CN101639507A - Controllable metal oxide arrester action characteristic testing device and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a controllable metal oxide lightning arrester action characteristic test device and method. The method includes adjusting the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, applying impulse voltages with a peak value higher than the action threshold of the controllable metal oxide arrester to the test product of the controllable metal oxide arrester for many times, and passing the recorded action time of the test product The voltage value of the controllable arrester is obtained at the action moment of the test product. The test method for the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under power frequency, operation and lightning voltage has good system equivalence, and can comprehensively test the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under various voltages in the actual system.

Description

Test device and method for operating characteristics of controllable metal oxide arrester

technical field

The invention relates to the technology of a controllable metal oxide arrester, in particular to a device and method for testing the operating characteristics of a controllable metal oxide arrester.

Background technique

According to the demand of UHV AC transmission system for deeply reducing the level of operating overvoltage and the shortcomings of conventional limiting measures of operating overvoltage in terms of economy and operational reliability, the concept of controllable metal oxide arrester is proposed. Hereinafter, the controllable metal oxide arrester is simply referred to as the controllable arrester. The structure of the controllable arrester is shown in Figure 1. MOA1 and MOA2 are controlled components and fixed components respectively; K is a switch, which can be a thyristor or a gap. The working principle of the controllable arrester is to flexibly control the number of connected resistors of the arrester through K to change the volt-ampere characteristics of the arrester. When the system is running normally, K is disconnected, MOA1 and MOA2 jointly limit the voltage, and reduce the operating charge rate of the arrester by increasing its rated voltage (for example, the rated voltage of the conventional arrester is 828kV, and the rated voltage of the controllable arrester is 890kV). (For example, the operating charge rate of the controllable arrester is reduced from 77% of the conventional arrester to 71%). In a transient state, K is turned on, MOA1 is short-circuited, and the residual voltage of MOA2 is low, so as to deeply reduce the operating overvoltage of the system.

However, the description of the operating principle of the controllable arrester and its thyristor switch K under operating voltage, power frequency overvoltage, operating overvoltage and lightning overvoltage in the prior art is limited to theoretical analysis, and whether it is correct still needs to be tested by experiments. At present, there are only standards for power frequency voltage withstand test, operating impulse voltage test and lightning impulse voltage test of conventional arresters at home and abroad, and the above-mentioned standards are all for testing the insulation performance of conventional arresters, and cannot be directly used to test controllable Action characteristics of arresters under various voltage stresses. At present, there is no ready-made test method and test standard for the new equipment of the controllable arrester. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate new test methods and test standards for the characteristics of the controllable arrester.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, a technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for testing the operating characteristics of a controllable arrester.

The invention provides a controllable arrester operating characteristic test device, comprising: an impulse voltage generator, the impulse voltage generator has a high-voltage output end and a low-voltage output end, and the controllable arrester test product is connected between the high-voltage output end and the low-voltage output end ; a voltage divider, one end of which is connected to the high-voltage output end of the impulse voltage generator, and one end connected to the ground; the waveform recording device is connected to the output end of the voltage divider. Among them, the impulse voltage generator includes: a zero-level branch circuit, including: a wave head resistance and a wave tail resistance, and the wave head resistance and wave tail resistance are connected in series between the high voltage output end and the low voltage output end of the impulse voltage generator; Gap, one end of the isolated ball gap is connected to the connection point of the wave head resistance and the wave tail resistance; a first-level branch circuit has a first-level high-voltage output end and a first-level low-voltage output end, including: a first-level main capacitor, which is connected to the first-level main capacitor between the first-stage high-voltage output terminal and the first-stage low-voltage output terminal; the ignition ball gap, connected between the first-stage high-voltage output terminal and the ground; the charging resistor, connected between the first-stage low-voltage output terminal and the ground; protection resistor, high-voltage silicon stack and the test transformer, the protection resistor, the high-voltage silicon stack and the secondary coil of the test transformer are sequentially connected in series between the primary high-voltage output terminal and the ground; the voltage regulator, the primary coil of the voltage regulator and the test transformer are connected in parallel. The other end of the isolation ball gap is connected to the first-stage low-voltage output end.

According to an embodiment of the device for testing the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester of the present invention, it further includes at least one secondary branch. The secondary branch, having a secondary high voltage output terminal and a secondary low voltage output terminal, includes: a secondary main capacitor connected between the secondary high voltage output terminal and the secondary low voltage output terminal; a secondary ball gap and a damping resistor, It is connected in series between the secondary high-voltage output terminal and the upper-stage low-voltage output terminal; two charging resistors are respectively connected between the secondary and the upper-stage high-voltage output terminal and between the secondary and the upper-stage low-voltage output terminal.

According to one embodiment of the device for testing the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester of the present invention, it also includes a ball gap distance control device for adjusting the distance of the ball gaps in the branches of each level.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test method for the action characteristics of the controllable arrester.

The invention provides a method for testing the action characteristics of a controllable arrester, which includes: setting the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, and applying an impulse voltage with a peak value higher than the action threshold of the controllable arrester test product to the controllable arrester test product , record the voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester test product; gradually increase the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, and apply an impulse voltage with a peak value higher than the controllable arrester test product action threshold to the controllable arrester test product , record the voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester sample; the average value of the voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester sample obtained by the above-mentioned multiple measurements is used as the voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester sample .

Further, the method also includes: firstly setting the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, and applying an impulse voltage with a peak value slightly lower than the action threshold of the controllable arrester sample to the controllable arrester sample, if the controllable metal is oxidized The test product of the controllable arrester operates, and the voltage value at the time of operation of the test product of the controllable arrester is recorded.

Further, the method further includes: performing temperature and/or humidity correction on the recorded voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester sample.

The operating characteristic test device and method of the controllable arrester of the present invention realize the test of the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester under power frequency, operation and lightning impulse voltage, have good system equivalence, and can test the controllable arrester in the actual system Action characteristics under various voltages.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a controllable arrester;

Fig. 2 shows the volt-ampere characteristic curve drawn according to the working principle of the controllable arrester;

Figure 3 shows the test circuit diagram of the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester under power frequency voltage;

Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of the controllable arrester action characteristic test under the impulse voltage according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method for testing the operating characteristics of a controllable metal oxide arrester according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated.

Figure 2 shows the volt-ampere characteristic curve drawn according to the working principle of the controllable arrester. In Figure 2, curve 2 is the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the controllable arrester. For comparison, curve 1 is the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the conventional arrester; where the rated voltage of the conventional arrester is 828kV, the rated voltage of the controllable arrester can be 890kV.

Under working voltage or power frequency overvoltage: K is disconnected, MOA1 and MOA2 are connected in series to share the voltage, and the controllable arrester works in area A in Figure 2. The operating charge rate of the controllable arrester is reduced from 77% of the conventional arrester to 71%, so as to improve the long-term operation reliability of the arrester.

Under operating overvoltage: In the UHV power transmission system, the operating overvoltage wave front time T _f is longer, generally 600-4500 μs, and more than 90% of T _f > 1000 μs. The turn-on time T _gt of the thyristor switch K is generally 1 to several μs, which is much shorter than the wave head time of the operating overvoltage, and the response time of K can fully meet the requirements of limiting the operating overvoltage. When the operating overvoltage value of the controllable arrester exceeds its trigger threshold, K is turned on, MOA1 is short-circuited, the controllable arrester works in the area B of curve 2 in Figure 2, and the residual voltage of MOA2 is low, which can reduce the operating overvoltage voltage is limited to a lower level.

Under lightning intrusion wave overvoltage: Statistics show that about 85% of lightning current wave head lengths are within 1-5 μs, with an average of 2.6 μs. The wave head time T _h of the lightning intrusion wave overvoltage generated by the lightning current is generally within 1-4 μs. When the amplitude of the lightning intrusion wave overvoltage rises to the action threshold of the controllable arrester, the thyristor switch starts to respond, and then it really enters the conduction state after the turn-on time of T _gt . Assuming that the time required for the overvoltage amplitude of the lightning intrusion wave to rise to the action threshold of the controllable arrester is T, the turn-on time of the thyristor switch is T _gt , and the time required for the thyristor switch to actually enter the conduction state is (T+T _gt ), two The sum of them is often greater than the wave head time T _h of the lightning intrusion wave overvoltage, and the response speed of the thyristor switch cannot meet the requirements for limiting the lightning intrusion wave overvoltage. At this time, MOA1 and MOA2 are connected in series to jointly limit the voltage, and the controllable arrester works in the area C of curve 2 in Fig. 2 . Since the rated voltage of the arrester is higher than that of the conventional arrester, the residual voltage of the arrester increases, and the lightning overvoltage on the equipment will increase under the same amplitude of the lightning intrusion wave overvoltage. The lightning on the electrical equipment can be limited by optimizing the installation quantity and position of the arrester Overvoltage, making it less than the lightning impulse withstand level.

The following first introduces the test of the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under the power frequency voltage.

Figure 3 shows the test circuit diagram of the controllable arrester operating characteristics under power frequency voltage. As shown in FIG. 3 , the test circuit includes a power frequency test voltage source 10 , a switch 11 , a test transformer 12 , a test object 13 , a voltage divider 14 and a waveform recorder 15 . Between the voltage source 10 and the switch 11 there is also a power supply equivalent internal impedance (referred to as internal resistance) Zs in series. The connection relationship between each component is shown in Figure 3, the voltage source 10, the resistor Zs and the switch 11 are connected in series at both ends of the primary coil of the transformer 12, and the test object 13 is connected in parallel at both ends of the secondary coil of the transformer 12, and the voltage division One end of the transformer 14 is connected to the high-voltage output end of the transformer 12, and the other end is grounded, and the waveform recorder 15 is connected to the output end of the voltage divider 14.

The controllable arrester has to withstand the power frequency voltage (operating voltage and power frequency overvoltage) during operation, and the action accuracy of the controllable arrester under the power frequency voltage is directly related to the energy absorption and tolerance of the fixed component MOA2. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental research on the action accuracy of the controllable arrester under the power frequency voltage.

This test is mainly used to test the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester under the power frequency voltage exceeding its operating threshold U0. The test uses a high-voltage power frequency test voltage source and its adjustment and test branches. The test circuit is shown in Figure 3. It is required that the test voltage value of the power frequency test voltage source is much greater than U0, the frequency is between 48Hz and 62Hz, and is similar to a sine wave; measuring equipment such as voltage dividers should meet the requirements of GB/T 16927.2.

First, install the controlled part of the test product on the low-voltage side or high-voltage side according to the installation method in the actual system of the controllable arrester, and place the test product on a metal bracket at the same height as the actual system, and perform wiring according to the test circuit diagram 3 . Slowly pressurize the test object until the controllable arrester operates, then quickly reduce the voltage to 0, measure the voltage U when the controllable arrester operates, and record the corresponding waveform; repeat the above steps, and carry out the measurement results of each U Correct the temperature and humidity, and finally calculate the average value of U multiple measurement results as the operating voltage of the controllable arrester and its thyristor switch under the power frequency voltage.

Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of the test circuit of the controllable surge arrester operating characteristics under the impulse voltage according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , the device for testing the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester includes an impulse voltage generator 21 , a voltage divider 24 and a waveform recording device 25 . Among them, the impulse voltage generator 21 has a high-voltage output terminal 1 and a low-voltage output terminal 2, and the controllable arrester sample 23 is connected in parallel between the high-voltage output terminal 1 and the low-voltage output terminal 2; one end of the voltage divider 24 is connected to the impulse voltage generator 21 The high voltage output terminal 1 is connected, and the other end is grounded; the waveform recording device 25 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage divider 24 .

The impulse voltage generator 21 includes a zero-order branch, a first-order branch and a secondary branch 212 . Among them, the zero-order branch includes the wave head resistance Rf and the wave tail resistance Rt connected in series at the high-voltage output terminal 1 and the low-voltage output terminal 2, and the zero-order ball gap (isolated ball gap) g0; one end of the zero-order ball gap g0 is connected to The connection point of wave front resistance Rf and wave tail resistance Rt. The first-level branch circuit has a high-voltage output terminal (1-1) and a low-voltage output terminal (2-1). The first-level branch circuit includes a voltage regulator AT and a test transformer T; a high-voltage silicon stack D and a protective resistor r are connected in series between the high-voltage output terminal of the test transformer T and the high-voltage output terminal (1-1) of the first-level branch circuit, A charging resistor R is connected between the low-voltage output terminal of the voltage regulator and the low-voltage output terminal (2-1) of the primary branch circuit, and the high-voltage output terminal (1-1) and low-voltage output terminal (2-1) of the primary branch circuit -1) There is a first-level main capacitor C1 connected between them; the first-level branch circuit also includes an ignition ball gap g1, one end of the ignition ball gap g1 is connected to the low-voltage output end of the voltage regulator, and the other end is connected to the high-voltage output end (1-1 ). The secondary branch 212 is located between the primary branch and the zero-order branch. The secondary branch 212 includes a charging resistor R connected in series between the high voltage output terminal (1-(n-1)) of the upper branch circuit and the high voltage output terminal (1-n) of the secondary branch circuit, and connected in series The charging resistor R between the low-voltage output terminal (2-(n-1)) of the primary branch circuit and the low-voltage output terminal (2-n) of the secondary branch circuit is connected in series with the low-voltage output terminal (2- (n-1)) and the damping resistance rd and the secondary ball gap gn between the high-voltage output end (1-n) of the secondary branch, connected in series between the high-voltage output end (1-n) and the low-voltage output of the secondary branch Secondary main capacitor Cn between terminals (2-n).

As shown in Figure 4, the test transformer T and the high-voltage silicon stack D form a rectified power supply, and charge the main capacitors C1~Cn through the protection resistor r and the charging resistor R, and when they are charged to U, the potential difference appearing on the ball gaps g1~gn is also is U, if the ball gap distance is adjusted to be slightly larger than U in advance, the ball gap will not discharge. When an impulse voltage needs to be generated, a pulse voltage can be sent to the needle of the ignition ball gap g1, a small spark is generated between the needle and the ball skin, causing the ignition ball gap to discharge, so the upper plate of the capacitor C1 is grounded through g1 , the potential of point (2-1) changes from ground potential to -U. There is a charging resistor R between the capacitor C1 and the next-stage capacitor C2. R is relatively large. At the moment g1 is discharged, the potentials of point (1-2) and point (2-2) cannot change suddenly. Point (1-2) ) potential is still +U, the potential difference on the ball gap g2 suddenly rises to 2U, g2 immediately discharges, so the potential at point (1-2) suddenly changes to -2U. Similarly, g3, g4...gn are also discharged, and the capacitors C1~Cn are connected in series. Finally, the isolation ball gap g0 is also discharged. At this time, the output voltage is the sum of the voltages on C1 ~ Cn, which is -nU. The above-mentioned series of processes can be summarized as "capacitors are charged in parallel and then discharged in series". The change from parallel to series is achieved by a set of ball gaps. R plays the role of connecting the circuit when charging, and plays the role of isolation when discharging. rd is used to prevent oscillation inside the loop. The protection resistance r is generally an order of magnitude larger than R, which not only protects the silicon stack, but also makes the charging voltage of capacitors at all levels more uniform. The speed of the rising part of the impulse voltage waveform generated by the impulse voltage generator is related to Rf, and Rf is called the wave head resistance; the speed of the falling part of the impulse voltage waveform is related to Rt, and Rt is called the wave tail resistance. If Rf is small, it rises quickly; if Rt is large, it falls slowly.

According to one embodiment of the controllable metal oxide arrester operating characteristic test device of the present invention, it also includes a ball gap distance control device for adjusting the distance of the ball gaps in the branch circuits of each level.

Those skilled in the art can understand that, according to the needs of different tests, the above circuit diagram for the test of the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester may include one or more secondary branches 212, and each secondary branch includes the same components. When multiple secondary branches 212 are included, the connection relationship between each secondary branch is similar to the connection relationship between the secondary branch and the first-level branch in Figure 4, and the first secondary branch is shown in Figure 4 The output is connected to the first-order branch, and the last secondary branch is connected to the zero-order branch as shown in Figure 4. It can be seen from the above description that the secondary branch has the function of accumulating the voltage difference. Similarly, according to the needs of different tests, the above-mentioned controllable arrester operating characteristic test circuit diagram may not include the secondary branch 212. At this time, the first output end of the primary branch and the zero-order ball gap in the zero-order branch The other end is directly connected.

Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method for testing the operating characteristics of a controllable metal oxide arrester according to the present invention.

As shown in Figure 5, in step 502, the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator is set, and an impact with a peak value higher than the action threshold of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample is applied to the controllable metal oxide arrester sample. Voltage, recording the voltage value at the moment of action of the controllable metal oxide arrester test product;

In step 504, gradually increase the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, apply an impulse voltage whose peak value is higher than the action threshold of the controllable metal oxide arrester test sample to the controllable metal oxide arrester test sample, and record the controllable metal oxide arrester sample. Control the voltage value of the metal oxide arrester test product action moment;

In step 506, the average value of the voltage values at the operating time of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample obtained from the above multiple measurements is used as the voltage value at the operating time of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample at the operating time.

According to one embodiment of the test method for operating characteristics of the present invention, before step 502, the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator can be set first, and the peak value of the controllable metal oxide arrester test sample is slightly lower than the controllable metal The impulse voltage of the action threshold of the test product of the oxide arrester, if the test product of the controllable metal oxide arrester operates, record the voltage value at the moment of action of the test product of the controllable metal oxide arrester; wherein the above-mentioned slightly lower than, for example, The action threshold is 1% to 10% lower.

In the following, the tests for the operating impulse voltage and the lightning impulse voltage will be described in detail in conjunction with the circuit in FIG. 4 and the test method for the operating characteristics of the present invention.

Firstly, the test method for the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under the operation impulse voltage of 250/2500μs standard waveform is introduced.

One of the main purposes of the controllable arrester is to limit the operation impulse voltage, so the operation accuracy of the thyristor switch under the operation impulse voltage is directly related to the limitation effect of the controllable arrester on the operation impulse voltage, so it is necessary to control the action of the thyristor switch under the operation impulse voltage accuracy research.

This test is mainly used to test the action characteristics of the controllable surge arrester under the operating impulse voltage exceeding its operating threshold, the installation position of the controlled part (MOA1 and K, etc.), the height of the test product, and the impact of the wave head time of the operating impulse voltage on the controllable arrester. The effect of controlling the action characteristics of the arrester. The test uses a high-voltage operation impulse voltage generator and its adjustment and test circuit. The test circuit is shown in Figure 4. It is required that the test voltage peak value of the operating impulse voltage source is much greater than U0; measuring equipment such as voltage dividers should meet the requirements of GB/T 16927.2.

The test procedure of the inventive method comprises:

(11) According to the installation method in the actual system of the controllable arrester, install the controlled part of the test product on the low-voltage side or the high-voltage side, and place the test product on a metal bracket at the same height as the actual system, and proceed according to the test circuit diagram 4 wiring.

(12) Adjust the ball gap distance of the operating impulse voltage generator, apply an operating impulse voltage with a peak value slightly lower than the operating threshold of the controllable arrester to the test product, observe the waveform of U, and see whether the controllable arrester operates or not. If it operates, record U The waveform and the voltage value at the moment of action of the controllable arrester.

(13) Appropriately increase the ball gap distance of the operating impulse voltage generator, apply an operating impulse voltage whose peak value is higher than the action threshold of the controllable arrester to the test product, observe the waveform of U and the action of the controllable arrester, and record the waveform of U and the action threshold of the controllable arrester. The voltage value of the surge arrester and its thyristor switch action moment.

Repeat step (13) multiple times, increasing the ball gap distance appropriately each time, record the measurement results of U and correct the temperature and humidity, and finally calculate the average value of the multiple measurement results of U as the controllable arrester and its thyristor switch in the operation shock Operating voltage under voltage.

Secondly, the test method of the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under the lightning impulse voltage of 1.2/50μs standard waveform is introduced.

Theoretically, since the wave head time of the lightning impulse voltage is generally shorter than the turn-on delay time of the thyristor switch, the thyristor switch of the controllable arrester may not be turned on in the wave head time under the lightning impulse overvoltage, and generally will be turned on at the wave end, so The controllable arrester should not be able to limit the lightning impulse overvoltage of the short wave head. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, the present invention studies the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under lightning impulse overvoltage.

This test is mainly used to test the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester under the lightning impulse voltage exceeding its operating threshold and the influence of the installation position of the controlled part (MOA1 and K, etc.) and the placement height of the test product on the operating characteristics of the controllable arrester. The test uses a high-voltage lightning impulse voltage generator and its adjustment and test circuit. The test circuit is shown in Figure 4. It is required that the peak value of the test voltage of the lightning impulse voltage source is much greater than U0; measuring equipment such as voltage dividers should meet the requirements of GB/T 16927.2.

The test procedure of the inventive method comprises:

(21) According to the installation method in the actual system of the controllable arrester, install the controlled part of the test product on the low-voltage side or the high-voltage side, and place the test product on a metal bracket at the same height as the actual system, according to the test circuit diagram 4 Make the wiring.

(22) Adjust the ball gap distance of the lightning impulse voltage generator, apply a lightning impulse voltage with a peak value slightly lower than the action threshold of the controllable arrester to the test product, observe the waveform of U, and record the waveform of U and the voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester .

(23) Appropriately increase the ball gap distance of the operating impulse voltage generator, apply an operating impulse voltage whose peak value is higher than the action threshold of the controllable arrester to the test product, observe the waveform of U and the action of the controllable arrester, and record the waveform of U and the action threshold of the controllable arrester. Control the voltage value of the arrester action moment.

Repeat step (23) several times, increasing the ball gap distance appropriately each time, record the measurement results of U and perform temperature and humidity corrections, and finally summarize the change law of the voltage value at the action moment of the controllable arrester with the peak value of the lightning impulse voltage.

The operating characteristic test device and method of the controllable arrester of the present invention can realize the experimental research of the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under power frequency, operation and lightning impulse voltage, and check the correct description of the working principle of the controllable arrester under different voltage stresses It provides an experimental basis for the formulation of the control strategy of the controllable arrester. The research of the controllable arrester of the present invention under the operation characteristic test method of power frequency, operation and lightning voltage breaks through the limitation of the conventional arrester test standard, and how to test the operation performance of the new equipment of the controllable arrester and how to formulate a new test method A useful exploration has been carried out with the test standard. The test method for the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under power frequency, operation and lightning voltage has good system equivalence, and can comprehensively test the action characteristics of the controllable arrester under various voltages in the actual system.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to better explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use.

Claims (7)

1. A controllable metal oxide surge arrester action characteristic test device is characterized in that, comprising: An impulse voltage generator, the impulse voltage generator has a high-voltage output terminal and a low-voltage output terminal, and the controllable metal oxide arrester sample is connected between the high-voltage output terminal and the low-voltage output terminal; A voltage divider, one end of the voltage divider is connected to the high-voltage output end of the impulse voltage generator, and the other end is grounded; A waveform recording device connected to the output end of the voltage divider; Wherein, the impulse voltage generator includes: The zero-order branch circuit includes: a wave head resistance and a wave tail resistance, the wave head resistance and wave tail resistance are connected in series between the high voltage output end and the low voltage output end; an isolation ball gap, one end of the isolation ball gap is connected to connection points to said wave head resistance and wave tail resistance; The first-level branch circuit has a first-level high-voltage output terminal and a first-level low-voltage output terminal, including: a first-level main capacitor, and the first-level main capacitor is connected between the first-level high-voltage output terminal and the first-level low-voltage output terminal; Fire ball gap, the ignition ball gap is connected between the first-stage high-voltage output terminal and ground; charging resistor, the charging resistor is connected between the first-stage low-voltage output terminal and ground; protection resistor, high-voltage silicon stack and Test transformer, the protective resistor, the high-voltage silicon stack and the secondary coil of the test transformer are sequentially connected in series between the primary high-voltage output terminal and the ground; a voltage regulator, the voltage regulator and the primary coil of the test transformer are connected in parallel connect; The other end of the isolation ball gap is connected to the first-stage low-voltage output end. 2. The controllable metal oxide arrester operating characteristic test device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one secondary branch; The secondary branch has a secondary high-voltage output terminal and a secondary low-voltage output terminal, including: a secondary main capacitor connected between the secondary high-voltage output terminal and the secondary low-voltage output terminal; a secondary ball gap and a damping resistor , connected in series between the secondary high-voltage output terminal and the upper-level low-voltage output terminal; two charging resistors, respectively connected between the secondary and the upper-level high-voltage output terminal and between the secondary and the upper-level low-voltage output terminal . 3. The controllable metal oxide arrester operating characteristic test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it also includes a ball gap distance control device for adjusting the distance of the ball gaps in the branches of each level. 4. The controllable metal oxide arrester operating characteristic test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wave head resistance is used to adjust the speed of the rising part of the voltage waveform; the wave tail resistance is used to Adjust the speed of the falling part of the voltage waveform. 5. A method for testing the operating characteristics of a controllable metal oxide arrester, characterized in that it comprises: Setting the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, applying an impulse voltage whose peak value is higher than the action threshold of the controllable metal oxide arrester test sample to the controllable metal oxide arrester sample, and recording the controllable metal oxide arrester sample The voltage value at the moment of action of the arrester test product; Gradually increase the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, apply an impulse voltage whose peak value is higher than the action threshold of the controllable metal oxide arrester test sample to the controllable metal oxide arrester sample, and record the controllable metal oxide arrester sample. The voltage value at the moment of action of the arrester test product; The average value of the voltage values at the operating time of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample obtained from the above multiple measurements is used as the voltage value at the operating time of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample. 6. The controllable metal oxide arrester action characteristic test method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprises: First, set the ball gap distance in the impulse voltage generator, and apply an impulse voltage with a peak value slightly lower than the action threshold of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample to the controllable metal oxide arrester sample, if the controllable metal oxide arrester sample The arrester test product operates, and the voltage value at the time when the controllable metal oxide arrester test product operates is recorded. 7. The controllable metal oxide arrester action characteristic test method according to claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that, also comprises: Temperature and/or humidity correction is performed on the recorded voltage value at the action moment of the controllable metal oxide arrester sample.

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