CN101644510A - Absorber and absorber-evaporator assembly and lithium bromide - water absorption machines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an absorber and an absorber-evaporator assembly for an absorption machine and a lithium bromide-water absorption machine integrating the absorber and the absorber-evaporator assembly, the absorber includes rows of sprayers (5 ), located in a storage tank (4), adapted to receive a hot concentrated solution, the sprayer projects the solution in the storage tank (4) in order to dilute it, the absorber is of the solution-air type or A heat exchanger (6) of the solution-to-water type, which is located outside the storage tank (4) and cools the diluted solution. Each sprayer in the row of sprayers (5) comprises a nozzle (14) having an elliptical shape adapted to project the solution in the shape of a substantially triangular fan through a flat plate (15) which projects in parallel.

Description

Absorber and absorber-evaporator assemblies and lithium bromide-water absorbers

technical field

The invention relates to an absorption machine for use in air-conditioning and/or refrigerator installations which operate with a lithium bromide-water solution.

Background technique

In most applications, refrigeration and air conditioning technology utilizes freezers that operate on refrigerants (CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs) that are ozone-destroying (CFCs and HCFCs) and produce a greater greenhouse effect than _CO2 The greenhouse effect is much more serious. Since these machines use electricity in most cases, their work also produces carbon dioxide.

As an alternative to these machines, the first industrial application developed was based on the thermodynamic principle of cooling one liquid by absorbing vapor into another. The absorption cycle is based on the physical properties of certain substances (say, water and a certain salt such as lithium bromide) to absorb vapors of other substances (such as ammonia and water), respectively, through the liquid phase.

In the absorption machine, the refrigerant (water, ammonia or other) is evaporated in the evaporator by utilizing the heat generated by the change of state of the fluid circulating in the exchanger bundle. During the dissolution process, the generated vapors are absorbed by the absorbent (water or lithium bromide solution or other), wherein, during this dissolution process, the temperature of the solution rises, requiring external cooling to keep the solution at the proper temperature conditions, and Absorption occurs and the pressure of the chamber called the absorber does not rise.

In this external cooling circuit, water cooling towers are usually used. The water cooled in the tower is used to circulate in the tube bundle of another exchanger, which is located in the absorber chamber and on which the absorbent is sprayed to facilitate the absorption process. The absorbent containing the refrigerant is pumped to another heat exchanger whose function is to separate the refrigerant from the absorbent by distilling the refrigerant. This heat exchanger is called a generator. A hot fluid (usually water or steam) circulates through the tube bundle of the generator, which constitutes the main source of energy for the absorption cycle, and this energy can also be an exhaust from any other type of process capable of generating residual heat .

Contents of the invention

The invention relates to an absorption machine for use in air-conditioning and/or refrigerator installations which operate with a lithium bromide-water solution.

A first object of the present invention is to provide an absorber for an absorber.

A second object of the present invention is to provide an absorber-evaporator assembly.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a single effect lithium bromide absorber integrating the above absorber or absorber-evaporator assembly.

The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a double-effect lithium bromide absorber integrating the above absorber or absorber-evaporator assembly.

A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a lithium bromide absorber integrating the above-mentioned absorber or absorber-evaporator assembly, alternating between single-effect and double-effect functions.

The invention relates to absorption machines developed for use in air-conditioning or refrigerator installations, and more particularly to those systems utilizing the absorption of lithium bromide and water.

The single-effect lithium bromide-water absorption machine includes the following basic components:

The absorber, which can maintain low pressure and low evaporation temperature by direct cooling by outside air or water when the outside temperature is high, performs a separate heat and mass transfer process,

Condensers, cooled directly by outside air or water from a tower or other refrigeration circuit,

Evaporator,

heat generator, and

Heat recuperator.

The heat generator comprises at least one heating chamber with a heat exchanger in the heating chamber, preferably made of high temperature resistant stainless steel when the heat source is a direct flame, which facilitates heat transfer to the lithium bromide - Aqueous solutions; exchangers capable of utilizing heat generated by solar collectors, etc., biomass boilers, biodiesel boilers, bioethanol boilers, conventional fossil fuel boilers or using exhaust gases from engines, fuel cells, fuel tanks or other energy sources Residual heat generated by any thermal process of sufficient temperature.

The generator can also be combined with a low, medium or high capacity modulating burner controlled by a PDI regulator which allows the temperature to be controlled at will when burning a fossil fuel (preferably GLP , GN, diesel, biodiesel, biogas or others), the burner generates heat in the heating chamber.

Furthermore, in the heating chamber, the generator is equipped with a water vapor separator.

Lithium bromide solution is fed diluted into the heating chamber of the generator, absorbs heat, boils to a temperature between 85°C and 125°C or higher (depending on the temperature of the outside air), producing reheated refrigerant vapor ( hot concentrated solution) and water vapor, which is separated in a separator. The water vapor leaves the generator and is sent to a condenser where it is converted to a liquid and then sent through an expansion valve to an evaporator where the liquid is again converted to water vapor.

The hot recuperator is preferably a plate exchanger with brazing and transfers the heat of the hot concentrated solution from the generator to the diluted cold solution from the absorber, where the diluted cold solution It is preheated before being supplied to the generator.

This hot concentrated solution from the generator flows through a hot recuperator and its pressure is reduced in a pressure reducing valve located between the recuperator and the absorber so that it enters the absorber at low pressure.

The absorber consists of the following components:

Storage tank,

rows of sprayers in the storage tank through which the hot concentrated solution flows to be sprayed in the tank where it is diluted by contact with water vapor from the evaporator,

a heat exchanger, located outside the storage tank and preferably having cooling fins, which cools the diluted solution,

Circulation pump, which sucks the diluted solution from the storage tank and pushes it towards the heat exchanger, through which the diluted solution is discharged in a circular process and returned to the above-mentioned row of sprinklers, facilitating the transfer of mass and heat, as well as

The generator feeds the pump, which draws in the dilute solution from the absorber and pushes it towards the generator, through the recuperator where it becomes concentrated again.

The absorber transfers the heat of absorption from the solution in the absorber directly to the atmosphere through a heat exchanger. This is one of the fundamental distinguishing features of the absorber of the present invention compared to other systems where the heat of absorption is first transferred from the solution to the water circuit and then from the water circuit to the outside air by a fan. On the contrary, with the system described in the present invention, the temperature difference between the solution and the external space is increased relative to the temperature difference required for recooling, and thus the heat transfer is better, the heat exchange area is smaller, saving the exchanger , and make the absorption temperature as close as possible to the temperature of the outside air.

Another very important feature is the design of the absorber, which works by spraying the solution. Spraying facilitates mass transfer, and since the absorption process is adiabatic, the heat transfer that takes place in the heat exchanger is independent from the outside world, which further reduces the heat transfer area due to efficient operation.

Absorption is achieved by spraying the solution in the form of flat and parallel sheets with an essentially triangular sector shape, which contributes largely to the transfer of mass in a very efficient manner.

These sprayers have an oval nozzle which makes it possible to spray the solution in the form of the above-mentioned flat sheet (or flat plate) with a fan shape, which has a large surface and which comes from the evaporator and exists in the The water vapor in the absorber chamber remains in contact, thereby promoting absorption.

This therefore provides an absorber with a smaller volume than those currently on the market and provides a high efficiency solution-to-air heat exchanger with a smaller heat exchanger area than those currently on the market. These characteristics mean that the overall volume of the absorber-evaporator is smaller than those of absorber-exchangers currently present on the market, and therefore the volume of the machine is also smaller. Thus, an absorber such as that described here has the advantages of high heat and mass transfer coefficients, low volume/power ratio, easy construction, easy access, easy viewing and easy maintenance. The absorber can be used in single effect machines as well as in multiple effect machines.

The evaporator incorporates a heat exchanger through which water from the space used for cooling e.g. The water is pushed towards a cooling unit installed in the space to be air-conditioned.

The condenser is specifically designed for the low pressure water vapor from the generator and is integrated in the machine in two phases by special design to save space. If the condenser has small dimensions and it is arranged inside the machine, this condenser contributes to reducing the overall size of the machine. Where air is used to cool the condenser, the condenser preferably comprises a heat exchanger and a fan, wherein the heat exchanger is preferably made of copper tubes with aluminum fins. The condenser can also be cooled using water from a column or other refrigeration circuit. The water vapor generated in the generator at a temperature between 85°C and 125°C is condensed directly by the outside air when operating in cooling mode, or by the space to be cooled (e.g. The air inside the building) condenses directly.

Notably, the absorber can transfer heat from the generator using exhaust flue gas or renewable heat or renewable fuel or fuel from a conventionally fired boiler.

The absorption machine can be used for refrigeration in stationary refrigerators or in mobile refrigerators capable of operating on inclined planes with sharp accelerations: In gasoline vehicles or long-distance gasoline coaches, in gasoline and diesel powered trucks and trucks used for the transport of refrigerated products, in gasoline and diesel fueled thermal engine craft, and in addition to the preceding claims In heat engine vehicles not having exhaust fumes other than those described; and for air conditioning of greenhouses, refrigerated warehouses with temperatures above 7°C, and for air conditioning of buildings using heat engines.

At the same time, the lithium bromide-water absorber can be used as a system for generating additional heat (to the heat of the exhaust fumes) during extended periods of neutral by burning additional fuel outside the engine or inside the combustion chamber itself, and can Used as a system for generating additional heat (to that of the exhaust fumes) during extended journeys (road or rail) by burning additional fuel external to the engine or internal to the combustion chamber itself.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-effect absorption machine, such as a double-effect machine, which, in addition to the components contained in a single-effect machine, comprises another generator, another recuperator and Sub-cooler (sub-cooler, or sub-cooler).

The double-effect machine comprises a high-pressure generator and a further low-pressure generator connected to the high-pressure generator, the high-pressure generator being associated with a heating chamber that may be equipped with a burner. Each of the high-pressure and low-pressure generators is connected in turn to a high-pressure and low-pressure recuperator respectively, which deliver the hot concentrated solution from the generator to the absorber via a corresponding pressure reducing valve.

After the high pressure generator separates the refrigerant vapor and liquid water, the low pressure generator is connected and the vapor is directed to the condenser while the liquid water is sent to the sub-cooler adjacent to the condenser. Next, the water vapor condensed in the condenser and in the sub-cooler is led to the high-pressure expansion valve and the low-pressure expansion valve respectively, where the pressure and temperature are reduced before entering the evaporator.

Unlike single effect machines, this absorption machine has an additional input connected to the high pressure recuperator via one of the aforementioned pressure reducing valves, and the feed pump for the generator directs the dilute solution to the high pressure recuperator via the solution distribution valve. Heater and low pressure recuperator.

At the same time, the feasibility of a heat exchanger for the absorber, which is a solution-to-water heat exchanger instead of a solution-to-air heat exchanger, has been conceived, where the water is cooled by the water from the tower.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an absorber-evaporator assembly integrating an absorber and an evaporator for single effect machines and multiple effect machines.

The absorber-evaporator assembly has a vessel or storage tank with a separating wall (or separating wall) separating and perpendicular to the bottom of the vessel, the dividing wall forming two spaces or chambers, since the wall does not reach the bottom of the vessel The lid or top surface, thus this enables gas or water vapor to mix in the upper part. The vapor is present inside the evaporator chamber and consists of a bundle of tubes forming a circuit through which refrigerated liquid, usually from the space to be cooled, is circulated, the vapor exiting at a higher pressure than inside the tubes located in the lower part of the chamber Tubes located in the upper part of the evaporation chamber and vice versa.

In the evaporator, the water coming out of the condenser and reaching the evaporation chamber is evaporated. Once evaporated, the water flows as water vapor to the adjacent or absorption chamber.

The water vapor from the evaporation chamber is introduced into the absorption chamber adjacent to this evaporation chamber and reaches the collector (water collector), on which sprayers are mounted, from which the hot concentrated solution is discharged.

The configuration is valid for both single effect and multiple effect (such as double or triple efficiency) absorption machines. Depending on the type of collector, there may be one, two or three hot concentrated solution lines from the two generators and one, two or three water transfer lines from the condenser.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an absorption machine for combined use which combines a single-effect mode of operation and a double-effect mode of operation wherein, depending on the needs of the installation served by the absorption machine, the operation can be in one mode or another mode, and has piping and valve systems in it to enable the mode of operation to be determined. The absorber may also comprise an absorber or absorber-evaporator assembly as described above.

The combined use of absorption machines is important for applications utilizing renewable energy sources, where single effect machines will use renewable energy such as solar energy or recovered residual heat, and double effect machines will use commercial fuel as a heat source .

The absorption machine which is the object of the present invention can thus be used for air conditioning of buildings, private houses both by condensation of water and by condensation of air, and for cooling of commercial buildings, cold stores, but also for cooling of greenhouses, Cooling of industrial buildings etc., and also for air conditioning and cooling of any type of motor vehicles (boats, city buses and coaches, trucks, truck cabins).

Description of drawings

In order to supplement the ongoing description and to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention according to a preferred practical embodiment of the invention, a number of drawings are included as an integral part of the description, of which the following drawings are examples Non-restrictive and non-restrictive:

Figure 1 shows the outline of a single effect absorber incorporating an absorber of the invention represented in schematic form;

Figure 2 shows a front view of a nozzle connected to a sprinkler;

Figure 3 shows a plan view of the nozzle;

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a sprinkler with nozzles projecting a triangular fan shape on a flatsheet;

Figure 5 shows a heat generator with an exchanger;

Figure 6 shows a heat generator with a burner;

Figure 7 shows the outline of a double effect absorber incorporating an absorber of the invention shown in schematic form;

Figure 8 shows the outline of an absorption machine integrating a single-effect functional mode and a double-effect functional mode;

Figure 9 shows the outline of a single effect absorber incorporating the absorber-evaporator assembly of the present invention shown in schematic form;

Figure 10 shows the outline of a double effect absorber incorporating the absorber-evaporator assembly of the present invention shown in schematic form;

Figure 11 shows a front sectional view of an absorber-evaporator assembly for a single effect unit;

Figure 12 shows a side sectional view of an absorber-evaporator assembly for a single effect unit;

Figure 13 shows a front cross-sectional view of an absorber-evaporator assembly for a double effect machine;

Figure 14 shows a side sectional view of an absorber-evaporator assembly for a double effect machine.

Detailed ways

According to the profile shown in Fig. 1, the single-effect lithium bromide absorption machine of the present invention comprises:

- a heat generator 1 with a heating chamber 2 suitable for heating an aqueous solution of lithium bromide, including a water vapor separator (not shown);

- Absorber 3 comprising:

storage tank 4;

A row of sprayers 5, located in the storage tank 4, through which the hot concentrated solution passes and is sprayed in the storage tank 4 to dilute it;

A heat exchanger 6, located outside the storage tank 4, for cooling the diluted solution;

Circulation pump 7, which, in a continuous recirculation process, draws the diluted solution from the storage tank 4 and pushes it towards the heat exchanger 6, from which the cooled and diluted solution comes out and returns to to rows of sprinklers 5; and

A feed pump 8, adapted to supply the heat generator 1, wherein the feed pump absorbs the diluted solution from the absorber 3 and sends it to the heat generator 1, where the solution is concentrated again;

- a heat recuperator (heat recuperator) 9, which is located between the generator 1 and the absorber 3, wherein heat is transferred from the hot concentrated solution from the generator 1 to the diluted cold from the absorber 3 solution, the diluted cold solution is preheated before it is supplied to the generator 1;

- a pressure reducing valve 10 located between the heat recuperator 9 and the absorber 3;

- a condenser 11, connected to the generator 1, which condenses the water vapor produced in the generator 1;

- an evaporator 12, connected to the absorber 3, adapted to introduce water vapor into the absorber 3; and

- An expansion valve 13 connecting the condenser 11 to the evaporator 12 .

According to the configuration described, the main role of the absorption machine is the combination of the oval nozzles 14 in Figures 2 and 3 (in each sprayer of the row of sprayers 5), which are adapted to pass through the flat plate in the shape of a substantially triangular sector The solution is sprayed in the form of 15, as can be understood from FIG. 4 , wherein the nozzles 14 of the sprayer are preferably arranged such that said flat plates 15 project in parallel, as can be seen from FIG. 1 .

It is similarly important to note that, according to an essential characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger 6 of the absorption machine is a solution-air exchanger, as shown in Figure 1, which has a fan 16 associated with said exchanger, However, it is also conceivable that the specific features shown in the figures located above the heat exchanger 6 remain of the solution-water type.

The fan 16 of the solution-air heat exchanger 6 can be the same as the fan 16 of the cooling condenser 11 , as can be seen from FIG. 1 .

5 and 6 show that the generator 1 can integrate a heat exchanger 23 in the heating chamber 2 and/or can have a fossil fuel burner 17 associated with the heating chamber.

Figure 1 shows the use of an absorption machine for a space 18 to be air-conditioned, wherein it is understood that the evaporator 12 integrates an exchanger 19 through which the interior of the space 18 to be air-conditioned is circulated. water for cooling and also has a cold water pump 20 which sends the water cooled in this exchanger 19 to a cooling device 21 installed in the space 18 to be air-conditioned, equipped with fan22.

Figure 7 shows a double-effect lithium bromide machine comprising part of the elements of the single-effect machine shown in Figure 1, wherein, instead of a single generator, there is a high-voltage generator 1' connected to a high-voltage The low-pressure generator 1 ″ of the generator 1 ′, wherein the high-pressure generator 1 ′ can be associated with the burner 17. At the same time, each of the high-pressure generator 1 ′ and the low-pressure generator 1 ″ is respectively connected in sequence to the high-pressure return flow A heat exchanger 9' and a low-pressure recuperator 9", which send the hot concentrated solution from the high-pressure generator and the low-pressure generator 1', 1" to the absorber 3, are integrated between them and the absorber 3 (combined ) pressure reducing valve 10', 10".

The low-pressure generator 1" is connected to the condenser 11 and the sub-cooler 24 adjacent to the condenser 11. The condensed water vapor is obtained from the condenser 11 and the sub-cooler 24, and the water vapor is sent to the high-pressure expansion valve and the low-pressure expansion valve respectively 13', 13", where the pressure and temperature are reduced until they enter the evaporator 12.

In this case, it is conceived to integrate an additional input into the absorber 3, which will be connected to the low-pressure reflux 9" via the above-mentioned pressure relief valve 10", and it is also conceivable to use the feed pump 8 to feed the The diluted solution in 3 is led to the high-pressure reflux 9' and the low-pressure reflux 9" via the solution distribution valve 24.

Figure 8 shows an absorption machine, alternately used as a single-effect machine and a double-effect machine, incorporating a series of valves enabling one mode or the other. Specifically, the machine includes:

- connecting valve 37, which is located between the generator 1 and the condenser 11;

- a return valve 26 to the reflux, located between the reflux 9 and the branch extending from the solution distribution valve 25 to the feed pump 8;

- to the subcooler circulation valve 27, which connects the low pressure generator 1" to the subcooler 24; and

- A recirculation valve 28 to the condenser, which connects the low pressure generator 1 ″ to the condenser 11 .

The machine can be divided into two functional modes, single-effect functional mode and double-effect functional mode. In the single-effect function mode, the circulation of the liquid that plays a role in the function of the machine is indicated by the thick line, where only the pressure reducing valve 10, the return valve 26 to the reflux, the connection valve 37, and the high pressure expansion valve 13' are open, while the remaining valves remain closed.

With the machine acting in double-effect mode, only the return valve 26 to the return, the expansion valve 10, and the connecting valve 37 are closed.

On another paper, Figure 9 shows a single-effect absorber, where instead of the absorber 3 is proposed, but the absorber-evaporator assembly 3' in its entirety, represented in schematic form, including a vertical The tank 4' is separated by a separating wall (or partition) 29, which constitutes two chambers 30, 33 communicating with each other through their upper parts:

On one side of the vertical separating wall 29, an evaporation chamber 30 is defined, which includes an evaporator 32; and

On the other side of the vertical separating wall 29 is defined an absorption chamber 33 in which the concentrated solution is diluted.

This absorber-evaporator assembly 3' shares a feed pump 8, a heat exchanger 6 and a circulation pump 7 with the absorber 3, wherein the feed pump is adapted to extract the diluted solution, cooled outside the heat exchanger 6 The diluted solution, the circulation pump 7 draws the diluted solution in a continuous cycle process and pushes it towards the heat exchanger 6, so that it returns to the row of sprayers 5.

Figure 10 shows a double effect absorber which likewise integrates the absorber-evaporator assembly 3'.

The absorber-evaporator assembly can be understood in more detail in Figures 11 and 12, where Figure 12 shows a vertical wall 29 allowing vapor to flow from the evaporation chamber 32 to the absorption chamber 33 through the upper part of the storage tank 4', This is because the separation wall 29 does not reach the top.

The evaporator chamber 30 receives at least one water supply line 38 from the condenser 11 until it reaches the evaporator 32, which includes a refrigerant liquid circuit formed by pipes 35, wherein a second hot refrigerant liquid circulates through the upper pipes 35 (approximately 10 °C-18°C), and the second cold refrigerant liquid circulates through the lower pipe 35 (approximately 7°C-15°C), the second refrigerant liquid can be sent to the room 18 to be cooled, cold storage, greenhouse, etc. Water at very low pressure (approximately 8-15 mbar) evaporates in the evaporation chamber 30 and rises over the vertical separating wall 29 and to the absorption chamber 33 when the water comes into contact with the pipe 35 of the refrigerant liquid line.

In the absorption chamber 33 , the water vapor from the evaporation chamber 30 will come into contact with the lithium bromide solution projected from the sparger 5 .

It has been conceived that the absorption chamber 33 has a collector 36 adapted to receive the hot concentrated refrigerant solution from the reflux 9, on which the above-mentioned sparger 5 is mounted, and which is likewise adapted to Receive loop line 39.

Thus, bromide solution is sprayed from the solution collector 36 via the sprayer 5 . The spraying of lithium bromide in the form of plates 15 facilitates its dilution with steam.

Once the sprayed sheet solution falls to the bottom of the absorption chamber 33 (as can be seen from FIG. 12 ), the already diluted part of the solution is sent to generator 1, while the other part will be led through the exchanger 6 to the solution collector 7 or container 10 of the absorption chamber 13, after which the absorption process is started again.

The heat exchanger 6 is of the solution-air or solution-water type.

In the case of a double effect machine it is similarly conceived to include this absorber assembly 3' as shown in Figure 10 and in detail in Figures 13 and 14 the absorber-evaporator assembly 3' keeping the same structure, Therein, the collector 36 comprises a number of associated input lines, in this case from the two refluxers 9 , 9 ″ and associated water input lines 38 from the condenser 11 and the subcooler 24 .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (18)

1. an absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorber, comprising: storage tank (4); a row of sprayers (5) located within said storage tank (4), said sprayers being adapted to receive hot concentrated solution and spray it into said storage tank (4) to dilute it; a feed pump (8) adapted to extract the diluted solution from said absorber (3), It is characterized in that the absorber additionally includes: a heat exchanger (6), located outside the storage tank (4), for cooling the diluted solution; Circulation pump (7) adapted to suck the diluted solution from the storage tank (4) and push it to the heat exchanger (6) in a continuous cycle, returning it to The rows of sprayers (5). 2. The absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger (6) is of the solution-air type. 3. The absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger (6) is of the solution-water type. 4. the absorber (3) of lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each sprinkler in the sprayer (5) of described row comprises the nozzle (14) that has oval shape, so Said nozzle is adapted to spray said solution in the form of a flat plate (15) substantially in the shape of a triangular sector. 5. The absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the nozzle (14) is arranged in such a way that the flat plate (15) is projected in parallel. 6. An absorber-evaporator assembly of a lithium bromide absorber, comprising: storage tank (4'); a row of sprayers (5) located in said storage tank (4), said sprayers being adapted to receive hot concentrated solution and spray it in said storage tank (4') to dilute it; Feed pump (8), which is suitable for extracting the diluted solution, It is characterized in that the absorber-evaporator assembly additionally comprises: a heat exchanger (6), located outside said storage tank (4), for cooling said diluted solution; and Circulation pump (7) adapted to suck the diluted solution from the storage tank (4) and push it to the heat exchanger (6) in a continuous cycle, returning it to The rows of sprinklers (5), Also, said storage tank (4') is provided with an isolated vertical separating wall (29) defining two chambers (30, 33) at their upper In communication with each other, the two chambers consist of: an evaporation chamber (30) defined on one side of said vertical separating wall (29) comprising an evaporator (32); and An absorption chamber (33) is defined on the other side of said vertical separation wall (29). 7. Absorber-evaporator assembly (1 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that said heat exchanger (16) is of the solution-air type. 8. Absorber-evaporator assembly (1 ) of a lithium bromide absorber machine according to claim 6, characterized in that said heat exchanger (16) is of the solution-water type. 9. The absorber-evaporator assembly (1) of a lithium bromide absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that each sprayer in the row of sprayers (5) comprises a nozzle having an oval shape ( 14), said nozzle is adapted to spray said solution in the form of a flat plate (15) in the shape of a substantially triangular sector. 10. The absorber-evaporator assembly (1) of a lithium bromide absorber according to claim 9, characterized in that the nozzles (14) are arranged in such a way that the flat plates (15) are projected in parallel. 11. The absorber-evaporator assembly (1) of a lithium bromide absorber according to claim 7, wherein the absorber chamber (33) comprises a collector (36) adapted to receive the The heat concentrates the refrigeration solution, and the absorption chamber is also equipped with the above-mentioned sprayer (5) and is adapted to receive a circulation line (39). 12. A single-effect lithium bromide absorption machine, comprising: - a heat generator (1) having a heating chamber (2) suitable for heating an aqueous lithium bromide solution; - Absorber (3); - a heat recuperator (9) located between said heat generator (1) and said absorber (3), wherein heat is transferred from the hot concentrated solution from said heat generator (1) into the cold diluted solution from said absorber (3), which is preheated before being supplied to said heat generator (1); - pressure relief valve (10) located between said heat recuperator (9) and said absorber (3); - a condenser (11) connected to said heat generator (1), said condenser condensing the water vapor generated in said heat generator (1); - an evaporator (12) connected to said absorber (3), said evaporator being adapted to introduce water vapor into said absorber (3); and - an expansion valve (13) connecting said condenser (11) to said evaporator (12), It is characterized in that the absorber (3) is the absorber (3) according to any one of claims 1-5. 13. A double-effect lithium bromide absorption machine, comprising: - a high-pressure generator (1') and a low-pressure generator (1") connected to said high-pressure generator (1') to heat an aqueous lithium bromide solution; - Absorber (3); - a high-pressure recuperator (9') and a low-pressure recuperator (9"), associated with said high-pressure generator (1') and low-pressure generator (1"), adapted to convert heat from said The hot concentrated solution of the device (1', 1 ") is sent to the absorber (3); - pressure relief valves (10', 10"), respectively associated with said high pressure generator (1') and said low pressure generator (1"); - solution distribution valve (25), located between the feed pump (8) and the recuperator (9', 9"); - a condenser (11), connected to said high pressure generator (1'), said condenser condensing the water vapor produced in said high pressure generator (1'); - a sub-cooler (24), adjacent to said condenser (11) connected to said low pressure generator (1"); - an evaporator (12) connected to said absorber (3), said evaporator being adapted to introduce water vapor into said absorber (3); - Expansion valves (13', 13") for high and low pressure, respectively between said evaporator (12) and said condenser (11) and between said evaporator (12) and said subcooler between (24), It is characterized in that the absorber (3) is the absorber (3) according to any one of claims 1-5. 14. A single-effect lithium bromide absorption machine, characterized in that, said single-effect lithium bromide absorption machine comprises: - an absorber-evaporator assembly (3') according to any one of claims 6-11; - a heat generator (1) having a heating chamber (2) suitable for heating an aqueous lithium bromide solution; - a heat recuperator (9) located between said heat generator (1) and said absorber-evaporator assembly (3'), wherein heat is transferred from said heat generator (1) The hot concentrated solution is transferred to the cold diluted solution from the absorber-evaporator assembly (3'), which is preheated before it is supplied to the heat generator (1); - pressure relief valve (10) located between said heat recuperator (9) and said absorber-evaporator assembly (3'); - a condenser (11) connected to said heat generator (1), said condenser condensing water vapor generated in said heat generator (1); and - An expansion valve (13) connecting said condenser (11) to said evaporator (12). 15. A double-effect lithium bromide absorption machine, characterized in that, the double-effect lithium bromide absorption machine comprises: - an absorber-evaporator assembly (3') according to any one of claims 6-11; - a high-pressure generator (1') and a low-pressure generator (1") connected to the high-pressure generator (1') to heat an aqueous lithium bromide solution; - a high-pressure recuperator (9') and a low-pressure recuperator (9") associated with said high-pressure generator (1') and low-pressure generator (1"), adapted to transfer heat from said The hot concentrated solution of the generator (9', 9") is sent to said absorber (3'); - pressure relief valves (10', 10"), respectively associated with said high pressure generator (1') and low pressure generator (1"); - a solution distribution valve (25), located between the feed pump (8) and said heat recuperator (9', 9 "); - a condenser (11), connected to said heat generator (1), said condenser condensing the water vapor generated in said heat generator (1); - a subcooler (24), adjacent to said condenser (11) connected to said low pressure generator (1"); and - High and low pressure expansion valves (13', 13"), located respectively between said evaporator (12) and said condenser (11) and said evaporator (12) and said sub-cooler (24) between. 16. A combined use of a lithium bromide absorber, characterized in that the lithium bromide absorber comprises the single-effect absorber as claimed in claim 12 and the double-effect absorber as claimed in claim 13, and additionally includes the following Valves to determine single- or double-acting mode of function: - a connecting valve (37) located between said heat generator (1) and said condenser (11); - a return valve (26) to said recuperator located between said recuperator (9) and the branch extending from said solution distribution valve (25) to said feed pump (8) ; - a recirculation valve (27) to said subcooler, which connects said low pressure generator (1") to said subcooler (24); and - A circulation valve (28) to said condenser, which connects said low pressure generator (1") to said condenser (11). 17. A combined use of a lithium bromide absorber, characterized in that the lithium bromide absorber comprises the single-effect absorber as claimed in claim 14 and the double-effect absorber as claimed in claim 15, and additionally includes the following Valves to determine single- or double-acting mode of function: - a connecting valve (37) located between said generator (1) and said condenser (11); - a return valve (26) to said recuperator located between said recuperator (9) and the branch extending from said solution distribution valve (25) to said feed pump (8) ; - a recirculation valve (27) to said subcooler, which connects said low pressure generator (1") to said subcooler (24); and - A circulation valve (28) to said condenser, which connects said low pressure generator (1") to said condenser (11). 18. A combination of lithium bromide absorption machines according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the single-effect machine uses renewable energy or energy recovered from residual heat as a heat source, renewable energy is preferably solar energy, The double effect machine uses fuel energy as a heat source.

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