CN101621825B - A method for predicting wireless signal field strength and drawing network coverage maps by making full use of measured data - Google Patents
A method for predicting wireless signal field strength and drawing network coverage maps by making full use of measured data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明使用模式识别技术，有差别地、更充分地使用实测数据。通过对每个小区(即天线)各自不同的片区划分方法，能够反映出小区周围不同地形地貌的不同影响，并消除同向同性问题；对于路测密度越高的地域，片区划分密度越大，进一步提高预测精度；同时，对饶射和反射效果进行简化的预测，进一步考虑地形地貌影响和消除同向同性问题。
The invention uses the pattern recognition technology to use the measured data differently and more fully. By dividing each cell (that is, antenna) differently, it can reflect the different influences of different topography and landforms around the cell, and eliminate the problem of isotropy; for areas with higher drive test density, the greater the area division density, Further improve the prediction accuracy; at the same time, simplify the prediction of the radiation and reflection effects, further consider the influence of terrain and landform and eliminate the problem of isotropy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless technical field.Relate in particular to a kind of wireless network signal strength prediction, and wireless network covers the method that distribution map is drawn.
Background technology
Wireless network covers map, is through on map, use various colors, represent the coverage condition of different districts (cell) in the wireless network, comprise the covering two ways, and the signal strength signal intensity of overlay area.High-precision covering map is the important evidence of radio network optimization, and it can intuitively, clearly demonstrate sub-district coverage condition and many problems that possibly exist, and is for improving the utilance that wireless network covers, guaranteeing the strong scientific instrument of network quality.
Covering drawing Map is from putting the process of face.When not covering map; Has only each measured data (being drive test frequency sweep data) isolated, that be positioned at the different location; The Predicting Technique of passing through is predicted the signal strength signal intensity that other do not have place, drive test data place, thereby obtains the covering distribution situation on the entire city regional " face ".At last, through GIS-Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, with visual result be presented on the map.
At present, predict that both at home and abroad radio transmission field intensity and the method for drawing the covering map mainly are divided into three kinds: empirical approach (like the 0kumura-Hata model), half is confirmed method (like Ikegami-Walfi sch model) and Deterministic Methods (like ray casting).Empirical approach is mainly come the estimation model parameter with measured data, does not consider diffraction and reflection, realizes simply relatively, and prediction can on the macrocellular yardstick, use on a large scale, but precision is lower fast.Deterministic Methods such as ray tracing rule are followed the trail of every radio wave trajectory and loss, thereby are reached better precision of prediction through according to building feature on the 3D map and distribution situation.Half confirm method to specific housing-group (by size, shape, highly, at interval, the essentially identical building of direction forms) ray propagates located simplifies.
The field intensity prediction technology is the technological core that covers mapping, and precision of prediction has directly determined to cover the precision and the quality of map.
Three types of Forecasting Methodologies above-mentioned respectively have its shortcoming:
Traditional experience property method is mainly come the estimation model parameter with measured data, does not consider diffraction and reflection, does not also take into full account the landforms influence, though calculate fast, accuracy can't reach higher level.The semidefiniteness method is primarily aimed at interval, direction and highly essentially identical housing-group are analyzed and researched, and this housing-group characteristic and do not meet the actual characteristic of each city housing-group.Assessing the cost of Deterministic Methods is high, can't wide-scale adoption.Simultaneously; It also needs very abundant all kinds of accurately parameters, comprises the housing-group of different construction materials and the diffracted reflection parameter of different landforms, even comprises the air index under the different weather situation; Concerning the city that urban construction is maked rapid progress, Changes in weather is more frequent; These data are difficult to obtain and keep upgrading timely and effectively, and therefore, the precision of prediction of ray-tracing procedure will receive very big influence.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the present invention is based on empirical approach, improves precision of prediction through the means of supplementing out economy.
Further analysis to traditional experience property method shows:
1) traditional experience type method is not considered the topography and geomorphology influence.This is the not high basic reason of empirical method precision of prediction.
2) traditional empirical approach is an equality to the utilization of measured data, and is promptly irrelevant with drive test density.When a certain panel region drive test point was very close, the rule-of-thumb approach method was difficult to effectively reduce in this regional predicated error.
3) though some traditional experience type methods utilize the topographical correction factor to describe the topography and geomorphology effect; But because correction factor is nondirectional, identical to all sub-districts (antenna), on coverage diagram is drawn; The topographical correction factor of sub-district can be cancelled each other; As a result, though the field intensity prediction precision improved, but very little to the corrective action of coverage diagram.(being called same sex problem in the same way in this document)
To this, the present invention uses mode identification technology, uses measured data differentially, more fully.Through to the different separately section division methods in each sub-district (being antenna), can reflect the sub-district Different Effects of different terrain landforms on every side, and eliminate same sex problem in the same way; For the high more region of drive test density, section division density is big more, further improves precision of prediction; Simultaneously, penetrate the prediction of simplifying with reflecting effect, further consider the topography and geomorphology influence and eliminate same sex problem in the same way rich.
The present invention provides a kind of wireless signal field prediction and network coverage drawing Map method that makes full use of measured data, and it may further comprise the steps:
A) read in frequency sweep data and base station/cell parameter (skill ginseng table data);
B) the frequency sweep data are carried out preliminary treatment;
C), carry out the self adaptation of section and divide to the neighboring area of each sub-district;
D), set up its field intensity prediction model to each section;
E) read in map datum;
F) the target cities map is carried out gridding;
G), estimate the rich parameter of penetrating and reflecting, and calculate the loss value of diffraction and reflection in each grid according to the topography and geomorphology in frequency sweep data and the map datum;
H) data are according to the map judged geographical pattern automatically, and are calculated the topographical correction factor of all grids;
I) according to the result of step D, G, H, predict in all grids, the field intensity value of each sub-district, thus obtain the main coverage cell of each grid.
Wherein, said frequency sweep data comprise the measurement place (longitude and latitude) of each data, BSIC, BCCH; Measured value, Measuring Time etc., said skill ginseng table data comprise the Cell_ID of each sub-district, longitude and latitude; BCCH, BSIC, antenna height, transmitting power, antenna gain, antenna type; Horizontal azimuth, angle of declination, whether microcellulor antenna etc.
Wherein, the frequency sweep data are carried out preliminary treatment comprise: reject obvious irrational drive test data, sweep the survey data for each and seek its home cell by BCCH (frequency) and BSIC (colour coding), and the predistortion of diffraction and reflection effect etc.
Wherein, said predistortion is the band process that changes repeatedly of an elimination and parameter Estimation.
Wherein, in step C, said division can have by angular divisions, by angle+radially divide, by the lay of the land division etc., let the topography and geomorphology in the section all identical or close as far as possible.
Wherein, at no road frequency sweep measuring point or the sparse place of measuring point, the size of section is bigger, divides more sparse; At the intensive place of frequency sweep measuring point, the size of section is less, divides and compares comparatively dense.
Wherein, in step D, according to the least square method of matrix form, estimate the model parameter of each section, for the section that does not have the frequency sweep data, its parameter is obtained by the parameter fitting of peripheral section.
Wherein, said map datum comprises the shape in every building, highly, the shape of road, towards, width, and the shape of rivers and lakes, the contours in mountain region etc. are map vector data.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the flow chart of technical scheme of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is Milky Way sports center one band diffraction loss and reflection sketch map;
Accompanying drawing 3 is geographical distributions of Milky Way sports center one band housing-group density;
Accompanying drawing 4 is detail flowcharts of realizing the concrete system of the inventive method;
Accompanying drawing 5 be in the formula of reduction of diffraction decay θ and db concern sketch map;
Accompanying drawing 6 is reflection effect sketch mapes;
Accompanying drawing 7 is that adaptive chip is distinguished modelling and the field intensity prediction sketch map of drawing;
Accompanying drawing 8 is training and applicating flow charts of empirical simplification diffraction model;
Accompanying drawing 9 is based on the modeling and the applicating flow chart of the radio-wave reflection effect of measured data;
Accompanying drawing 10 is the automatic identification process figure of geographical pattern.
Embodiment
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, the invention provides a kind of wireless signal field prediction and network coverage drawing Map method that makes full use of measured data, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: read in frequency sweep data and skill ginseng table.The frequency sweep data comprise the measurement place (longitude and latitude) of each data, BSIC, BCCH, measured value, Measuring Time etc.Whether skill ginseng table data comprise the Cell_ID of each sub-district, longitude and latitude, BCCH, BSIC, antenna height, transmitting power, antenna gain, antenna type, horizontal azimuth, angle of declination, microcellulor antenna etc.
Step 2: comprising: reject obvious irrational drive test data, sweep the survey data for each and seek its home cell by BCCH (frequency) and BSIC (colour coding), and the predistortion of diffraction and reflection effect etc.The reason of carrying out predistortion is that the frequency sweep data have comprised the possible diffraction and the effect of reflection, so will eliminate these effects earlier, could carry out correct parameter Estimation to the method for simplifying of diffraction and reflection.Because the diffraction and the reflecting effect that need to eliminate depend on correct parameter Estimation, so actual predistortion is the band process that changes repeatedly of an elimination and parameter Estimation.
Step 3:, carry out the self adaptation of section and divide to the neighboring area of each sub-district.The neighboring area (360 degree scope) of each sub-district is divided into a plurality of sections.Division methods can have by angular divisions, by angle+radially divide, by the lay of the land division etc.The principle of dividing is to let the topography and geomorphology in the section all identical or close as far as possible.Like this, the topography and geomorphology factor of sub-district periphery diverse location just is absorbed in the section of this position into.Thereby whole prediction is equivalent to consider the topography and geomorphology factor, has improved precision of prediction greatly.
In addition, the section density of dividing is according to the density adaptive change of frequency sweep data.At no road frequency sweep measuring point or the sparse place of measuring point, the size of section is bigger, divide more sparse, to reduce the blank section of no frequency sweep measuring point, the reliability that increase predicts the outcome; At the intensive place of frequency sweep measuring point, the size of section is less, divides than comparatively dense, to improve precision of prediction.
Step 4:, set up its field intensity prediction model to each section.According to the least square method of matrix form, estimate the model parameter of each section.For the section that does not have the frequency sweep data, its parameter is obtained by the parameter fitting of peripheral section.
Step 5: read in map datum.Map datum comprises the shape in every building, highly, the shape of road, towards, width, and the shape of rivers and lakes, the contours in mountain region etc. are map vector data.
Step 6: the target cities map is carried out gridding.As for Guangzhou, region-wide about 7300 square kilometres, sizing grid is a 12.5*12.5 rice, then about 4.7 thousand ten thousand effective grids altogether.
Step 7: according to the topography and geomorphology in frequency sweep data and the map datum, estimate the rich parameter of penetrating and reflecting, and calculate the loss of diffraction and reflection in each grid.
Penetrate the diffraction simulation result that theory (UTD) provides according to electromagnetic consistency is rich, can see that rich relation of penetrating the loss angle in shadow region is approximately straight line.Can set up the simplification computing formula that proposes the diffraction decay thus.Through frequency sweep data and map datum, estimate the parameters of formula value with least square method.To each grid, calculate every solitary building and penetrate loss value in this grid Shangrao then, the total rich loss value of penetrating of this grid is the rich maximum of penetrating loss of every solitary building generation.This is once rich computational methods of penetrating, and repeatedly band can get repeatedly rich total losses value of penetrating repeatedly.
Figure attaches in 2 the point of different gray scales and has also represented the significant reflection characteristic.The point of light color representes that error (measured value-do not count reflex time predicted value) is less, and stain representes that error is bigger.Can see distance at a distance, error is bigger.This can clearly express, and error is brought by reflection gain, and this road is reflection effect zone significantly to Target cell.
Through adding the rich calculation of effect of penetrating and reflecting, precision of prediction can further improve, and same sex problem is further alleviated in the same way simultaneously.
Step 8: data according to the map, judge geographical pattern automatically, and calculate the topographical correction factor of all grids.The present invention is through the spatial analysis of housing-group; Obtain housing-group density geographic distribution, thereby, judge to belong to urban compact district, inferior compact district, open area or villages within the city automatically to the grid of each map; And need not as other like products, use special topographic map.Through different geographical patterns are given and different field intensity correction factors, precision of prediction is further enhanced.
Fig. 3 has provided the distribution of the housing-group density of Milky Way sports center, Guangzhou one band.Green area has manifested the result of the spatial analysis of housing-group density, and the result shows the significantly different of open ground and business district clearly.
Characteristic of the present invention is the improvement technology that has proposed following 5 innovations:
1. section partitioning technology.
Peripheral region to each sub-district carries out the section division, and model parameter estimation is independently carried out in different sections.Thereby topography and geomorphology influences different around the sub-district can be distinguished by the section, have significantly improved precision of prediction.Simultaneously, be different because the section of different sub-districts is divided, same sex problem is able to eliminate to a great extent in the same way.
2. the section adaptive technique of dividing.
Consider that actual drive test point density degree is different on different regions, the present invention is in the intensive area of drive test point, and the section is smaller, divides than comparatively dense, thereby can further improve precision of prediction; In the sparse area of drive test point, the section is bigger, divide more sparse, thereby can guarantee the reliability of whole field intensity prediction system.
3. implementing the simplification of the diffraction effect of radio wave calculates.
Traditional experience property method is not considered diffraction of electromagnetic wave, and this is one of lower reason of its precision.The present invention proposes and has implemented a kind of to rich simplification computational methods of penetrating, and comes further to improve precision of prediction.In addition; What diffraction calculating slowly was different with complicacy in the Deterministic Methods is that the rich computational methods of penetrating among the present invention are very simple, calculate quick relatively; Its parameter can be revised according to measured data, thereby can be applicable to most of housing-group and landforms in the target cities basically.
4. implementing the simplification of the reflecting effect of radio wave calculates.
Traditional experience property method is not considered the reflection of electromagnetic wave between building, and this is one of lower reason of its precision.The present invention proposes and has implemented a kind of simplification computational methods to reflecting effect, comes further to improve precision of prediction.Calculate with complicated and reflection slowly in the Deterministic Methods and different to be, reflecting effect of the present invention calculates simple, and its parameter can be revised according to measured data, thereby can be applicable to most of housing-group and landforms in the target cities basically.
5. judge the landform technology automatically.
Main flow covers in the map business software abroad, often need proofread and correct according to landform, and reading in of landform (like urban compact district, inferior compact district, open area etc.) data needs special map.The present invention uses the geoanalysis method, and the high map in existing building is analyzed, and can judge zones such as urban compact district, inferior compact district, open area automatically, thereby not need special map, has significantly reduced the cost of map aspect.
The detail flowchart of realizing concrete system of the present invention is as shown in Figure 4.After the step 1 (reading in measured data and skill ginseng table) and step 2 (data preliminary treatment) of carrying out technique scheme,, all measured datas are divided into multiclass according to the clustering algorithm of appointment.System supports multiple clustering method, and the clustering procedure of recommendation is self-adaption cluster (being " graduation of the adaptive section " technology described in the technique scheme).In each cluster, with measured data estimation model parameter.Thereby accomplish the model training process.When drawing coverage diagram, for each meter grid, judge the cluster under it, the calculation of parameter through this cluster goes out the field intensity value.The sub-district that the field intensity of each grid is maximum, the main coverage cell of grid for this reason.Thereby can draw out the covering map.Though calculate fast, because grid is very many, so introduced parallel computation in the computing engines.Result of calculation is kept in the database; In independently developed webgis system, represent, and can be exchanged into the suitable data form, appear at MapInfo and Google Earth; Also can pass through general WMS Service data exchange agreement, offer other gis softwares or system the visit and represent.
Key technology is described in detail:
1. distinguish the technology of drawing based on the adaptive chip of road test data distribution density.
A. be divided into some sections to 360 degree scopes of each sub-district, a group model parameter is estimated as a cluster in each section.Like this, the characters of ground object of different angles will be absorbed in the model parameter of corresponding cluster into, thereby improve the accuracy of model.
B. for improving utilance to measured data; The cluster subtended angle is with the adaptive change of drive test density: at no drive test data or the sparse place of drive test data; The section size is bigger; The section is more sparse, and the higher weight of field conversion that calculates of large scale section, to guarantee whole field intensity prediction result's reliability; Put densely distributed place at drive test, the size of section is less, and the section is closeer, and the field intensity value that the small size section calculates accounts for higher weight, puts the field intensity prediction precision at intensive place thereby improve at drive test.
Modelling that the adaptive chip differentiation is drawn and field intensity prediction are shown in accompanying drawing 7.
Test shows, among the present invention, this technology plays significant feature to improving the covering accuracy of map.
2. based on the empirical equation of the radio wave diffraction of the simplification of measured data
Theoretic electromagnetic wave diffraction formula is very complicated, and computational efficiency slowly and require the diffraction parameter of correct measurement building.The present invention proposes the formula of reduction of the diffraction decay of simplification according to the theoretical simulation result of electromagnetic wave consistency diffraction (UTD).Wherein LD is a diffraction loss, and the implication of θ and db is shown in accompanying drawing 5, and Kr1, Kr3 are undetermined parameter.
L
D＝Kr1*θ+Kr2*d
b+Kr3
Wherein Kr1, Kr2 and building and diffraction splitter are irrelevant, and Kr3 is relevant with the electric wave flux of building and diffraction splitter.This formula is the empirical formula of a diffraction, if can calculate the electric wave flux through LD, and then formula can iterate use, thus can emulation the electric wave stack result of diffraction repeatedly in the reality.
The training of empirical simplification diffraction model and application flow are shown in accompanying drawing 8.
3. based on the modeling of the radio-wave reflection effect of measured data
The present invention finds that the reflections affect of Gu Lou is not remarkable when analyzing measured data.The apparent in view place of reflection effect as shown in Figure 7 mainly appears at: when sub-district and street/road were on same straight line, because the reflection of stack, signal intensity ratio had obvious enhancing when not having emission, enhancing amount with apart from being directly proportional.Thereby can following model formation be proposed to this kind situation:
L
R＝Kr4*lg(d)+Kr5
Wherein d is the horizontal range of calculation level to antenna.Kr4 and Kr5 are undetermined parameters, estimate through drive test data.
Based on the modeling of the radio-wave reflection effect of measured data and application flow shown in accompanying drawing 9.
4. the automatic differentiation of many kinds of geographical patterns
Through the spatial analysis of housing-group, through spatial analysis, judge urban compact district, inferior compact district, open area and villages within the city automatically, thereby do not need special topographic map the building.Each grid is judged geographical pattern, and give different topographical correction correction factors, can improve the precision of field intensity prediction according to geographical pattern.
The automatic identification process of geographical pattern is shown in accompanying drawing 10.
(1) the present invention compared with prior art with methods such as section graduation, calculating diffraction and reflection effects, handles the influence of the terrain and its features factor of different regions, has improved accuracy of predicting.
(2) experimental field intensity prediction method is not considered the geographical distribution density degree of frequency sweep data; The present invention is then according to the density degree of drive test; Trimmer is distinguished the density of drawing adaptively, when guaranteeing predicting reliability, has improved the precision of prediction of measured data close quarters.
(3) also there is same sex problem in the same way in field intensity prediction to covering accurately between the map accurately.The present invention adopts the section graduation, calculates methods such as diffraction and reflection effect, when improving precision of prediction, also can eliminate same sex problem in the same way greatly.
(4) confirm that with half of field intensity prediction method compares with Deterministic Methods, the present invention has been because of having made full use of measured data, and it is quick to have calculating, more meets the advantage of target cities actual conditions etc.
(5) can judge the classes of geographic areas that grid belongs to automatically, save special map.
Claims (1)
1. a wireless signal field prediction and network coverage drawing Map method that makes full use of measured data, it may further comprise the steps:
Whether A) read in frequency sweep data and skill ginseng table data, said skill ginseng table data comprise the Cell_ID of each sub-district, longitude and latitude, BCCH, BSIC, antenna height, transmitting power, antenna gain, antenna type, horizontal azimuth, angle of declination, microcellulor antenna;
B) the frequency sweep data are carried out preliminary treatment;
C), carry out the self adaptation of section and divide to the neighboring area of each sub-district; Said self adaptation is divided to be specially and is divided into a plurality of sections to the neighboring area of each sub-district; Said division has to add radially by angular divisions or by angle divides or divides by lay of the land, lets the topography and geomorphology in the section all identical or close as far as possible; Wherein, at no frequency sweep measuring point or the sparse place of frequency sweep measuring point, the size of section is bigger, divides more sparse; At the intensive place of frequency sweep measuring point, the size of section is less, divides and compares comparatively dense;
D), set up its field intensity prediction model to each section;
E) read in map datum;
F) the target cities map is carried out gridding;
G), estimate the parameter of diffraction and reflection, and calculate the loss value of diffraction and reflection in each grid according to the topography and geomorphology in frequency sweep data and the map datum;
H) data are according to the map judged geographical pattern automatically, and are calculated the topographical correction factor of all grids;
I) according to the result of step D, G, H, predict in all grids, the field intensity value of each sub-district, thus obtain the main coverage cell of each grid.
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| CN102395136B (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院研究生院 | A method and system for calculating traffic distribution based on adjacent cell field strength information |
| CN103596190A (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-19 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | Method and apparatus for determining cell coverage concentration |
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| CN103118384B (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2015-07-01 | 重庆邮电大学 | Presentation method for drive test data of wireless communication system |
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| CN111507897B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2023-12-01 | 国家无线电监测中心陕西监测站 | Urban field intensity reconstruction method based on self-adaptive hybrid interpolation |
| CN110048790A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-07-23 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | A kind of electric system wireless communication field intensity prediction method based on UTD |
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