CN101666783A - Ultrasonic guided wave composite non-destructive testing method and device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic guided wave composite non-destructive testing method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
超声导波复合式无损检测方法，其利用超声导波在被检测物中传播，通过检测反射回波的方式进行对待测物的检测；其特征在于：其所使用的用于激励产生超声导波的方法为电磁激励方式；其接收反射回波的方式具体为使用压电元器件进行检测的方式。本发明还要求保护如上所述的超声导波复合式无损检测方法所对应的检测装置。本发明能在现有管线对超声导波有衰减作用的条件下，实现更远距离和更高灵敏度的缺陷检测。此技术可以应用到检测通常的管材、钢轨、异型管/杆、钢丝绳以及储油罐罐底等构件的无损检测中。其将两大类技术的优点创造性的结合起来，具有明显更好的技术效果。其具有可预见的巨大的经济价值和社会价值。Ultrasonic guided wave composite non-destructive testing method, which uses ultrasonic guided waves to propagate in the object to be tested, and detects the object to be tested by detecting reflected echoes; it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic wave used to stimulate the generation of ultrasonic guided waves The method is the electromagnetic excitation method; the way of receiving the reflected echo is specifically the way of using piezoelectric components for detection. The present invention also claims to protect the detection device corresponding to the above-mentioned ultrasonic guided wave composite nondestructive detection method. The invention can realize defect detection with longer distance and higher sensitivity under the condition that the existing pipeline has an attenuation effect on the ultrasonic guided wave. This technology can be applied to the non-destructive testing of common pipes, rails, special-shaped pipes/rods, wire ropes, and oil storage tank bottoms. It creatively combines the advantages of the two types of technologies, and has significantly better technical effects. It has foreseeable huge economic value and social value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of nondestructive testing, a kind of composite ultrasonic guided wave lossless detection method that can grow defective in distance or the fast accurate detection architecture of large tracts of land is provided especially.
Background technology
At industrial circles such as oil, chemical industry, various pipelines and pipeline are widely applied.Particularly in petrochemical factory, oil transportation Gas Stations, be laid on ground and underground various pipelines, owing to manage the corrosivity or the outer corrosive atmosphere of pipe of interior medium, cause tube wall inside and outside surface generation to be corroded probably even lead to catastrophic failure or cause serious environmental to pollute.
Therefore, pipeline regularly being detected and maintenance targetedly, is the prerequisite that guarantees the pipe safety operation.But a lot of pipelines are underground owing to being embedded in usually, so can not do sight check, also can't carry out thickness measuring; A lot of pipeline outer-layers all contain as clad anticorrosion or insulation, if with traditional detection method it is detected, then must excavate a large amount of earthwork even need the outer clad of stripping channel to detect so that pipeline is come out.These detection method expenses are very high, and spended time is also obviously more; They are not well positioned to meet requirement of actual application.
At the defects detection problem of determinands such as metal pipe line, recently, developed the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology that to grow distance detecting to the corrosive pipeline situation abroad.This technology only needs on pipeline local excavation and removes local clad to settle detecting sensor, just can detect the defective on the very long segment pipe.This technology is by going out supersonic guide-wave with the proper technology method at the pipeline underexcitation, the characteristic of utilizing supersonic guide-wave to propagate in the pipeline medium and long distance, supersonic guide-wave runs into defective and forms reflection echo in communication process, pick up this echo flaw indication and can judge defective.
At present supersonic guide-wave is used as Non-Destructive Testing and mainly contains two big class technology in application: a class is the piezoelectric type guided wave detection technology of Britain's Imperial College of Science and Technology research and development, and another kind of is the magnetostriction type guided wave detection technology of U.S. Southwest Research Inst. research and development.But the piezoelectric ceramic type guided wave detects and exists stimulation effect undesirable in supersonic guide-wave excitation process, and the supersonic guide-wave decay is very big, the technological deficiency that the actual detected distance is relatively short; And the magnetostriction type guided wave detection technology is lower to the detection sensitivity of reflection echo, and effect is also not ideal enough.
People catch at the better supersonic guide-wave Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of a kind of technique effect, its the long distance or large tracts of land that should be able to realize tested structure (for example pipeline, rail, steel plate) accurately detects fast, the high sensitivity that ensure to detect simultaneously and testing result carried out the possibility of subsequent treatment, the possibility that provides reality for the further application and the development of technology.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of technique effect better ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method and device thereof.Its long distance or large tracts of land that can realize tested structure (for example pipeline, rail, steel plate) accurately detects fast, ensures the high sensitivity that detects.
The invention provides a kind of ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, it utilizes supersonic guide-wave to propagate in detected material, carries out detection to determinand by the mode of detection of reflected echo 902; It is characterized in that: it is employed to be used to encourage the method that produces supersonic guide-wave is the electric magnetization mode; Its mode that receives reflection echo 902 is specially the mode of using piezo component to detect.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, described to be used to encourage the electric magnetization mode that produces supersonic guide-wave specifically be following one of several: the magnetostriction excitation, electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) excitation, magnetostriction excitation and electromagnetic acoustic encourage the two complex incentive;
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, the relation that employed parts that are used to encourage supersonic guide-wave and the piezo-electric device that is used to receive reflection echo 902 are fixed together into as a whole (for example forming detection probe ring 1 shown in Figure 1) for independent split relation of arranging or two class devices respectively between the two.The stronger characteristic of supersonic guide-wave vibration that we utilize electric magnetization to produce has avoided using the not high shortcoming of electromagnetic detection detection sensitivity; Utilize piezo-electric device to detect the high characteristic of vibration sensitivity simultaneously, avoided the piezo-electric device excitation to produce the relatively poor relatively shortcoming of ability of supersonic guide-wave; This two specific character just combined to obtain better technique effect.
Described electric magnetization mode specifically can be used the combination of single electric magnetization unit or limited electric magnetization unit; When selecting the combination of limited electric magnetization unit for use, the combination of this limited electric magnetization unit can be made into array format, carries out the excitation of while or phased array under the control of controllers such as computing machine.If what use is the phased array excitation, then can reach the effect of dynamic focusing, it is farther that guided wave is propagated, and detection sensitivity is higher.
In ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method of the present invention, the piezo component that is used to receive reflection echo 902 is a piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7, include at least one class in the following three class piezoelectric sensors in the described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7: thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401, length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 402, thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401 and length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 402 are fitted together the composite received unit (the composite received unit not only can detect flaw indication, also helps the identification guided wave modal and defective is carried out feature identification and quantitative) of formation.
The present invention adopts piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 to receive the reflection echo 902 of fault location on the thing to be detected, can handle through signal amplification circuit and analysis software, and finally obtain detailed defect information, and this is a kind of new composite ultrasonic guided wave detection technology.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, include 1～512 piezoelectricity receiving element in the employed piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 altogether;
The difference of the concrete grammar during according to use, described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 is specially following three class sensor arraies one of them or its any one combination: the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 601 that detects the length direction vibration, detect the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 602 of transverse vibration, detect the thickness mode piezoelectric sensing receiving array 603 of thickness direction vibration.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, be used for the receiving trap of detection of reflected echo 902 signals and have two at least;
Each receiving trap 4 (being piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7) be used to encourage distance between the emissive source that produces supersonic guide-wave or/and direction is different, utilize the difference of the time of each receiving trap 4 that each receiving trap 4 detected reflection echos 902 arrive, judge 902 of reflection echos from concrete direction that is defective 5 residing general orientation.
Described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method is particularly useful for detecting elongated metalwork, for example rail, oil or natural gas transmission pipeline etc.; Certainly also be applicable to and detect the thin-walled plate-shaped members.
If what detect is elongated metalwork, use two receiving arraies; Then can take two receiving arraies are arranged in the both sides in supersonic guide-wave stimulated emission source; Can certainly receive the same side that placement 4 is arranged in supersonic guide-wave stimulated emission source with two, but these two should be different with distance between supersonic guide-wave stimulated emission source that is the electromagnetic exciting device 101, so that obtain the important evidence of mistiming as defective place direction deciding.
In the ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method of the present invention, the supersonic guide-wave that excitation produces is specially following one of several or its combination: vertically/and longitudinal mode supersonic guide-wave, circumferentially/twisting die supersonic guide-wave.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, when using the mode of magnetostriction excitation supersonic guide-wave, fixing (for example: bonding) before detecting on detected member has one deck giant magnetostrictive material (for example: rare earth Tb-Dy-iron etc.), can motivate the bigger supersonic guide-wave of intensity like this, propagation distance is farther, so that obtain better technique effect.
Involved in the present invention is a kind of composite ultrasonic guided wave detecting method, promptly utilize the electric magnetization mode to encourage supersonic guide-wave, like this, can realize high-power exciting, the vibration displacement of guided wave big (electric magnetization is higher 3～20 times than the strain of piezoelectric excitation), propagation distance is far away; Utilize the high advantage of piezoelectric ceramics receiving sensitivity (can discern the subtle change of 0.01pm, the electromagnetism receiving sensor then can not detect this subtle change), adopt piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 to receive reflection echo 902.So both improve the detection distance, improved the sensitivity that detects again.Also the array by different mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics is combined into helps differentiating guided wave modal and defective is carried out feature identification and quantitative.
The device that uses in the also claimed ultrasonic guided wave combined type as mentioned above of the present invention lossless detection method is characterized in that: what be used to encourage supersonic guide-wave in described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device is specially electromagnetic exciting device 101; The device that is used to receive reflection echo 902 in described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device is specially piezo component;
Described electromagnetic exciting device 101 is specially magnetostriction exciting bank or electromagnetic acoustic exciting bank or uses this both compound exciting banks; The electromagnetic exciting device 101 concrete combinations of using single electric magnetization unit or limited electric magnetization unit; When selecting the combination of limited electric magnetization unit for use, this limited electric magnetization unit be combined into array format, under the control of control modes such as computing machine, carry out the excitation of while or phased array.If use the phased array excitation, then can reach the effect of dynamic focusing, it is farther that guided wave is propagated, and detection sensitivity is higher;
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, employedly be used to encourage the parts that produce emission guided wave 901 and the piezo-electric device that is used to receive reflection echo 902 to concern for independent split of arranging respectively between the two or the two is fixed together into as a whole.
In ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device of the present invention, the receiving trap 4 that is used to receive reflection echo 902 specifically is a piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7, include at least one class or certain combination in any in the following three class piezoelectric sensors in the described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7: thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401, length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 402 fits together thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401 and length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 402 the composite received unit of formation.The composite received unit not only can detect flaw indication, also helps the identification guided wave modal and defective is carried out feature identification and quantitatively, and is so that make that testing result can be qualitative and quantitative, more accurate and be convenient to practical application.
In ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device of the present invention, include at least 1 piezoelectricity receiving element (preferable range is 10～512) in the employed piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 altogether;
Difference according to using method, described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 is specially following three class sensor arraies one of them or its any one combination: the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 601 that detects the length direction vibration, detect the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 602 of transverse vibration, detect the thickness mode piezoelectric sensing receiving array 603 of thickness direction vibration.
In ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device of the present invention, include at least two receiving traps 4 that are used for detection of reflected echo 902;
Each receiving trap 4 (being piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7) be used to encourage distance between the emissive source that produces supersonic guide-wave or/and direction is different, utilize the difference of the time of each receiving trap 4 that each receiving trap 4 detected reflection echos 902 arrive, judge 902 of reflection echos from concrete direction that is defective 5 residing general orientation.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, the device that excitation produces supersonic guide-wave is one of following several devices or its combination that can produce the supersonic guide-wave with following feature: vertically/and longitudinal mode supersonic guide-wave, circumferentially/twisting die supersonic guide-wave.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, specifically use the mode of magnetostriction excitation supersonic guide-wave; Before detecting on detected member at first fixing (for example bonding) one deck giant magnetostrictive material (for example rare earth Tb-Dy-iron etc.), can motivate the bigger supersonic guide-wave of intensity like this, make propagation distance farther; Obtain better technique effect.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, electromagnetic exciting device 101 is specially the device that electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) excitation produces supersonic guide-wave, the principle of its working method is for example referring to Fig. 3, specifically be in workpiece, to produce the stationary magnetic field that is parallel to the determinand surface with permanent magnet, electromagnet or dc coil, drive coil is the grid coil that places on the workpiece planarization, when passing through ac signal in the coil, generate eddy current in the tested member, under the effect of stationary magnetic field, produce Lorentz force, member is vibrated, thereby motivate supersonic guide-wave.
The pipe ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is suitably but the approximated position to be installed by a detection probe ring at pipeline, instantaneous this probe ring that excites of guided wave instrument motivates supersonic guide-wave on pipeline, if uploading to run into defective sowing time then have reflection wave at pipeline, guided wave passes this probe ring back, the probe ring is converted to electric signal with fluctuation, pick up this signal and give guided wave instrument processing and amplifying and defect information (signal intensity, position) is shown, accompanying drawing 1 is that guided wave detects synoptic diagram.Both be provided with the electromagnetic exciting device 101 that is used to encourage the generation supersonic guide-wave on the described detection probe ring 1, also should be provided with the receiving trap 4 that is used to receive reflection echo 902.
Principle such as Fig. 3 of wherein a kind of working method of electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) excitation supersonic guide-wave, be in workpiece, to produce the stationary magnetic field that is parallel to the surface with permanent magnet, electromagnet or dc coil, drive coil is the grid coil that places on the workpiece planarization, when passing through ac signal in the coil, generate eddy current in the tested member, under the effect of stationary magnetic field, produce Lorentz force, member is vibrated, thereby motivate supersonic guide-wave.
When the supersonic guide-wave that produces when excitation is propagated in member and is run into defective, understanding some ripple is reflected, the present invention adopts piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 to receive reflection echo 902, the guided wave that reflects is received by piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7, cause that each piezoelectric ceramic piece in the piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 produces electric signal, handle through signal amplification circuit and analysis software, just can carry out quantitative assessment the defective in the member.
When guided wave detects; need to use longitudinal mode or/and the twisting die guided wave; the direction of vibration of its flaw echo is mainly along the length direction of workpiece, horizontal (circumferentially) and thickness (radially) direction; therefore rule is arranged piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 to receive reflection echo 902 on the pipe circumference; according to the different mode of oscillations of reflection guided wave, select different piezoelectric sensors to receive.Length direction and transverse vibration are then received with length mold pressing electroceramics 401, the thickness direction vibration is received with thickness mode piezoelectric ceramics 402, then use preceding two kinds of piezoelectric ceramics (also can be the piezoelectric sensors of two kinds of potteries) to receive simultaneously as the main composition part to combination vibration.As shown in Figure 4.
Advantage of the present invention: the present invention is a kind of new composite ultrasonic guided wave detecting method that proposes under the prior art background, and has designed corresponding device thereof simultaneously.The present invention can have under the condition of attenuation supersonic guide-wave at existing pipeline, realizes farther distance and more highly sensitive defects detection.This technology can be applied in the Non-Destructive Testing of members such as detecting at the bottom of common tubing, rail, shape tube/bar, wire rope and the storage tank jar.It has obviously better technique effect with creationary the combining of advantage of two big class technology.It has foreseeable huge economic and social value.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with drawings and the embodiments:
Fig. 1 propagates the principle schematic that detects for supersonic guide-wave in tubing to be measured; When emission guided wave 901 is propagated in detected material, if run into defective 5, just have reflection echo 902 and reflect from defective 5, we can utilize the pick-up unit to reflection echo 902 sensitivities that it is detected; Among Fig. 1, it is piezo component that detection probe ring 1 is provided with the receiving trap 4 that is used to encourage the electromagnetic exciting device 101 that produces supersonic guide-wave and/or is used to receive reflection echo 902;
Fig. 2 is a magnetostriction ultrasonic guided wave detecting principle schematic; Itself and the present invention's technology required for protection are had any different, and its employed receiving device as shown is receiving coil 404; Course of work explanation: pumping signal 801 produces emission guided wave 901 by transmitting coil 302, and detection signal 802 is to detect by the receiving coil 404 as receiving trap to obtain, and it can carry out subsequent treatment;
Fig. 3 is electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) excitation supersonic guide-wave synoptic diagram; Basic magnetic field when the B among the figure is magnetostriction excitation generation supersonic guide-wave, it is invariable; We come realization work by apply controlled alternating magnetic field again on this basic magnetic field;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic that the layout of piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 is used; The piezoelectricity receiving element includes two class components: thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401, length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 402, and this two class component has three kinds of usages: detect the length direction vibration, detect transverse vibration, detect the thickness direction vibration;
The synoptic diagram that Fig. 5 detects for magnetostriction excitation/piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 composite ultrasonic guided waves; When utilizing the magnetostriction excitation to produce supersonic guide-wave, during with piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 detection of reflected echoes 902, the detection signal 802 that detection obtains can carry out subsequent treatment as shown in Figure 5: the signal processing and amplifying---show etc.;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram that the composite ultrasonic guided wave of electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) excitation/piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 receptions detects; The implication difference of Fig. 6 and Fig. 5 is: Fig. 6 utilizes the electromagnetic acoustic excitation to produce supersonic guide-wave.
Embodiment
The implication of each number designation in the accompanying drawing is as follows:
Emission guided wave 901 (referring to initiatively the outwards supersonic guide-wave of emission), reflection echo 902 are (when emission guided wave 901 is propagated in detected material, if run into defective 5, with regard to have reflection echo 902 from defective 5 reflect back near the receiving trap that is arranged on the electromagnetic exciting device sentence just it is detected), pumping signal 801 (by being used to encourage the electromagnetic exciting device that produces supersonic guide-wave to send), detection signal 802 (detect obtain by receiving trap that is used to receive reflection echo 902 that is piezo component, can carry out subsequent treatment).
Embodiment 1 (with reference to Fig. 1～6)
A kind of ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, it utilizes supersonic guide-wave to propagate in detected material, carries out the detection of determinand by the mode of detection of reflected echo 902; Its part that requires emphasis is:
It is employed to be used to encourage the method that produces supersonic guide-wave is the electric magnetization mode; It is described that to be used to encourage the electric magnetization mode of supersonic guide-wave specifically be the complex incentive that magnetostriction excitation and electromagnetic acoustic encourage the two; Its mode that receives reflection echo 902 is specially the mode of using piezo-electric device to detect.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, the employed piezo-electric device that is used to encourage the parts of supersonic guide-wave and is used to receive reflection echo 902 is independent split relation (as shown in Figure 6) of arranging respectively between the two.The supersonic guide-wave quality that we utilize electromagnetic exciting device 101 to produce is higher, utilizes piezo-electric device to detect the high characteristic of vibration sensitivity simultaneously; This two specific character just combined to obtain better technique effect.
Described electric magnetization mode specifically can be used the combination of single electric magnetization unit or limited electric magnetization unit; When selecting the combination of limited electric magnetization unit for use, the combination of this limited electric magnetization unit can be made into array format, carries out the excitation of while or phased array under the control of controllers such as computing machine.If phased array encourages, then can reach the effect of dynamic focusing, it is farther that guided wave is propagated, and detection sensitivity is higher.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, the piezo component that is used to receive reflection echo 902 is a piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7, include following three class piezoelectric sensors in the described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7: thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401, length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 402 fits together thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics and length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics the composite received unit of formation.The composite received unit not only can detect flaw indication, also helps the identification guided wave modal and defective is carried out feature identification and quantitative.
Present embodiment adopts piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 to receive the reflection echo 902 of fault location on the thing to be detected, can handle through signal amplification circuit and analysis software, and finally obtain detailed defect information, and this is a kind of new composite ultrasonic guided wave detection technology.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, include about 50 piezoelectricity receiving elements in employed each piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 altogether; These piezoelectricity receiving elements specifically are arranged as the combination of ring-type clocklike or parallel a plurality of ring-types, use with convenient even it can be made detection probe ring 1.
Described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 specifically constitutes certain combination of following three class sensor arraies: the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 601 that detects the length direction vibration, detect the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 602 of transverse vibration, detect the thickness mode piezoelectric sensing receiving array 603 of thickness direction vibration.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, being used for the receiving trap 4 of detection of reflected echo 902 signals has two;
Each receiving trap be used to encourage distance between the emissive source that produces supersonic guide-wave or/and direction is different, utilize each receiving trap 4 detected reflection echos 902 to arrive the difference of the time of each receiving trap 4, judge reflection echo 902 signals institute from concrete direction, and then just can determine the direction and the Position Approximate of defective 5 existence.
Described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method is applicable to and detects elongated metalwork, for example rail, oil or natural gas transmission pipeline etc.; Certainly also be applicable to and detect the thin-walled plate-shaped members.
If what detect is elongated metalwork, use two receiving arraies; Then can take two receiving arraies are arranged in the both sides in supersonic guide-wave stimulated emission source; Two receiving arraies can certainly be placed on the same side in supersonic guide-wave stimulated emission source, but these two is different with the distance in supersonic guide-wave stimulated emission source.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method of present embodiment, the supersonic guide-wave that excitation produces is specially following one of several or its combination: vertically/and longitudinal mode supersonic guide-wave, circumferentially/twisting die supersonic guide-wave.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, the concrete mode of using magnetostriction excitation supersonic guide-wave, fixing (for example: bonding) has one deck giant magnetostrictive material (for example: rare earth Tb-Dy-iron etc.) on detected member, can motivate the bigger supersonic guide-wave of intensity like this, propagation distance is farther.
What present embodiment was related is a kind of composite ultrasonic guided wave detecting method, promptly utilize the electric magnetization mode to encourage supersonic guide-wave, like this, can realize high-power exciting, the vibration displacement of guided wave big (electric magnetization is higher 3～20 times than the strain of piezoelectric excitation), propagation distance is far away; Utilize the high advantage of piezoelectric ceramics receiving sensitivity (can discern the subtle change of 0.01pm, the electromagnetism receiving sensor then can not detect this subtle change), adopt piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 to receive reflection echo 902.So both improve the detection distance, improved the sensitivity that detects again.Also the array by different mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics is combined into helps differentiating guided wave modal and defective is carried out feature identification and quantitative.
The device that uses in the also claimed ultrasonic guided wave combined type as mentioned above of the present embodiment lossless detection method, what be used to encourage supersonic guide-wave in described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device is specially electromagnetic exciting device 101; Electromagnetic exciting device 101 in described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device is specially magnetostriction exciting bank and the two compound exciting bank of electromagnetic acoustic exciting bank; The receiving trap 4 that is used to receive reflection echo 902 in described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device is specially the piezoelectric detection device.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, the employed piezo-electric device that is used to encourage the concrete parts of supersonic guide-wave and is used to receive reflection echo 902 is independent split relation of arranging respectively between the two.
The electric magnetization mode is specially the combination of limited electric magnetization unit; The combination of this limited electric magnetization unit can be made into array format, carries out the excitation of while or phased array under the control of control modes such as computing machine.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device of present embodiment, the piezo-electric device that is used to receive reflection echo 902 specifically is a piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7, include at least one class in the following three class piezoelectric sensors in the described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7: thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics, length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics fits together thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics and length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics the composite received unit of formation.
In the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device of present embodiment, include 50 piezoelectricity receiving elements altogether in employed each piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7;
Described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 specifically constitutes following three class sensor arraies one of them or its any one combination: the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 601 that detects the length direction vibration, detect the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 602 of transverse vibration, detect the thickness mode piezoelectric sensing receiving array 603 of thickness direction vibration;
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, include two receiving traps 4 that are used for detection of reflected echo 902 signals;
Each receiving trap 4 be used to encourage distance between the emissive source that produces supersonic guide-wave or/and direction is different, utilize the difference of the time of each receiving trap 4 that each receiving trap 4 detected reflection echos 902 arrive, judge reflection echo 902 signals from concrete direction.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, the supersonic guide-wave that excitation produces is specially following one of several or its combination: vertically/and longitudinal mode supersonic guide-wave, circumferentially/twisting die supersonic guide-wave.
In described ultrasonic guided wave combined type the cannot-harm-detection device, because used magnetostriction excitation and electromagnetic acoustic excitation complex incentive to produce the mode of supersonic guide-wave, so in order to make the magnetostriction excitation produce the better effects if of guided wave, we on detected member fixing (for example bonding) has one deck giant magnetostrictive material (for example rare earth Tb-Dy-iron etc.), can motivate the bigger supersonic guide-wave of intensity like this, make propagation distance farther.
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 content are basic identical, and its difference mainly is:
1) the described electric magnetization mode that is used to encourage supersonic guide-wave specifically is one of following two kinds: magnetostriction excitation, electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) excitation;
2) in the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, employed parts that are used to encourage supersonic guide-wave and the piezo-electric device that is used to receive reflection echo 902 are fixed together into as a wholely for the two between the two, and this integral body is called as detection probe ring 1.The supersonic guide-wave quality that we utilize electric magnetization to produce is higher, utilizes piezo-electric device to detect the high characteristic of vibration sensitivity simultaneously; This two specific character just combined to obtain better technique effect.
3) described electric magnetization mode specifically can be used the combination of single electric magnetization unit or limited electric magnetization unit.
4) include at least one class in the following three class piezoelectric sensors in the described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7: thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics 401, length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics 401 fits together thickness vibration mold pressing electroceramics and length mode of vibration piezoelectric ceramics the composite received unit of formation.
5) in the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, include 1～512 piezoelectricity receiving element in the employed piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 altogether; These piezoelectricity receiving elements can make various concrete array formats so that better receive reflection echo 902 signals.
Described piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 specifically constitutes following three class sensor arraies one of them or its any one combination: the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 601 that detects the length direction vibration, detect the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 602 of transverse vibration, detect the thickness mode piezoelectric sensing receiving array 603 of thickness direction vibration.
6) in the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, being used for the receiving trap 4 of detection of reflected echo 902 signals is about 12, wherein employed piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 specifically includes one of following three classes or its combination: the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 601 that detects the length direction vibration, detect the length mold pressing fax sense receiving array 602 of transverse vibration, detect the thickness mode piezoelectric sensing receiving array 603 of thickness direction vibration; Above-mentioned same class piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 all with the arranged in form of annular or linear pattern or regular polygon in one plane.
Detected member is a plate-shaped members; In order to be fit to detect plate-shaped members, under the prerequisite of principle of work basically identical, the suitably distortion according to circumstances of some device.
Present embodiment also includes and the pairing operable device of above-mentioned composite ultrasonic guided wave detecting method, and detailed content repeats no more.。
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 content are basic identical, and its difference mainly is:
1) in the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, includes 512 piezoelectricity receiving elements in the employed piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 altogether; These piezoelectricity receiving elements can make various concrete array formats so that better receive reflection echo 902 signals.
2) detected member is the major diameter oil and gas pipelines.
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 content are basic identical, and its difference mainly is:
1) in the described ultrasonic guided wave combined type lossless detection method, includes 1 piezoelectricity receiving element in the employed piezoelectric sensing receiving array 7 altogether; This piezoelectricity receiving element is arranged on the path that most possibly transmits reflection echo 902, so that better receive reflection echo 902 signals.
2) detected member is the sheet material of oil tank wall or bottom.
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