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CN101648562B - 电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法 - Google Patents

电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法 Download PDF

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CN101648562B
CN101648562B CN200910192041A CN200910192041A CN101648562B CN 101648562 B CN101648562 B CN 101648562B CN 200910192041 A CN200910192041 A CN 200910192041A CN 200910192041 A CN200910192041 A CN 200910192041A CN 101648562 B CN101648562 B CN 101648562B
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speed
speed ratio
ratio value
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CN101648562A (zh
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陈志鹏
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Chery Holding Group Co Ltd
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SAIC Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2010/076589 priority patent/WO2011026435A1/zh
Priority to JP2012527195A priority patent/JP5410610B2/ja
Priority to KR1020127001067A priority patent/KR101576160B1/ko
Priority to EP10813357.0A priority patent/EP2474457B1/en
Priority to BRPI1015193-1A priority patent/BRPI1015193B1/pt
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/107—Infinitely variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/081—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/081—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1005—Transmission ratio engaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1061—Output power

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的是提出一种适合电动汽车的无级变速器的速比控制方法，以使电动机能够更好地发挥其性能。上述速比控制方法的关键之处在于包括如下步骤：控制器实时采集加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值，并根据加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值调节电动机转速或者无级变速器的速比值，使电动机在满足整车动力需求的前提下，工作在高效转速范围内。本发明的速比控制方法通过合理的速比值控制和电动机转速调节，使变速器与电动机更加匹配，在保证整车动力需求的基础上优化了电动机的效率，使动力系统工作在最佳状态，从而改善了能量利用效率和驾驶的操控性。

Description

电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车制造技术领域，特别涉及到电动汽车变速器的速比控制方法。
背景技术
现在很多内燃机汽车已经开始使用无级变速器，无级变速器速比的连续变化，使整车具有连续改变动力系统驱动输出转矩与转速的能力以适应外界功率需求的变化。相比于传统的手动变速器的变速，无级变速器的速比变化的控制完全依赖于节气门踏板，根据节气门踏板开度和发动机最佳特性曲线确定目标速比，以控制无级变速器的实际速比。为了弥补动力系响应滞后，现在的无级变速器根据车辆速度来修正目标CVT速比，即根据车辆行驶状态的节气门开度和车速来决定是否改变无级变速器的速比。
随着石油资源的日益枯竭和人们环保意识的增强，电动汽车已经越来越受到人们的欢迎，目前的电动汽车一般采用单速比或两速比换档机构，不能有效调节电动机的工作区间，致使电动机无法稳定工作在最高效的区间，这就需要电动汽车也采用无级变速器以更好地发挥电动机的性能，但是传统内燃机汽车的无级变速器的控制方法的参考目标与电动汽车不同，因此无法在电动汽车上直接采用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种适合电动汽车的无级变速器的速比控制方法，以使电动机能够更好地发挥其性能。
本发明的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法的关键之处在于包括如下步骤：控制器实时采集加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值，并根据加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值调节电动机转速或者无级变速器的速比值，使电动机在满足整车动力需求的前提下，工作在高效转速范围内。
电动机都有一个高效转速范围，只有当电动机转速在此转速范围内时，电动机才能最好的发挥其性能。加速踏板开度信号相当于电动机的目标转速，代表了驾驶者的意图，加速踏板开度变大就表示驾驶者要加速或者提高扭矩。结合加速踏板开度和当前的速比值即可得知驾驶者的需求功率或扭矩，在保证整车动力需求的前提下，就可以综合调节速比值和转速，使电动机工作在高效转速范围内，从而更好地发挥电动机的性能。
上述控制方法中，若加速踏板开度所对应的目标转速在电动机高效转速范围内，控制器保持无级变速器的速比值不变，将电动机当前转速调整到目标转速；若加速踏板开度所对应的目标转速未在电动机高效转速范围内，控制器首先根据目标转速与当前无级变速器的速比值计算出需求功率，然后根据计算结果调整电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，并且使调整后的电动机转速处于高效转速范围内。
更具体的说，若加速踏板开度所对应的目标转速未在电动机高效转速范围内，控制器首先根据目标转速与当前无级变速器的速比值计算出需求功率，然后将电动机转速调整到电动机高效转速范围内，最后调整无级变速器的速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，若速比值已经调整到极限值仍然不能满足调整后的输出功率等于需求功率的条件，则将速比值保持在极限值，继续调整电动机转速，直到调整后的输出功率等于需求功率。
上述需求功率与目标转速和当前速比值的商成正比，输出功率与当前转速和当前速比值的商成正比。
因为有时驾驶者加大速踏板开度的目的是为了提高扭矩，例如在上坡时深踩加速踏板，为满足上述目的，控制器还实时采集车速信息，当目标转速高于当前转速，且调整后预定时间内车速未提高时，则控制器控制无级变速器提高速比值。这样驾驶者只要一直深踩加速踏板，电动机的转速就会不断升高，但是因为负载的原因，车速并没有提高，此时提高速比值，就能够加大汽车的扭矩，满足驾驶者的需求。
为了提高驾驶的操控性，上述目标转速与当前转速的差值越大，则速比值的调整变化率就越大，所述速比值的调整变化率为单位时间内速比值的变化值。通过改变速比值的调整变化率，可以改变汽车的加速时间，改善驾驶的操控性。
本发明的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法通过合理的速比值控制和电动机转速调节，使变速器与电动机更加匹配，在保证整车动力需求的基础上优化了电动机的效率，使动力系统工作在最佳状态，从而改善了能量利用效率和驾驶的操控性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图来详细说明本发明。
实施例1：
如图1所示，本实施例的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法具体包括如下步骤：
A：控制器实时采集加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值；
B：若加速踏板开度所对应的电动机目标转速在高效转速范围内，控制器控制无级变速器的速比值保持不变，并将电动机的转速调整到目标转速；
C：若加速踏板开度所对应的电动机目标转速未在高效转速范围内，控制器首先根据目标转速与当前无级变速器的速比值计算出需求功率，然后执行下述C1、C2步骤：
C1：若电动机当前转速低于高效转速范围，控制器首先将电动机转速提高至高效转速范围内，然后降低速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，若速比值已经降到最小值仍然不能满足调整后的输出功率等于需求功率的条件，则将速比值保持在最小值，提高电动机转速，直到调整后的输出功率等于需求功率；
C2：若电动机当前转速高于高效转速范围，控制器首先将电动机转速降至高效转速范围内，然后提高速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，若速比值已经升高到最大值仍然不能满足调整后的输出功率等于需求功率的条件，则将速比值保持在最大值，降低电动机转速，直到调整后的输出功率等于需求功率。
上述需求功率与目标转速和当前速比值的商成正比，输出功率与当前转速和当前速比值的商成正比。

Claims (7)

1.一种电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于控制器实时采集加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值，并根据加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值调节电动机转速或者无级变速器的速比值，使电动机在满足整车动力需求的前提下，工作在高效转速范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：若加速踏板开度所对应的目标转速在电动机高效转速范围内，控制器保持无级变速器的速比值不变，将电动机当前转速调整到目标转速；若加速踏板开度所对应的目标转速未在电动机高效转速范围内，控制器首先根据目标转速与当前无级变速器的速比值计算出需求功率，然后根据计算结果调整电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，并且使调整后的电动机转速处于高效转速范围内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于若加速踏板开度所对应的目标转速未在电动机高效转速范围内，控制器首先根据目标转速与当前无级变速器的速比值计算出需求功率，然后将电动机转速调整到电动机高效转速范围内，最后调整无级变速器的速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，若速比值已经调整到极限值仍然不能满足调整后的输出功率等于需求功率的条件，则将速比值保持在极限值，继续调整电动机转速，直到调整后的输出功率等于需求功率。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于所述需求功率与目标转速和当前速比值的商成正比，输出功率与当前转速和当前速比值的商成正比。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于控制器还实时采集车速信息，当目标转速高于当前转速，且调整后预定时间内车速未提高时，则控制器控制无级变速器提高速比值。
6.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于所述目标转速与当前转速的差值越大，则速比值的调整变化率就越大，所述速比值的调整变化率为单位时间内速比值的变化值。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的电动汽车无级变速器的速比控制方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
A：控制器实时采集加速踏板开度信号、电动机转速和无级变速器的速比值；
B：若加速踏板开度所对应的电动机目标转速在高效转速范围内，控制器控制无级变速器的速比值保持不变，并将电动机的转速调整到目标转速；
C：若加速踏板开度所对应的电动机目标转速未在高效转速范围内，控制器首先根据目标转速与当前无级变速器的速比值计算出需求功率，然后执行下述C1、C2步骤：
C1：若电动机当前转速低于高效转速范围，控制器首先将电动机转速提高至高效转速范围内，然后降低速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，若速比值已经降到最小值仍然不能满足调整后的输出功率等于需求功率的条件，则将速比值保持在最小值，提高电动机转速，直到调整后的输出功率等于需求功率；
C2：若电动机当前转速高于高效转速范围，控制器首先将电动机转速降至高效转速范围内，然后提高速比值，使得调整后的输出功率等于需求功率，若速比值已经升高到最大值仍然不能满足调整后的输出功率等于需求功率的条件，则将速比值保持在最大值，降低电动机转速，直到调整后的输出功率等于需求功率。
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