CN101650358A - Gunpowder combustion property test device under pressure reduction condition - Google Patents
Gunpowder combustion property test device under pressure reduction condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN101650358A CN101650358A CN200910023951A CN200910023951A CN101650358A CN 101650358 A CN101650358 A CN 101650358A CN 200910023951 A CN200910023951 A CN 200910023951A CN 200910023951 A CN200910023951 A CN 200910023951A CN 101650358 A CN101650358 A CN 101650358A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gunpowder combustion property test device under pressure reduction condition, wherein, a watch window, a pressure discharge component, a pressure sensor and an igniting component are arranged on a combustion chamber of the device; the pressure discharge component is communicated with a pressure gas buffer tank which is filled with certain-pressure nitrogen and a high-speed camera can shoot combustion process of gunpowder sample through optical lens and the watch window; when the gas pressure in the combustion chamber reaches the pressure-proof critical value of the pressure discharge component by the combustion of gunpowder sample, the pressure discharge component discharges the gas in the combustion chamber into the pressure gas buffer tank; a data collection system collects and records the data output by the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera; and an operator can obtain related property parameters of the gunpowder sample based on analysis and calculation of recorded data. The invention can measure the combustion speed, flameout state and parameters of gunpowder under different pressures and pressure reduction rates and has the outstanding advantages of high measurement pressure, large regulating range of pressure reduction rate, low test cost and wide application scope.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiery explosive technical field, relate to a kind of gunpowder unstable state combustion characteristics proving installation, relate in particular to the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under a kind of pressure reduction condition.
Background technology
In the gunpowder practical application area, the burning of gunpowder is carried out under unstable state mostly, as the burning (hugging) under ignition process, the pressure change condition, gunpowder in air-flow burning and flame-out etc. all are non-stable state combustion processes.The unstable state burning may be caused by any external condition, and the external condition of promptly any destruction stable state combustion relation all can cause the unstable state burning.In the various p-t curves that powder burning test obtains, can clearly find the unstable state combustion phenomena, have plenty of because anxious the increasing of pressure causes, have plenty of because pressure drop causes.Wherein the most important thing is the unstable state combustion problem when decompression force reduces, this is very useful to the reliability that guarantees rocket engine, because plunging of pressure may cause engine kill and quit work, or the abnormality of combustion occurs breathing heavily.For cannon, the whole combustion process of gun propellant also belongs to the unstable state burning, promptly beginning from igniting is exactly unstable state, the rapid rising of pressure subsequently and to reach the rapid decline of pressure of maximum pressure point back also be unstable state, the rapid decline of pressure of this moment might cause the rapid decline of gunpowder combustion speed, thereby occurs the incomplete phenomenon of powder burning when cannon is launched.Therefore, the powder burning situation of research gunpowder under sharply decline situation of pressure has realistic meaning.
1961, the American is in the experiment combustion experiment chamber of strictness simulation real engine, carried out the quick step-down transition experimental study of system first, obtained quick step-down, thereby obtained the flame-out mechanism and the conclusion of several gunpowder by throwing open the firing chamber vent hole.This firing chamber original pressure is in 3.4MPa～8.2MPa scope, the minimum 466.4Pa that reaches of environmental pressure.American experimental provision is primarily aimed at solid propellant and sets up in the problem that rocket engine use to occur, and firing chamber original pressure, pressure fall off rate, final environmental pressure etc. are not expanded, thereby its application is very restricted.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, at existing similar gunpowder pressure original pressure narrow range and the flame-out few problem of environmental pressure point of final gunpowder that the experimental provision of burning exists that descend, provide the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under a kind of pressure reduction condition.This proving installation not only can be ended the rate of pressure reduction of back control powder gases at powder burning, and can control and observe that gunpowder is whether flame-out, whether perfect combustion, various states such as discontinuous combustion whether, can also measure the burning behavior that powder burning speed and the gunpowder pressure of gunpowder in the different pressures last transition drops to atmospheric pressure or other set pressure point simultaneously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, proving installation provided by the invention comprises firing chamber, ignition module, pressure release assembly, pressure transducer, the view window that contains high pressure resistant glass, semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames, high-speed camera, light source, pressed gas surge tank, data acquisition system (DAS) and isochronous controller, described pressure release assembly contains jet pipe, jam and spout, and jam and spout all are fixed in the inner chamber of jet pipe; Be sealed and installed with described ignition module and described pressure transducer on the described side wall of combustion chamber, firing chamber two ends longitudinally then seals described pressure release assembly of installation and described view window respectively, and tested gunpowder sample is cylindrical and vertically is close to by an organic glass sheet on the surface of the described high pressure resistant glass that is positioned at firing chamber inner chamber one end; First interface that is filled with the gas of certain pressure and pressed gas surge tank in the described pressed gas surge tank releases end with the gas of described pressure release assembly and is connected; Described semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames is placed between described light source and the described view window, the light that light source sends is through shining after the semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames transmission on the described tested gunpowder sample, and the light that comes from described tested gunpowder sample is then reflexed in the described high-speed camera and by imaging by described semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames behind described view window; Described isochronous controller produces trigger pip and controls described ignition module, high-speed camera and data collection system synchronizing and starts; After described tested gunpowder sample was lighted by described ignition module, the burning gases of its generation were exerted pressure to described jam through described spout, puncture jam and leak in the described pressed gas surge tank when the pressure of this gas reaches the pressure threshold of jam; In tested gunpowder sample combustion process, the pressure that described pressure transducer is tested described firing chamber inner chamber changes, described high-speed camera is taken the burning image of tested gunpowder sample, described data acquisition system (DAS) is gathered the output of described pressure transducer and described high-speed camera simultaneously, respectively the pressure testing data that collects and burning image data are sent to respectively in the corresponding data file in the storer, and on the graphic presentation control, show the pressure time histories of being gathered in real time.
According to the present invention, described jam is that one group of thickness of being made by metal material is that 0.1mm～0.73mm, diameter are the disk of 18mm, should select one according to the pressure release pressure that experimental test requires; Described spout is one group of identical copper pipe of external diameter 22mm, internal diameter 1mm～8mm and thickness, should select one according to pressure release pressure and pressure release speed that experimental test requires.
According to the present invention, also comprise a nitrogen cylinder that the 15MPa high pure nitrogen is housed, the air valve of described nitrogen cylinder is connected with second interface of described pressed gas surge tank; Described pressed gas surge tank is provided with the 3rd interface and this interface is connected with the drain tap that leads to atmospheric environment.
The present invention also comprises the grating of a reticulate body, and this grating is installed in the described jet pipe and is adjacent with the inner chamber of described firing chamber.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in the following aspects.
(1) the present invention has disposed view window and pressure release assembly on the common basis of behavior of powder test with the firing chamber, simultaneously, the outside, firing chamber has also disposed semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames, light source and high-speed camera, and the pressure release assembly can provide the burning situation of pressure decline for tested gunpowder sample; View window cooperates with semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames and light source can make high-speed camera can clearly photograph the combustion process and the flameout state of tested gunpowder sample; Data acquisition system (DAS) among the present invention both can have been gathered the time dependent pressure data that the pressure transducer test obtains, but also can gather and record the view data of high-speed camera output, finally make the present invention realize the function that to test behavior of powder under the pressure reduction condition, thereby opened up the new method of gunpowder unstable state combustion research, saved research funding greatly.
(2) the present invention has all taked seal approach to four assemblies installing on the firing chamber, simultaneously, the transparent body of view window has adopted extraordinary quartz glass, thereby can make the firing chamber reach the hyperbaric environment of 200MPa, provide technical support for taking and study the combustion characteristics and the flameout state of gunpowder under hyperbaric environment.
(3) the present invention is provided with one group of jam and one group of spout that internal diameter is different that material is different with thickness in the pressure release assembly, by selecting different jams and spout, can regulate and control the pressure release pressure and the pressure release speed of experimental test, thereby the rate of change of chamber pressure decline can be reached ± 10
5MPa/s.
(4) the present invention also in the exterior arrangement of firing chamber pressed gas surge tank and nitrogen cylinder, simultaneously on the pressed gas surge tank, be provided with drain tap, pour the nitrogen of different amounts for the pressed gas surge tank by nitrogen cylinder, remain under the pressure environment of 0～15MPa after can controlling the firing chamber pressure release, by opening the drain tap on the pressed gas surge tank, the firing chamber pressure release is remained under the atmospheric environment afterwards.Thereby compared with prior art, range of application of the present invention is more wide.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition and the mutual relationship synoptic diagram thereof of proving installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the structure of firing chamber and each parts that link to each other thereof is formed and the annexation synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise firing chamber 1, ignition module 2, pressure release assembly 3, pressure transducer 4, view window 5, semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6, high-speed camera 7, charge amplifier 8, data acquisition system (DAS) 9, isochronous controller 10, nitrogen cylinder 11, light source 12, pressed gas surge tank 13.
According to shown in Figure 2, firing chamber 1 is to be the cylindrical cavity body of 50mL by about volume that special steel is processed into, and has ignition module on two positions of its sidewall symmetry screw and sensor installation screw are installed; Two vertical terminations are respectively equipped with the pressure release assembly screw and view window installation screw are installed.
Again referring to Fig. 1, steel cylinder about about volume 10L that pressed gas surge tank 13 is made up of 3 interfaces, its first interface is connected with the anemostat 3-1 of pressure release assembly 3, second interface is connected with nitrogen cylinder 11 by pipeline, the 3rd interface is connected with drain tap, and opening drain tap can be with the gaseous emission in the pressed gas surge tank 13 in atmospheric environment on every side; Tensimeter also is housed, to show the gaseous tension in it on the pressed gas surge tank 13.The high pure nitrogen that pressure is 15MPa is housed in the nitrogen cylinder 11, and the valve of opening nitrogen cylinder 11 can be filled the nitrogen of certain pressure in pressed gas surge tank 13, makes pressed gas surge tank 13 keep required fixation pressure.Semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6 is selected the prism form for use and is positioned at the outside of firing chamber 1, on the longitudinal axis extension line of the view window 5 that this mirror is installed in and reflecting surface and this longitudinal axis angle at 45, the camera lens of light source 12 and high-speed camera instrument 7 is placed on top and right-hand (the pressing the drawing definition) of semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6 respectively, and the light that light source 12 sends is transmitted in the firing chamber 1 through semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6 and illuminates tested gunpowder sample 14; And reflex to by semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6 through view window 5 backs from the light of tested gunpowder sample 14 in the firing chamber 1 in the camera lens of high-speed camera instrument 7 and by imaging.The shooting speed of high-speed camera instrument 7 is 1000 width of cloth/second～20000 width of cloth/second and is connected to by data line on the port of isochronous controller 10.Light source 12 is the bulb of 500W and passes through the tested gunpowder sample 14 of semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6 irradiations, so that high-speed camera instrument 7 can clearly photograph the combustion process of tested gunpowder sample 14.Isochronous controller 10 can produce the 5V DC voltage and three output ports are arranged, its first output port starts high-speed camera 7 by gauge tap and begins to take, second output port begins to gather corresponding experimental test data by gauge tap log-on data acquisition system 9, and the 3rd output port is lighted tested gunpowder sample 14 by gauge tap starting ignition assembly 2; The output signal of these three output ports is sent by same gauge tap, and this has just guaranteed the synchronism of three output port signals, thereby has just guaranteed that also high-speed camera instrument 7, data acquisition system (DAS) 9, ignition module 2 are activated at synchronization.
Data acquisition system (DAS) 9 is for being equipped with the computer system of high-speed collection card, 1000M network interface card, image acquisition control, graphic presentation control and storer.Its major function is, finishes time dependent pressure testing data to pressure transducer 4 outputs by data collecting card, gathers the burning image data of the tested gunpowder sample 14 that high-speed camera instrument 7 takes by the image acquisition control; The pressure testing data that collects and burning image data are sent to respectively in the corresponding data file in the storer; On the graphic presentation control, show the pressure time histories in the firing chamber 1 in real time.
The using method and the principle of work of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
The first, before employing preferred embodiment of the present invention proving installation carries out experimental test, need carry out the preparation of the preparation of tested gunpowder sample 14, combustion-supporting medicine weighing, the preparation of ignition module 2.The preparation of tested gunpowder sample 14 is that tested gunpowder sample 14 is processed into the right cylinder that diameter is 6mm～10mm, the about 15mm of length, in order to guarantee tested gunpowder sample 14 side burnings and shooting effect, need carry out polishing to the end face of this sample 14; The preparation of combustion-supporting medicine weighing is the size according to required pressure release value, with the combustion-supporting medicine of the accurate weighing of analytical balance to 0.001g; The preparation of ignition module 2 is to be that the nickel chromium triangle ignition wire of 0.1mm is connected conductor rod 2-4 with diameter, uses the multimeter inspection, guarantees that contact is good, and load weighted black powder is poured in the coyote hole, seals coyote hole with barium sulphate paper.
The second, opening power makes this proving installation begin preheating.With ready tested gunpowder sample 14 and organic glass sheet 5-1 diameter is that the copper wire of 0.8mm is fixed on the end face of high pressure resistant glass 5-2, then view window 5 is screwed in one of firing chambers 1 vertically end and compress with spanner.To compress in the screw of ready ignition module 2 screw-in firing chambers 1 sidewall and with spanner.To compress in another screw of pressure transducer 4 screw-in firing chambers 1 sidewall and with spanner.
Three, pressure release force value and the jam 3-3 of pressure release speed selection respective thickness and the spout 3-5 of respective aperture that requires according to experimental test, and be installed in the jet pipe 3-2, then will be in advance load weighted combustion-supporting medicine pour the inner chamber of firing chamber 1 into, another that again pressure release assembly 3 is installed to firing chamber 1 be end and compress with spanner vertically.
Four, anemostat 3-1 is connected to first interface of pressed gas surge tank 13.Open nitrogen cylinder 11 inflated with nitrogen in pressed gas surge tank 13, make it reach the required pressure release force value of experimental test.If it is 1 atmospheric pressure that experimental test requires the pressure release force value, then the drain tap on pressed gas surge tank 13 the 3rd interface can be opened.
Five, adjust light source 12 and semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames 6, make the camera lens of high-speed camera instrument 7 photograph tested gunpowder sample 14 at the external energy of view window 5, adjust shooting speed, aperture and the shutter of high-speed camera instrument 7 simultaneously, and be connected to by data line on first output port of isochronous controller 10.
Six, 1 outside in the firing chamber is drawn two harness with ignition module 2 and is connected on the 3rd output port of isochronous controller 10.With the input and output side of charge amplifier 8 by data line respectively with the port of the output terminal of pressure transducer 4 and data acquisition system (DAS) 9 on, data acquisition system (DAS) 9 finally is connected on second output port of isochronous controller 10 again.
Seven, start isochronous controller 10, ignition module 2, data acquisition system (DAS) 9 and high-speed camera 7 are started simultaneously; At this moment, tested gunpowder sample 14 and combustion-supporting medicine are lighted, the burning gases that tested gunpowder sample 14 and the burning of combustion-supporting medicine are produced are exerted pressure to jam 3-3 behind grating 3-7 and spout 3-5, when this pressure reaches the pressure-bearing critical value of jam 3-3, jam 3-3 is punctured by gases at high pressure, cause the high pressure in 1 inner chamber of firing chamber to be let out to pressed gas surge tank 13, two kinds of situations may appear afterwards, a kind of is that tested gunpowder sample 14 is flame-out under situation about not burning down, and another kind is that tested gunpowder sample 14 is intact just flame-out up to whole burnings.And data acquisition system (DAS) 9 just begins to gather and write down the pressure testing data of pressure transducer 4 outputs and the powder burning view data of high-speed camera 7 outputs after receiving synchronous triggering signal, stops after tested gunpowder sample 14 stops working.
Eight, the tester can access relevant data file playback test process by data acquisition system (DAS) 9, by corresponding analysis and judgement and calculating, finally obtain the burning rate under the maximum pressure of tested gunpowder sample 14, maximum fall off rate and this speed, flame-out pressure and burnout time.
The three routine test findings that obtain with reference to preferred embodiment of the present invention using method have been provided below.
Example 1: at different maximum pressure P
HAnd different maximum fall off rate
Down, pressure drops to P
K=0.1MPa is promptly under 1 atmospheric pressure, and test diameter is that 7.5mm, length are that the fired state of the gunpowder sample (dinitrotoluene (DNT) 11%, other is 5% years old for nitrocotton 56%, nitroglycerine 28%) of 15mm is shown in table 1.
Table 1
Example 2: at different maximum pressure P
H(30MPa and 100MPa), different maximum fall off rate
Down, pressure drops to P
K＞0.1MPa is promptly greater than under 1 atmospheric pressure, h=P
K/ P
H=(0.08～0.5), test diameter are that 7.5mm, length are that the fired state of the gunpowder sample (dinitrotoluene (DNT) 11%, other is 5% years old for nitrocotton 56%, nitroglycerine 28%) of 15mm is shown in table 2.
Table 2
Example 3: a kind of diameter is that 8mm, length are that burning rate and the burnout time of double-base powder sample under the different pressures fall off rate of 15mm is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Claims (5)
1. the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under the pressure reduction condition, comprise firing chamber [1], ignition module [2], pressure transducer [4], data acquisition system (DAS) [9] and isochronous controller [10], it is characterized in that: also comprise pressure release assembly [3], contain the view window [5] of high pressure resistant glass [5-2], semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames [6], high-speed camera [7], light source [12] and pressed gas surge tank [13], described pressure release assembly [3] contains jet pipe [3-2], jam [3-3] and spout [3-5], and jam [3-3] and spout [3-5] all are fixed in the inner chamber of jet pipe [3-2]; Be sealed and installed with described ignition module [2] and described pressure transducer [4] on the sidewall of described firing chamber [1], firing chamber [1] two ends longitudinally then seals installation described pressure release assembly [3] and described view window [5] respectively, and tested gunpowder sample [14] is cylindrical and vertically is close to by an organic glass sheet [5-1] on the surface of the described high pressure resistant glass [5-2] that is positioned at firing chamber [1] inner chamber one end; First interface that is filled with the gas of certain pressure and pressed gas surge tank [13] in the described pressed gas surge tank [13] releases end with the gas of described pressure release assembly [3] and is connected; Described semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames [6] is placed between described light source [12] and the described view window [5], the light that light source [12] sends shines on the described tested gunpowder sample [14] after semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames [6] transmission, and the light that comes from described tested gunpowder sample [14] is then reflexed in the described high-speed camera [7] and by imaging by described semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical frames [6] behind described view window [5]; Described isochronous controller [10] produces trigger pip and controls described ignition module [2], high-speed camera [7] and data acquisition system (DAS) [9] and starts synchronously; After described tested gunpowder sample [14] is lighted by described ignition module [2], the burning gases of its generation are exerted pressure to described jam [3-3] through described spouts [3-5], puncture jam [3-3] and leak in the described pressed gas surge tank [13] when the pressure of this gas reaches the pressure threshold of jam [3-3]; In tested gunpowder sample [14] combustion process, the pressure that described pressure transducer [4] is tested described firing chamber [1] inner chamber changes, described high-speed camera [7] is taken the burning image of tested gunpowder sample [14], described data acquisition system (DAS) [9] is gathered the output of described pressure transducer [4] and described high-speed camera [7] simultaneously, respectively the pressure testing data that collects and burning image data are sent to respectively in the corresponding data file in the storer, and on the graphic presentation control, show the pressure time histories of being gathered in real time.
2. the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under the pressure reduction condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described jam [3-3] is that one group of thickness of being made by metal material is that 0.1mm～0.73mm, diameter are the disk of 18mm, should select one according to the pressure release pressure that experimental test requires; Described spout [3-5] is one group of identical copper pipe of external diameter 22mm, internal diameter 1mm～8mm and thickness, should select one according to pressure release pressure and pressure release speed that experimental test requires.
3. the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under the pressure reduction condition according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise a nitrogen cylinder [11] that the 15MPa high pure nitrogen is housed, the air valve of described nitrogen cylinder [11] is connected with second interface of described pressed gas surge tank [13]; Described pressed gas surge tank [13] is provided with the 3rd interface and this interface is connected with the drain tap that leads to atmospheric environment.
4. the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under the pressure reduction condition according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: also comprise the grating [3-7] of a reticulate body, this grating is installed in the described jet pipe [3-2] and is adjacent with the inner chamber of described firing chamber [1].
5. the device for testing powder combustion characteristics under the pressure reduction condition according to claim 3 is characterized in that: also comprise the grating [3-7] of a reticulate body, this grating is installed in the described jet pipe [3-2] and is adjacent with the inner chamber of described firing chamber [1].
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Cited By (16)
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