CN101631420B - Accelerator used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种将回旋加速器与同步加速器组合的用于质子-重离子束治癌的加速器，包括有离子源(E)和同步加速器(C)，其特点在于：所述的同步加速器(C)包括有通过离子束输送线(F)相连接的注入切割磁铁装置(5)、引出切割磁铁装置(6)、高频加速装置(9)、八个同步加速器弯曲段(1-1至1-8)和八个同步加速器直线段(2-1至2-8)；在同步加速器(C)的离子束注入端设有扇聚焦回旋加速器(A)或/和分离扇聚焦回旋加速器(B)。其采用将回旋加速器与同步加速器组合的方法，建立一套可以提供质子、重离子(质量数小于等于40)、宽能量范围(10MeV/u-400MeV/u)、高流强(每个脉冲提供的离子数目到107-10量级)的质子、重离子束治癌需要的加速器装置，实现临床治疗中对束流参数的要求。
The present invention relates to an accelerator for proton-heavy ion beam cancer treatment which combines a cyclotron and a synchrotron, comprising an ion source (E) and a synchrotron (C), characterized in that: the synchrotron (C ) includes an injection cutting magnet device (5), an extraction cutting magnet device (6), a high frequency acceleration device (9), eight synchrotron bending sections (1-1 to 1 -8) and eight synchrotron linear sections (2-1 to 2-8); the ion beam injection end of the synchrotron (C) is provided with a sector focusing cyclotron (A) or/and a separate sector focusing cyclotron (B ). It adopts the method of combining cyclotron and synchrotron to establish a set that can provide protons, heavy ions (mass number less than or equal to 40), wide energy range (10MeV/u-400MeV/u), high current intensity (ion The accelerator device required for proton and heavy ion beam cancer treatment with a number of 10 7-10 order of magnitude) can realize the requirements for beam current parameters in clinical treatment.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind ofly, especially relate to a kind of accelerator that is used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams cyclotron and synchrotron combined proton-heavy ion beam cancer-curing apparatus technical field.
Background technology:
Because the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) that depth dose distributes at (Bragg peak), lateral scattering is little, higher of reversing and low oxygen enhancement ratio characteristics such as (OER) in proton and the heavy ion beam irradiation make cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams become advanced in the world now effectively cancer radiation therapy method.At present, preliminary clinical treatment experimental study result shows that cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams has the curative effect of highly significant, and does not have obvious toxic and side effects.
In implementing proton-heavy ion beam irradiation treatment, it is the most basic device that the accelerator that meets the clinical requirement line is provided.According to the degree of depth of different tumours in the clinical treatment, need accelerator that the ion beam of different-energy is provided; According to the shape of different tumours, need accelerator can accurately control the scanning of ion beam current; According to the biological effective dose requirement of tumour, need accelerator can regulate the intensity of ion beam current.For example clinical research is found, is utilizing carbon ion
12C
4+When carrying out human cancer cell's irradiation treatment, energy needed is between 100 to 400MeV/u, and stream is by force the microampere magnitude.
In this application, synchrotron is to satisfy the most effective accelerator installation of this type of demand.Synchrotron can provide and (arrive between several GeV/u) ion of energy arbitrarily in its design energy scope usually at several MeV/u, and stream can reach a milliampere magnitude by force.Another outstanding feature of synchrotron also is to produce the proton-heavy ion beam current of variable energy.Therefore, setting up the heavy ion beam cancer-curing apparatus based on synchrotron, is the basis of carrying out proton-heavy ion irradiation treatment cancer.Simultaneously, implement the therapeutic equipment of proton-heavy ion tumour irradiation, also need to produce the ion source of proton, heavy ion and be used for proton, heavy ion energy are brought up to the pre-acceleration device that injects energy requirement as the synchrotron of main accelerator.
The disclosed accelerator installation that is used for treatment of cancer in the prior art has all adopted the technology path of linear accelerator and synchrotron combination, and seeing the disclosed patent No. of China for details is 20080019535.2 patent of invention.The synchrotron that this cancer-curing apparatus adopted is a sixfold synchronous ring, produces ion beam with laser ion source, and adopts linear accelerator to make synchrotron injector.
A significant defective of this known heavy-ion cancer therapy device is, the pulse ion line that provides duty ratio bigger is provided as the linear accelerator of pre-acceleration device.In a cycle of operation of linear accelerator, the time of drawing ion only accounts for the sub-fraction in the whole cycle, thereby causes injection length to increase.Simultaneously, the linear accelerator volume is bigger, and cost is high, and magnet and magnet power supply are required complexity, and this has increased the cost of building and investing.
Another defective of this known heavy-ion cancer therapy device is, though the employing of sixfold synchrotron ring, reduced the volume of heavy-ion cancer therapy device to a certain extent, but caused reducing of synchrotron straightway simultaneously, the cooling device that is used to realize to repeat to inject with beam stacking can't be installed, therefore must realize once injecting the beam intensity that can reach clinical needs, this defective has increased the performance requirement of this device to ion source and linear accelerator, causes cost of investment to rise.
In addition, the known accelerator installation that is used for proton, heavy ion treatment of cancer, the ion that linear accelerator is provided is injected into and has all adopted the multi-turn method for implanting in the synchrotron, and its shortcoming is that the single injection efficiency is low, and then causes treatment time to increase.
Summary of the invention:
Control the clinical research and the treatment of cancer in order to carry out proton, heavy ion beam, solve the defective of prior art simultaneously, the present invention provide a kind of employing electron cyclotron resonace (ECR) ion source to produce proton, heavy ion, and to adopt cyclotron be preinjector, is the accelerator that is used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams of main accelerator with the eightfold synchrotron.Set up a cover proton, heavy ion (mass number is smaller or equal to 40), wide energy range (10MeV/u-400MeV/u), the Gao Liuqiang (ion populations to 10 that each pulse provides can be provided
7-10Magnitude) proton, heavy ion beam research application apparatus.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of accelerator that is used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams, include ion source (E) and synchrotron (C), ion beam injection end at synchrotron (C) is provided with fan focusing cyclotron (A) or/and separate fan focusing cyclotron (B), and its main feature is: described synchrotron (C) includes the injection septum magnet device (5) that is connected by ion beam transport line (F), draw septum magnet device (6), high frequency accelerator (9), eight synchrotron bending sections (1-1 to 1-8) and eight synchrotron straightways (2-1 to 2-8).
Described synchrotron the 1st bending section (1-1) includes the 1st, the 2 two dipolar magnet (3-1,3-2); Synchrotron the 2nd bending section (1-2) includes the 15th, the 16 two dipolar magnet (3-15,3-16); Synchrotron the 3rd bending section (1-3) includes the 13rd, the 14 two dipolar magnet (3-13,3-14) and the 2nd electrostatic deflection plates (9-2); Synchrotron the 4th bending section (1-4) includes the 11st, the 12 two dipolar magnet (3-11,3-12); Synchrotron the 5th bending section (1-5) includes the 9th, the 10 two dipolar magnet (3-9,3-10); Synchrotron the 6th bending section (1-6) includes the 7th, the 8 two dipolar magnet (3-7,3-8); Synchrotron the 7th bending section (1-7) includes the 5th, the 6 two dipolar magnet (3-5,3-6); Synchrotron the 8th bending section (1-8) includes the 3rd, the 4 two dipolar magnet (3-3,3-4).
Described synchrotron the 1st straightway (2-1) includes the 1st, the 2nd, the 30 3 quadrupole magnet (7-1,7-2,7-30) and the 3rd, the 4 two six pole magnet (8-3,8-4); Synchrotron the 2nd straightway (2-2) includes the 24th, the 25th, the 26th, the 27th, the 28th, the 29 6 quadrupole magnet (7-24,7-25,7-26,7-27,7-28,7-29) and the 1st electrostatic deflection plates (9-1); Synchrotron the 3rd straightway (2-3) includes the 21st, the 22nd, the 23 3 quadrupole magnet (7-21,7-22,7-23) and the 7th, the 8 two six pole magnet (8-7,8-8); Synchrotron the 4th straightway (2-4) includes the 18th, the 19th, the 20 3 quadrupole magnet (7-18,7-19,7-20); Synchrotron the 5th straightway (2-5) includes the 15th, the 16th, the 17 3 quadrupole magnet (7-15,7-16,7-17) and the 5th, the 6 two six pole magnet (8-5,8-6); Synchrotron the 6th straightway (2-6) includes the 9th, the 10th, the 11st, the 12nd, the 13rd, the 14 6 quadrupole magnet (7-9,7-10,7-11,7-12,7-13,7-14) and cooling device (11); Synchrotron the 7th straightway (2-7) includes the 6th, the 7 two quadrupole magnet (7-6,7-7) and the 1st, the 2 two six pole magnet (8-1,8-2); Synchrotron the 8th straightway (2-8) includes the 3rd, the 4 two quadrupole magnet (7-3,7-4) and RF excited device (10).
Also include be used for will quicken through cyclotron the ion injection septum magnet device (5) of introducing synchrotron (C) be arranged on synchrotron the 1st straightway (2-1); Described being used for is arranged on synchrotron the 3rd straightway (2-3) with the septum magnet device (6) of drawing that the ion that quickens through synchrotron (C) is drawn; Described high frequency accelerator (9) is arranged in the synchrotron straightway, and high frequency accelerator (9) is single or multiple.
Described synchrotron (C) also includes peels off injection device, peels off injection device and includes and be located at the 1st on synchrotron the 8th straightway (2-8) and play rail magnet (4-1), be located at the 2nd on synchrotron the 1st bending section (1-1) and play rail magnet (4-2), be located at the 3rd on synchrotron the 2nd bending section (1-2) and play rail magnet (4-3), be located at the 4th on synchrotron the 2nd straightway (2-2) and play rail magnet (4-4) and be located at stripping film (4-5) on the 16th dipolar magnet (3-16).
The described accelerator that is used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams, it utilizes proton-heavy ion beam to carry out the radiocurable accelerator installation of cancer, by with the combination of cyclotron and synchrotron, realizes in the clinical treatment requirement to the line parameter.The beneficial effect of its existence is:
1, it adopts cyclotron to make injector, can realize the continuous injection of ion beam, and proton, heavy ion are quickened by alternating electric field in cyclotron, and circumnutation is done in the uniform magnetic field constraint.Along with proton, heavy ion energy improve, movement velocity increases, the radius of circumnutation increases gradually, when being accelerated to when being tending towards the edge, by electrostatic deflection plates proton, heavy ion are drawn, realize uninterruptedly drawing of ion, therefore adopt cyclotron to make the injector of synchrotron, can realize that ion beam injects synchrotron continuously;
2, can realize that the polyion from proton to the argon ion line quickens.In the cyclotron, the cyclotron frequency of ion
Wherein Z is an ionic charge number, and A is a mass number, and B is a uniform magnetic field intensity, m
IonIt is the one-nucleon quality.This shows that the ion with identical nucleocytoplasmic ratio has identical cyclotron frequency in cyclotron, therefore, the ion of variety classes, identical nucleocytoplasmic ratio has identical parameter setting in cyclotron, thereby realizes that polyion quickens.
What 3, the preaccelerator of synchrotron adopted among the present invention is cyclotron.Cyclotron has the advantage that continuous line is provided, and construction cost is low, takes up an area of for a short time, is easy to maintenance and repair.The present invention makees the injector of synchrotron in proton-heavy-ion cancer therapy device with cyclotron, has overcome in other heavy-ion cancer therapy devices, adopts linear accelerator to do preaccelerator, and the shortcoming of pulsed beam current can only be provided.
4, adopt the generation device of electron cyclotron resonace ion source among the present invention, cheap investment that this ion source has and operating cost and the advantages such as heavy ion that can produce multiple class, multi-charge attitude as heavy ion.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
The structural representation of synchrotron C among Fig. 2 Fig. 1 of the present invention (injection part);
The structural representation (extension) of synchrotron C among Fig. 3 Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Six pole magnet structural representation among the synchrotron C among Fig. 4 Fig. 1 of the present invention.
The level and vertical radius schematic diagram of heavy ion beam current motion among the synchrotron C among Fig. 5 Fig. 1 of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the most preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing:
See Fig. 1,2,3, the described accelerator that is used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams, include ion source E and synchrotron C, its characteristics are: the ion beam injection end at synchrotron C is provided with fan focusing cyclotron A or/and separate fan focusing cyclotron B.Described synchrotron C includes the injection septum magnet device 5 that is connected by ion beam transport line F, draws septum magnet device 6, high frequency accelerator 9, eight synchrotron bending section 1-1 to 1-8 and eight synchrotron straightway 2-1 to 2-8.
Described synchrotron the 1st bending section 1-1 includes the 1st, the 2 two dipolar magnet 3-1,3-2; Synchrotron the 2nd bending section 1-2 includes the 15th, the 16 two dipolar magnet 3-15,3-16; Synchrotron the 3rd bending section 1-3 includes the 13rd, the 14 two dipolar magnet 3-13,3-14 and the 2nd electrostatic deflection plates 9-2; Synchrotron the 4th bending section 1-4 includes the 11st, the 12 two dipolar magnet 3-11,3-12; Synchrotron the 5th bending section 1-5 includes the 9th, the 10 two dipolar magnet 3-9,3-10; Synchrotron the 6th bending section 1-6 includes the 7th, the 8 two dipolar magnet 3-7,3-8; Synchrotron the 7th bending section 1-7 includes the 5th, the 6 two dipolar magnet 3-5,3-6; Synchrotron the 8th bending section 1-8 includes the 3rd, the 4 two dipolar magnet 3-3,3-4.
Described synchrotron the 1st straightway 2-1 includes the 1st, the 2nd, the 30 3 quadrupole magnet 7-1,7-2,7-30 and the 3rd, the 4 two six pole magnet 8-3,8-4; Synchrotron the 2nd straightway 2-2 includes the 24th, the 25th, the 26th, the 27th, the 28th, the 29 6 quadrupole magnet 7-24,7-25,7-26,7-27,7-28,7-29 and the 1st electrostatic deflection plates 9-1; Synchrotron the 3rd straightway 2-3 includes the 21st, the 22nd, the 23 3 quadrupole magnet 7-21,7-22,7-23 and the 7th, the 8 two six pole magnet 8-7,8-8; Synchrotron the 4th straightway 2-4 includes the 18th, the 19th, the 20 3 quadrupole magnet 7-18,7-19,7-20; Synchrotron the 5th straightway 2-5 includes the 15th, the 16th, the 17 3 quadrupole magnet 7-15,7-16,7-17 and the 5th, the 6 two six pole magnet 8-5,8-6; Synchrotron the 6th straightway 2-6 includes the 9th, the 10th, the 11st, the 12nd, the 13rd, the 14 6 quadrupole magnet 7-9,7-10,7-11,7-12,7-13,7-14 and cooling device 11; Synchrotron the 7th straightway 2-7 includes the 6th, the 7 two quadrupole magnet 7-6,7-7 and the 1st, the 2 two six pole magnet 8-1,8-2; Synchrotron the 8th straightway 2-8 includes the 3rd, the 4 two quadrupole magnet 7-3,7-4 and RF excited device 10.
Also include be used for will quicken through cyclotron the ion injection septum magnet device 5 of introducing synchrotron C be arranged on synchrotron the 1st straightway 2-1; Described being used for is arranged on synchrotron the 3rd straightway 2-3 with the septum magnet device 6 of drawing that the ion that quickens through synchrotron C is drawn; Described high frequency accelerator 9 is arranged in the synchrotron straightway, and high frequency accelerator 9 is single or multiple.
Described synchrotron C also includes and peels off injection device, peels off injection device and includes and be located at the 1st on synchrotron the 8th straightway 2-8 and play rail magnet 4-1, be located at the 2nd on synchrotron the 1st bending section 1-1 and play rail magnet 4-2, be located at the 3rd on synchrotron the 2nd bending section 1-2 and play rail magnet 4-3, be located at the 4th on synchrotron the 2nd straightway 2-2 and play rail magnet 4-4 and be located at stripping film 4-5 on the 16th dipolar magnet 3-16.
The described accelerator that is used for cancer therapy with protons-heavy ion beams, its ion source E adopts the proton-heavy ion source body of existing technology maturation, as electron cyclotron resonace (ECR) ion source etc., synchrotron C is used to adjust proton and ion beam current is strong, energy etc. relates to the quality of beam parameter of controlling the cancer requirement, during use the ion beam after quickening through synchrotron C introduced the treatment of cancer terminal D that is used for irradiated lesion.
Synchrotron C of the present invention is one and is made of the racetrack structure with quadruple circulation eight synchrotron bending section 1-1 to 1-8 and eight synchrotron straightway 2-1 to 2-8.Each bending section is furnished with the dipolar magnet of change proton-ion beam direction.Be provided with the many groups quadrupole magnet that is used to adjust the beam focusing structure in the straight sections, be used for the some six pole magnets that chromaticity is proofreaied and correct and drawn slowly, at least one proton-ion accelerator, Jue Ding beam stacking device according to actual needs, necessary beam diagnostics element, proton, the heavy ion beam current that cyclotron is provided are injected into the injection element in the synchrotron and its deflection are gone out the line extraction elements of synchrotron.
Dipolar magnet of the present invention is coil and the magnetic pole with H type structure, and its structure in my patent No. of unit application is: open in 200820028897.9 the patent, be used for proton-ion beam in the certain angle of horizontal deflection.Its structure of quadrupole magnet in my patent No. of unit application is: open in 200820028898.3 and 200820028900.7 the patent, be used for adjusting the envelope that proton, ion beam current move at synchrotron, realize the transverse focusing of line or vertically defocus the lateral stability of assurance line shuttling movement in synchrotron.The structure of six pole magnet is seen shown in Figure 4, and the chromaticity that is used for proton-ion beam is proofreaied and correct, and its another important use is to adjust the size of stability region in the line stage of drawing.Ion beam transport line F mainly contains: change the dipolar magnet of beam direction, adjust the quadrupole magnet of beam focusing, the rectification magnet that partial orbit is proofreaied and correct.Beam diagnostics equipment etc.
Accompanying drawing 5 schematically illustrates among the synchrotron C, and ion beam is made the envelope of circumnutation.Curve X represents the radius of horizontal direction ion beam, and curve Y represents the radius of vertical direction ion beam.Every curve ordinate in the drawings is unit with the millimeter, in the synchrotron be with rice unit path length in the drawings abscissa represent.Compare with known heavy-ion cancer therapy synchronous accelerator, it is big to have horizontal line size, changes little characteristics, therefore adopts the present invention can reduce synchrotron to injecting the requirement of line matching condition.
The realization detailed process of technical solution of the present invention can be described as:
1, provide clinical research needed ion by ion source, ion source provides mass number smaller or equal to 40 proton, heavy ion,
2, beam corridor proton, heavy ion that ion source is provided is transported to the cyclotron inlet and injects, and the injection condition that satisfies synchrotron brought up to proton, ion beam energy by cyclotron;
3, with proton, heavy ion after cyclotron is drawn, be transported to synchrotron inlet and realize injecting accumulation, reach the needed ion populations of clinical treatment;
4, according to the ion energy of clinical needs, in synchrotron, ion is accelerated to energy needed.
5, draw platform at synchrotron, adopt slow outbound course that proton, heavy ion are drawn, and be transported to and control the cancer terminal, under the effect of controlling the cancer final element, the ion beam irradiation that will meet clinical requirement reaches heavy-ion cancer therapy clinical practice purpose to focus.
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| CN101917815B (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Heavy ion or proton synchrotron with medical deflection magnetic focusing structure |
| CN102469677B (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2015-01-14 | 北京大基康明医疗设备有限公司 | Method for accelerating electron beam in multistep way and multistep linear accelerator |
| CN102548182A (en) * | 2012-01-14 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Operation method for eliminating hysteresis effect influence of synchronous accelerator |
| WO2013121503A1 (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2013-08-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Septum electromagnet and particle beam therapy device |
| US9661735B2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2017-05-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Synchrotron injector system, and synchrotron system operation method |
| CN106961781B (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-12-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of cyclotron peels off target drive device |
| CN109451648B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-10-15 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A high-current circular accelerator extraction structure and method |
| CN109842986B (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2021-01-01 | 惠州离子科学研究中心 | Fast-cycle synchrotrons and accelerator systems with uniform transverse beams |
| CN112822830B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-08-18 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Proton and light ion synchrotrons, therapeutic systems incorporating them and applications |
| CN112704818B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Popular type light ion tumor treatment device |
| CN113209501B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-06-20 | 兰州科近泰基新技术有限责任公司 | A miniaturized ion beam therapy device |
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