, the power transfer of the secondary coil 144_1 among the battery pack 302_N-1 is given the unbalanced battery among the battery pack 302_N-1.
Compare with the battery in other battery pack; If battery pack 302_N comprises the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage; Start the balance controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N, thereby the power transfer that will have the battery of higher relatively cell voltage is given the primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N.The power transfer of primary coil 142 is given the secondary coil 144_1-144_3 among the battery pack 302_N.In one embodiment, secondary coil 144_2 among the battery pack 302_N and the secondary coil 144_1 among the battery pack 302_N-1 are in series.Thus, the power transfer of the secondary coil 144_2 among the battery pack 302_N is given the secondary coil 144_1 among the battery pack 302_N-1.On-off controller 320 among the battery pack 302_N-1 is also given the unbalanced battery among the battery pack 302_N-1 with the power transfer of secondary coil 144_1.
Compare with the battery of other battery pack; If battery pack 302_N-2 (not shown among Fig. 6) comprises the battery with higher relatively cell voltage, the balance controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N-2 will have the power transfer of the battery of higher relatively cell voltage and give the primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N-2.The energy of primary coil 142 also is transferred to the secondary coil 144_1-144_3 among the battery pack 302_N-2.In one embodiment, secondary coil 144_3 among the battery pack 302_N-2 and the secondary coil 144_1 among the battery pack 302_N-1 are in series.Thus, the power transfer of the secondary coil 144_3 among the battery pack 302_N-2 is given the secondary coil 144_1 among the battery pack 302_N-1.On-off controller 320 among the battery pack 302_N-1 is also given the unbalanced battery among the battery pack 302_N-1 with the power transfer of secondary coil 144_1.
In addition, the energy of the one or more batteries in battery pack can be transferred to the unbalanced battery in another battery pack through one or more batteries.For example, the energy of the one or more batteries among the battery pack 302_1 can be transferred to the unbalanced battery among the battery pack 302_N-1 through battery pack 302_2-302_N-2.
Shown in Figure 7 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system 700 of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.Have similar function with Fig. 4 with Fig. 5 mark components identical, repeat no more at this.As shown in Figure 7, on-off controller 720 can be monitored cell voltage, and comprises switch S I_1-SI_M, SO_1-SO_M, the switching circuit of SI_L-SI_H according to the cell voltage control that monitors.Input switch SI_1-SI_M links to each other with battery #1-#M respectively.Input switch SI_H links to each other with one or more batteries of high-end battery pack.Input switch SI_L links to each other with one or more batteries of low side battery pack.Output switch S O_1-SO_M links to each other with battery pack #1-#M respectively.
More particularly, on-off controller 720 is through switching signal SI1-SIM control input switch SI_1-SI_M.One or more input switches that on-off controller 720 (or among Fig. 6 master controller 350) is chosen among the input switch SI_1-SI_M according to cell voltage make it closed, thereby the energy that will have one or more batteries of higher relatively cell voltage is transferred to primary coil 142 through balance controller 380.
In one embodiment, transformer comprises three secondary coil 144_1,144_2 and 144_3.In one embodiment, primary coil is 1: 1 with the turn ratio of each secondary coil 144_1-144_3.Thus, let flow is a constant through the electric current of primary coil 142, and the electric current of each secondary coil of flowing through is essentially same constant value.On-off controller 720 is through switching signal SO1-SOM control output switch S O_1-SO_M.In one embodiment, output switch S O_1-SO_M links to each other with secondary coil 144_1.One or more output switches that on-off controller 720 (or master controller among Fig. 6 350) is chosen among the output switch S O_1-SO_M according to cell voltage make it closed, thereby give any unbalanced battery with the power transfer of secondary coil 144_1.
In addition, on-off controller 720 is controlled input switch SI_H through switching signal HIGHBA, and through switching signal LOWBA control input switch SI_L.When input switch SI_H was closed, the energy of the one or more batteries in the high-end battery pack (not shown among Fig. 7) can be used to the uneven battery in the battery pack is charged.Equally, when input switch SI_L was closed, the energy of the one or more batteries in the low side battery pack (not shown among Fig. 7) can be used to any unbalanced battery in the battery pack is charged.
Shown in Figure 8 be according to one embodiment of present invention in the block diagram of battery balancing system 800 of a plurality of series connected battery groups.Have similar function with mark components identical among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, repeat no more at this.Battery balancing system 800 comprises battery pack 302_1-302_N.
More specifically, each battery pack 302_1-302_N comprises the on-off controller 720 of switching circuit 840 and control switch circuit 840.Master controller 310 can be monitored the battery #1-#M among the battery pack 302_1-302_N, and the power transfer that will have one or more batteries of higher relatively cell voltage is given uneven battery.Uneven battery can be the battery with lower cell voltage, for example the battery with minimum cell voltage among the battery pack 302_1-302_N.With battery pack 302_N-1 is example; If master controller 310 monitors one or more uneven batteries are arranged among the battery pack 302_N-1; The one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage among the same battery pack 302_N-1 can charge to unbalanced battery, and perhaps the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage in other battery pack (for example battery pack 302_N-302_N-2) charge to unbalanced battery.
Suppose to exist among the battery pack 302_N-1 unbalanced battery.Compare with the battery of other battery pack, if there are the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage among the battery pack 302_N-1, the energy content of battery with higher relatively cell voltage can be transferred to the primary coil 142 of battery pack 302_N-1.Thus, start the balance controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N-1, and end other balance controller.Therefore, the energy of the secondary coil 144_2 among the battery pack 302_N-1 can be transferred to the uneven battery among the battery pack 302_N-1.
Compare with the battery in other battery pack; If there are one or more batteries among the battery pack 302_N with higher relatively cell voltage; With the balance controller 380 that starts among the battery pack 302_N, thereby the energy content of battery with higher relatively cell voltage can be transferred to the primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N.The energy of primary coil 142 also is transferred to the secondary coil 144_1-144_3 among the battery pack 302_N.In one embodiment, the secondary coil 144_1 among the battery pack 302_N links to each other with primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N-1 via comparatively speaking switching circuit 840.Thus, (among the battery pack 302_N) energy content of battery with higher relatively cell voltage can be transferred to the primary coil 142 of transformer among the battery pack 302_N-1 via the transformer among the battery pack 302_N.The same battery equilibrium controller 380 that starts among the battery pack 302_N-1, thus the power transfer of primary coil 142 is given the secondary coil 144_2 among the battery pack 302_N-1.Thus, the energy of secondary coil 144_2 can be transferred to the uneven battery among the battery pack 302_N-1.
Compare with the battery in other battery pack; If there are the one or more batteries with higher relatively cell voltage in battery pack 302_N-2 (not shown among Fig. 8); With the balance controller 380 that starts among the battery pack 302_N-2, thereby the battery energy transmission with higher relatively cell voltage is given the primary coil among the 302_N-2.The energy of primary coil 142 also is transferred to the secondary coil 144_1-144_3 among the battery pack 302_N-2.In one embodiment, the secondary coil 144_3 among the battery pack 302_N-2 links to each other with primary coil 142 among the battery pack 302_N-1 via corresponding switching circuit 840.Thus, (among the battery pack 302_N-2) has relative higher voltage batteries energy can be transferred to the transformer among the battery pack 302_N-1 via the transformer among the battery pack 302_N-2 primary coil 142.Thus, start the battery controller 380 among the battery pack 302_N-1, thereby the power transfer of primary coil 142 is given the secondary coil 144_2 among the battery pack 302_N-1.Thus, the energy of secondary coil 144_2 can be transferred to the uneven battery among the battery pack 302_N-1.
Shown in Figure 9 is the block diagram of the battery balancing system 900 of a plurality of battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.In Fig. 9, battery balancing system 900 comprises the master controller 910 that communicates via bus 950 and a plurality of on-off controllers 920.Transformer among Fig. 9 comprises primary coil 142 and a plurality of secondary coil 144_1-144_N.Each secondary coil 144_1-144_N links to each other with the corresponding battery group.Each battery pack 302_1-302_N comprises input switch that links to each other with battery #1-#M respectively and the output switch that links to each other with battery #1-#M respectively.
Advantageously, the gross energy of battery pack 302_1-302_N can be used to the one or more uneven battery in the arbitrary battery pack among the battery pack 302_1-302_N is charged.In other words, the gross energy of battery pack 302_1-302_N can charge to a plurality of batteries with relatively low voltage (or relatively low capacity) simultaneously.By master controller 950 control charging currents.
Shown in Figure 10 is the operational flowchart 1000 of cell balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.Figure 10 combines Fig. 3-Fig. 9 to describe.In square frame 1010, the cell voltage of monitoring battery.For example, the cell voltage of on-off controller 320,720 and 920 monitoring batteries.Master controller 310 or 910 also can be monitored the cell voltage of battery.In square frame 1020, on-off controller 320,720 920 or master controller 310 or 910 can link to each other with the primary coil 142 of transformer thereby choose first battery according to the cell voltage conducting input switch that monitors with higher relatively cell voltage.Then, in square frame 1030, the energy of first battery is transferred to primary coil 142 via the input switch of institute's conducting.More particularly, battery equilibrium controller (the for example the battery equilibrium controller 380) power transfer that can control first battery is given primary coil 142.In square frame 1040; On-off controller 320,720 or 920 or master controller 310 or 910 can link to each other with the secondary coil 144 of transformer thereby choose second battery (uneven battery) according to the closed output of the cell voltage of being monitored switch with relatively low cell voltage.Thus, in square frame 1050, the energy of secondary coil 144 via closed output switch be transferred to second battery.Therefore, the cell voltage of battery reaches balance.
In sum, embodiments of the invention provide cell balancing circuit, system and method, and the power transfer of the battery through will having relative high voltage/energy makes cell voltage/energy reach balance for the battery with relatively low voltage/energy.Advantageously, compare with the battery pack that adopts traditional cell balancing circuit, system and method, it is more that battery pack adopts above-mentioned cell balancing circuit, system and method to reach the energy of being stored behind the battery equilibrium.Cell balancing circuit of the present invention, system can place the battery management unit (BMU) of battery pack, perhaps place the outside of the battery management unit (BMU) of battery pack.
Preceding text embodiment and accompanying drawing are merely the present invention's embodiment commonly used.Obviously, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's spirit that the appended claim book defined and protection range, can have and variously augment, revise and replace.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can change not deviating under the prerequisite of inventing criterion aspect form, structure, layout, ratio, material, element, assembly and other according to concrete environment and job requirement to some extent in practical application.Therefore, only be illustrative rather than definitive thereof at the embodiment of this disclosure, the present invention's scope is defined by appended claim and legal equivalents thereof, and is not limited thereto preceding description.
Claims (19)
1. the cell balancing circuit of a plurality of batteries of balance is characterized in that, said cell balancing circuit comprises at least:
The transformer that comprises primary coil and secondary coil;
Switching circuit, said switching circuit comprise a plurality of input switches and a plurality of output switch that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries respectively;
The on-off controller that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries and said switching circuit; Said on-off controller is monitored the cell voltage of said a plurality of batteries; And control said switching circuit; Choose first battery with in the said a plurality of input switches of closure at least one and link to each other with said primary coil, and in closed said a plurality of output switches at least one choose second battery and link to each other with said secondary coil via balance controller, thus with the power transfer of said secondary coil to said second battery; Wherein said first battery and said second battery are in series, and the cell voltage of said first battery is greater than the cell voltage of said second battery; And
Be connected the said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil; Said balance controller is controlled the power transfer of said first battery to said primary coil, thereby gives said second battery with balancing battery the power transfer of said first battery.
2. cell balancing circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said balance controller also comprises:
With the switch that said primary coil is in series, said balance controller is according to the said switch of Current Control of the said primary coil of flowing through, so that energy is transferred to said primary coil from said first battery.
3. cell balancing circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said balance controller also comprises:
The switch that is in series with said primary coil; Said balance controller is according to the said switch of predetermined reference signal controlling; So that energy is transferred to said primary coil from said first battery, the flow through scheduled current of said secondary coil of wherein said predetermined reference signal indication.
4. cell balancing circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that said on-off controller is controlled said switching circuit, with the said a plurality of input switches of closure, thereby gives said primary coil with the power transfer of said a plurality of batteries.
5. the cell balancing circuit of a plurality of batteries of balance is characterized in that, said cell balancing circuit comprises at least:
The transformer that comprises primary coil and secondary coil;
Switching circuit, said switching circuit comprise an input switch and a plurality of output switch that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries respectively;
The on-off controller that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries and said switching circuit; Said on-off controller is monitored the cell voltage of said a plurality of batteries; And control said switching circuit; With the said input switch of closure said a plurality of batteries are linked to each other with said primary coil via balance controller; And one of closed said a plurality of output switches are chosen second battery and are linked to each other with said secondary coil, thereby give said second battery with the power transfer of said secondary coil, and wherein said a plurality of batteries are connected in series; And
Be connected the said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil; Said balance controller is controlled the power transfer of said a plurality of battery to said primary coil, thereby gives said second battery with balancing battery the power transfer of said a plurality of batteries.
6. cell balancing circuit according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said balance controller also comprises:
With the switch that said primary coil is in series, said balance controller is according to the said switch of Current Control of the said primary coil of flowing through, so that energy is transferred to said primary coil from said a plurality of batteries.
7. cell balancing circuit according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said balance controller also comprises:
The switch that is in series with said primary coil; Said balance controller is according to the said switch of predetermined reference signal controlling; So that energy is transferred to said primary coil from said a plurality of batteries, the flow through scheduled current of said secondary coil of wherein said predetermined reference signal indication.
8. the battery equilibrium method of a plurality of batteries of balance is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method comprises at least:
Monitor the cell voltage of said a plurality of batteries;
In a plurality of input switches of the switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure at least one; First battery of choosing in said a plurality of battery links to each other with the primary coil of transformer via balance controller, and is connected said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil and controls the power transfer of said first battery and give said primary coil; And
In a plurality of output switches of the said switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure at least one; Second battery of choosing in said a plurality of battery links to each other with the secondary coil of said transformer, thereby gives said second battery with the power transfer of said secondary coil;
Wherein, said first battery and said second battery are in series, and the cell voltage of said first battery is greater than the cell voltage of said second battery.
9. battery equilibrium method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method also comprises:
Said balance controller is according to the electric current of the said primary coil of flowing through, and the switch that control and said primary coil are in series is to be transferred to said primary coil with energy from said first battery.
10. battery equilibrium method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method also comprises:
Said balance controller is according to the predetermined reference signal; The switch that control and said primary coil are in series; So that energy is transferred to said primary coil from said first battery, wherein, the flow through scheduled current of said secondary coil of said predetermined reference signal indication.
11. battery equilibrium method according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
According to the closed said a plurality of input switches of said cell voltage, thereby give said primary coil with the power transfer of said a plurality of batteries.
12. the battery equilibrium method of a plurality of batteries of balance is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method comprises at least:
Monitor the cell voltage of said a plurality of batteries;
An input switch of the switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure; Said a plurality of batteries are linked to each other with the primary coil of transformer via balance controller; And being connected said balance controller between said switching circuit and the said primary coil controls the power transfer of said a plurality of batteries and gives said primary coil; Wherein, said a plurality of battery is connected in series; And
In a plurality of output switches of the said switching circuit that links to each other with said a plurality of batteries according to said cell voltage closure at least one; Second battery of choosing in said a plurality of battery links to each other with the secondary coil of said transformer, thereby gives said second battery with the power transfer of said secondary coil.
13. battery equilibrium method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method also comprises:
Said balance controller is according to the electric current of the said primary coil of flowing through, and the switch that control and said primary coil are in series is to be transferred to said primary coil with energy from said a plurality of batteries.
14. battery equilibrium method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, said battery equilibrium method also comprises:
Said balance controller is according to the predetermined reference signal; The switch that control and said primary coil are in series; So that energy is transferred to said primary coil from said a plurality of batteries, wherein, the flow through scheduled current of said secondary coil of said predetermined reference signal indication.
15. a battery balancing system is characterized in that, said battery balancing system comprises at least:
Switching circuit; Said switching circuit comprises respectively first group of switch and the second group of switch that links to each other with second Battery pack with first Battery pack, and said first group of switch and said second group of switch comprise respectively a plurality of input switches and a plurality of output switch that links to each other with said second Battery pack with said first Battery pack;
Master controller; Said master controller is monitored a plurality of cell voltages of said first Battery pack; And monitor a plurality of cell voltages of said second Battery pack, and according to the cell voltage of said first Battery pack and the cell voltage of said second Battery pack, a plurality of input switches in closed said first group of switch one of them; First battery to choose in said first Battery pack links to each other with the primary coil of first transformer via the first battery equilibrium controller; One of and a plurality of output switches in closed said second group of switch, link to each other with the secondary coil of second transformer with second battery of choosing in said second Battery pack, to give said second battery the power transfer of said first battery; Thereby the cell voltage of said first Battery pack of balance and the cell voltage of said second Battery pack; Wherein, said first battery and said second battery are in series, and the cell voltage of said first battery is greater than the cell voltage of said second battery;
Be connected the said first battery equilibrium controller between the primary coil of said first group of switch and said first transformer, the power transfer that said first battery equilibrium controller control will first battery in said first Battery pack is to the primary coil of said first transformer; And
Be connected the said second battery equilibrium controller between the primary coil of said second group of switch and said second transformer, the said second battery equilibrium controller is given second battery in said second Battery pack with the power transfer of the secondary coil of said second transformer.
16. battery balancing system according to claim 15 is characterized in that, the secondary coil of the secondary coil of said second transformer and said first transformer is in series.
17. battery balancing system according to claim 15; It is characterized in that; The secondary coil of said first transformer links to each other with the primary coil of said second transformer, and the energy of said first battery is transferred to the primary coil of said second transformer via said first transformer.
18. battery balancing system according to claim 17 is characterized in that, the energy of the primary coil of said second transformer is transferred to said second battery via the secondary coil of said second transformer.
19. battery balancing system according to claim 15 is characterized in that, said battery balancing system also comprises:
Control first on-off controller of said first group of switch, said first group of switch links to each other with said first Battery pack respectively; And
Control the second switch controller of said second group of switch, said second group of switch links to each other with said second Battery pack respectively;
Said first on-off controller of said main controller controls and said second switch controller.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19118208P | 2008-09-05 | 2008-09-05 | |
| US61/191,182 | 2008-09-05 |
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| CN101667743A CN101667743A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
| CN101667743B true CN101667743B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102299529B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2014-04-02 | 凹凸电子（武汉）有限公司 | Battery pack management system, electric vehicle and battery pack management method |
| CN102148523B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2013-05-01 | 上海润腾电子科技有限公司 | Energy-saving type charge and discharge control system of storage battery |
| CN102856936B (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2015-01-14 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Device for balancing power batteries |
| CN102255361B (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-11-20 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer |
| CN102280917B (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2014-03-05 | 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Relay array for controlling large-sized battery packs |
| CN102522790B (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2015-07-08 | 中电普瑞科技有限公司 | Equalization device for series battery packs |
| KR101397026B1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-05-20 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Battery system and energy storage system including same |
| GB2565838B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-12-23 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Battery pack balancing system |
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