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CN101663104A - 带有单向驱动的振动致动器 - Google Patents

带有单向驱动的振动致动器 Download PDF

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CN101663104A
CN101663104A CN200880010775A CN200880010775A CN101663104A CN 101663104 A CN101663104 A CN 101663104A CN 200880010775 A CN200880010775 A CN 200880010775A CN 200880010775 A CN200880010775 A CN 200880010775A CN 101663104 A CN101663104 A CN 101663104A
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drive circuit
way signal
linear resonance
resonance actuator
mancarried device
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CN101663104B (zh
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P·格雷戈里奥
D·A·格兰特
J·M·格鲁茨-赫纳德茨
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Immersion Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0238—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有单向驱动的振动致动器。其中公开了一种触觉反馈发生系统，其包括线性谐振致动器和驱动电路。该驱动电路适合于输出将被施加到线性谐振致动器的单向信号。作为响应，该线性谐振致动器产生触觉振动。

Description

带有单向驱动的振动致动器
技术领域
本发明的一个实施方式涉及致动器。更具体地，本发明的一个实施方式涉及一种用于在触觉启动的装置(haptic enabled device)上产生振动的致动器。
背景信息
电子装置制造商致力于为用户生产丰富的界面(interface)。常规装置使用视觉和听觉提示(cue)来对用户提供反馈。在一些界面装置(interface device)中，动觉反馈(kinesthetic feedback)(比如主动力反馈和阻力反馈)和/或触觉反馈(比如振动、质地(texture)和热量)也被提供给用户，更一般地被共同地称为“触觉反馈”。触觉反馈可以提供改进和简化用户界面的提示。具体地，振动效应或振动触觉效应可以用于对电子装置的用户提供提示以使用户警惕特定事件，或者提供现实的反馈(realistic feedback)以在模拟或虚拟环境中产生更强的感官沉浸。
触觉反馈也已经被越来越多地并入在便携式电子装置中，例如移动电话、个人数据助理(PDA)、便携式游戏机以及多种其它便携式电子装置。例如，一些便携式游戏应用能够以类似于用于设置成提供触觉反馈的较大规模的游戏系统的控制装置(例如操纵杆等)的方式进行振动。另外，诸如移动电话和PDA的装置能够通过振动方式来对用户提供多种警告。例如，移动电话可以通过振动警告用户有电话打进。类似地，PDA可以警告用户排定的日历项目，或提醒用户注意“要做的事”清单项目或日历约会(appointment)。
在很多装置中，致动器被用于产生包括一些触觉效应的振动。经常用于便携式电子装置的一种类型的致动器是线性谐振致动器(“LRA”)。一般地，LRA要求双向信号(即，交替的正电压和负电压信号)以便产生想要的振动。然而，大多数便携式电子装置只产生直流电流，从而需要特殊驱动电路来产生双向信号。典型的电路包括H-桥，该H-桥为包括四个开关的电路。然而，对于便携式装置，成本是重要的驱动因素，而四个开关的成本比例可能相对高于便携式装置的其余部分。
基于前文，存在对用于产生触觉效应的更便宜的致动器和驱动电路的需要。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施方式是包括线性谐振致动器以及驱动电路的触觉反馈生成系统。该驱动电路适合于输出将被施加到线性谐振致动器的单向信号。作为响应，该线性谐振致动器产生触觉振动。
附图说明
图1为依据本发明的一个实施方式的移动电话的框图。
图2为依据本发明的一个实施方式的耦合到驱动电路的致动器的横截面图。
图3为依据本发明的一个实施方式的驱动电路的电路图。
图4为驱动信号对时间的曲线图，其例示了由依据本发明的一个实施方式的电路产生的单向信号和现有技术的双向信号的对比。
图5a和5b示出了由单向信号驱动的LRA的浮标组件(floaterassembly)的运动范围。
具体实施方式
本发明的一个实施方式是带有单向驱动电路的致动器。该驱动电路只需要一个开关，这与用于产生触觉效应的已知致动器和驱动电路相比，降低了成本。
图1为依据本发明的一个实施方式的移动电话10的框图。电话10包括屏幕11和键13。在一个实施方式中，键13为机械型键。在另一个实施方式中，键13可以由触摸屏幕实现以便键13为触摸屏幕键，或者可以使用任何方法实施。电话10的内部是在电话10上产生振动的触觉反馈系统。在一个实施方式中，在整个电话10上产生振动。在其它实施方式中，电话10的特定部分可以被触觉反馈系统、包括键13的单个键触觉地启动，而无论键是机械定向的、触摸屏幕的还是其它一些类型的实现方式。
触觉反馈系统包括处理器12。耦合到处理器12的是存储器20以及耦合到振动致动器18的致动器驱动电路16。虽然图1的实施方式为移动电话，但是本发明的实施方式可以用任何类型的手持通话器(handset)或移动/便携式装置或者任何使用致动器产生振动的装置来实施。
处理器12可以为任何类型的通用处理器，或者可以为具体设计成提供触觉效应的处理器，例如专用集成电路(“ASIC”)。处理器12可以是操作整个电话10的相同的处理器，或者可以是分离的处理器。处理器12可以决定将产生(play)何种触觉效应，并基于高级参数决定效应被产生的顺序。总之，定义具体的触觉效应的高级参数包括幅度、频率和延续时间。
处理器12向驱动电路16输出控制信号，该驱动电路16包括电子元件和电路系统(circuitry)，以用于为致动器18提供要求的电气电流和电压以引起所期望的触觉效应。振动致动器18是在电话10上产生振动的触觉装置。致动器18可以包括一个或多个力施加机构，该力施加机构能够(例如经过电话10的外壳)对电话10的用户施加振动触觉的力。存储器装置20可以为任何类型的存储装置，例如随机存取存储器(“RAM”)或只读存储器(“ROM”)。存储器装置20储存由处理器12执行的指令。存储器装置20也可以位于处理器12的内部，或者是内部和外部存储器的任何组合。
图2为依据本发明的一个实施方式的耦合到驱动电路16的致动器18的横截面图。致动器18为线性谐振致动器(“LRA”)，并且包括环形磁性线圈36以及环形浮标组件32。组件32包括磁体(丸形或圆盘形(puck-shaped))、磁通量返回路径元件(例如软铁杯)以及包括例如钨的环形块元件(annular mass element)。组件32被耦合到弹簧31，该弹簧31被耦合到壳体(case)38。在操作中，线圈36被驱动电路16激发，这引起组件32顶着弹簧31在箭头方向向上和向下移动。这种向上和向下动作引起壳体38振动。
如以下将更详细公开的，在本发明的实施方式中，驱动电路16向致动器18输出单向(即，总是正电压)信号。因此，驱动电路16可以使用单独的开关产生单向信号，与现有技术的驱动电路形成对照，其中现有技术的驱动电路产生双向信号并因此要求H-桥或类似的复杂电路系统以产生正电压和负电压。在一个实施方式中，该单向信号为正弦波或矩形波。
图3为依据本发明的一个实施方式的驱动电路16的电路图。来自处理器12的输出触觉信号被输入到电阻器41，该电阻器41被耦合到NPN晶体管43的基极。该晶体管43的基极通过电阻器42进一步耦合到地。晶体管43的发射极耦合到地，并且晶体管43的集电极耦合到肖特基二极管(Schottky diode)44的阳极。二极管44的阴极耦合到电压。二极管44的阳极和阴极耦合到致动器18的每个终端。
图4为驱动信号对时间的曲线图，其例示了由依据本发明的实施方式的电路16产生的单向信号和现有技术的双向信号的对比。信号50为现有技术的双向信号，并且其在1到-1伏特之间波动。信号60为依据本发明的一个实施方式的单向信号，并且其在0到2伏特之间波动。在其它实施方式中，信号50可以是在负和正之间变化的任何电压，并且信号60可以是总为正的任何电压。
单向信号60在一个方向施加所有的驱动力。在秋千上推孩子的模拟可以被用于将单向信号60和双向信号50进行比较。双向信号50等于在周期的两边推秋千。相比之下，单向信号60等于在秋千周期的一边同样用力地推两次。
在一个实施方式中，使用单向信号60驱动已知的LRA可引起图2的浮标组件32的移动被偏移。这可能由于在壳体38中的受限制的运动范围而引起问题。图5a例示了依据本发明的一个实施方式由单向信号驱动的LRA的浮标组件71的运动范围(椭圆72)。如图所示，运动范围被偏移了。
与此相反，在图5b中示出的本发明的一个实施方式中，LRA的弹簧83被偏移，使得处于平衡中的浮标组件81离LRA的壳体的顶部更远。因此，运动范围(椭圆82)甚至在应用单向信号时是对称的。在其它实施方式中，可以使用非线性弹簧以限制块在一个方向的运动范围。
本文具体地例示和/或描述了本发明的若干个实施方式。然而，应当理解，本发明的修改和变化被上述教示所覆盖，并且在附加权利要求的范围内，而不背离于本发明的精神和预期的范围。
例如，上面公开的一些实施方式是在移动电话中实施的，该移动电话为可以被抓住、紧握或以其它形式被用户物理地接触和操纵的物体。同样，本发明可以被应用在可以被用户类似地操纵的其它触觉启动的输入和/或输出装置上。这些其它装置可以包括触摸屏幕(汽车上的全球定位系统(“GPS”)导航器屏幕、自动柜员机(“ATM”)显示屏幕)、用于控制电子设备(音频/视频、车库门、家用防盗器等等)的遥控器以及游戏控制器(操纵杆、鼠标、专用控制器等等)。这种输入和/或输出装置的操作对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的。

Claims (23)

1.一种触觉反馈发生系统，其包括：
线性谐振致动器；以及
驱动电路，其耦合到所述线性谐振致动器，所述驱动电路适合于输出单向信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述线性谐振致动器适合于接收单向信号并产生振动作为响应。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，所述驱动电路由开关组成。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，所述线性谐振致动器包括弹簧、磁性线圈以及浮标组件。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述弹簧被偏移。
6.如权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述弹簧为非线性的。
8.如权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述浮标组件包括磁体。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述信号包括振动的幅度、频率和延续时间。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述驱动电路组成由晶体管、耦合到所述晶体管的二极管以及耦合到所述晶体管的第一和第二电阻组成。
11.一种产生触觉效应的方法，其包括：
产生单向信号；
将所述单向信号施加到线性谐振致动器；以及
基于所述单向信号，在所述线性谐振致动器产生振动。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述单向信号由大于或等于零的电压组成。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述单向信号包括振动的幅度、频率和延续时间。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述单向信号包括正弦波。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述单向信号包括方波。
16.一种便携式装置，其包括：
线性谐振致动器；
驱动电路，其耦合到所述线性谐振致动器，所述驱动电路适合于输出单向信号；以及
处理器，其耦合到所述线性谐振致动器。
17.如权利要求16所述的便携式装置，其中，所述线性谐振致动器适合于接收所述单向信号并产生振动作为响应。
18.如权利要求16所述的便携式装置，所述驱动电路由开关组成。
19.如权利要求16所述的便携式装置，所述线性谐振致动器包括弹簧、磁性线圈以及浮标组件。
20.如权利要求19所述的便携式装置，其中，所述弹簧被偏移。
21.如权利要求19所述的便携式装置，其中，所述弹簧为非线性的。
22.如权利要求19所述的便携式装置，其中，所述浮标组件包括磁体。
23.如权利要求16所述的便携式装置，其中，所述信号包括振动的幅度、频率和延续时间。
24.如权利要求16所述的便携式装置，其中，所述处理器被编程，以便基于高级触觉参数产生输入到所述驱动电路的控制信号。
CN200880010775XA 2007-04-10 2008-03-14 带有单向驱动的振动致动器 Expired - Fee Related CN101663104B (zh)

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US11/733,453 US8378965B2 (en) 2007-04-10 2007-04-10 Vibration actuator with a unidirectional drive
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PCT/US2008/056994 WO2008124251A2 (en) 2007-04-10 2008-03-14 Vibration actuator with a unidirectional drive

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CN104020844A (zh) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 英默森公司 具有线性共振致动器的触觉设备
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WO2008124251A3 (en) 2009-08-13

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