CN101616890A - 制备基本不含z-异构体的恩他卡朋的方法、其合成中间体和一种新的晶形 - Google Patents
制备基本不含z-异构体的恩他卡朋的方法、其合成中间体和一种新的晶形 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过形成有机盐或无机盐、特别是哌啶盐或钠盐,而由3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯甲醛和N,N-二甲基氰基乙酰胺,或直接由恩他卡朋(E)-和(Z)-异构体的混合物制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的新方法。一种新的恩他卡朋晶形G可由该方法以快速、有效且简便的方式制得,并且基本不含Z-异构体。本发明的另一目的是一种包含所述恩他卡朋晶形的药用组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过形成作为反应中间体的有机盐或无机盐而制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋(Entacapone)的新方法。
本发明还涉及在所述方法中形成的新的反应中间体,特别是基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋盐。
本发明还涉及一种新的晶形G,以及一种包含所述晶形的药用组合物。
背景技术
恩他卡朋是一种适应症为治疗帕金森氏病的COMT(儿茶酚-氧位-甲基转移酶)抑制剂。出于治疗目的使用的是纯E-异构体。恩他卡朋的化学命名为(2E)-2-氰基-3-(3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯基)-N,N-二乙基-2-丙烯酰胺,其结构如下所示:
恩他卡朋最早作为(E)-和(Z)-两种几何异构体的区域异构体混合物(regioisomeric mixture)公开于专利US 4,963,590中。有关所述异构体分离的技术没有报道。
之后,专利US-5,131,950公开了一种稳定的晶形,命名为恩他卡朋晶形A。根据所述US专利,得到的恩他卡朋为(E)-和(Z)-两种几何异构体的混合物,比例分别为70-80%和30-20%。此外,该专利的作者发现恩他卡朋(E-异构体)以两种多晶型A和B的形式存在;(Z)-异构体和晶形B表现出不稳定性。
专利US-5,131,950中描述的制备恩他卡朋晶形A的方法包括使粗制恩他卡朋(Z/E)在催化量HBr/HCl的存在下于含有1或2个碳原子的脂族羧酸中结晶。如专利US-5,131,950中所述,这样获得的恩他卡朋晶形A为一种最多含有3%的Z-异构体或其它多晶型物的化合物。
另一方面,必须指出,还存在描述恩他卡朋的其它晶形的其它专利申请,例如国际专利申请WO 05/066117-A、WO 05/063695-A和WO05/063696-A。
本发明的目的是提供一种通过形成有机盐或无机盐而制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的新方法,其中还可获得一种新的纯且稳定的恩他卡朋化合物晶形G,所述晶形G可简单、快速且高产率地制备,并可表征和重现。
发明内容
本发明的所述方面为提供一种通过形成作为反应中间体的有机盐或无机盐而制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的新方法。
本发明的另一方面为由上述新的方法制得的新的晶形G,以及包含所述晶形G的药用组合物。
因此,本发明的另一方面是由制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的方法产生的合成中间体。具体而言,本发明的又一目的为以合成中间体形式获得的恩他卡朋盐。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的第一、第二和第三方面,提供了一种通过形成作为反应中间体的有机盐或无机盐而制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的新方法。进而在某些条件下获得了一种新的恩他卡朋多晶型G。
根据本发明的第一方面,本文提供一种制备基本不含Z-异构体的式(I)的恩他卡朋的方法,
包括以下步骤:
i)恩他卡朋混合物(E/Z)(II)与有机碱或无机碱在合适的溶剂中反应,以提供E-异构体富集的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐:
其中A+为质子化碱或碱的阳离子,所使用的碱分别为有机碱或无机碱;
ii)E-异构体富集的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐与酸在合适的溶剂中反应,以获得式(I)的基本不含Z-异构体的(E)-2-氰基-3-(3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯基)-N,N-二乙基-2-丙烯酰胺(恩他卡朋):
通常,当提到恩他卡朋混合物(Z/E)与碱在合适的溶剂中时,特别是当恩他卡朋盐在反应介质中沉淀时,已观测到所得混合物为E-异构体富集。所述令人惊讶的作用可借助于碱通过形成相应的恩他卡朋盐将Z-异构体转变为E-异构体。
该发现与专利-5,131,950中所述相反:在后一份专利中,其作者认为在酸的影响下通过使粗制恩他卡朋(Z/E)在催化量HBr/HCl的存在下于脂族羧酸中结晶,从而可将Z-异构体简单地转变为E-异构体。
虽然本发明无关于解释恩他卡朋的Z-异构体如何转变为E-异构体的具体理论,但本发明的作者认为这一转变可能是由离域的阴离子(unlocated anion)通过分子中的双键共轭体系产生,如图所示。
用作方法中的原料的粗制恩他卡朋(Z/E)可根据例如专利US-4,963,590中描述的方法制得,或可通过部分地实施专利申请WO2005/063695-A的实施例3.1、而不使用HBr/AcOH进行处理来获得。
因此,在本发明的一个可选实施方案中,恩他卡朋混合物(E/Z)可通过式(V)的3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯甲醛化合物与式(VI)的N,N-二甲基氰基乙酰胺在碱的存在下于合适的溶剂、优选醇溶剂中反应而原位生成,从而使所得恩他卡朋混合物(E/Z)(II)在反应介质中转变为E-异构体富集的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐,定义如上。
令人惊奇地,本发明的作者已发现,基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋可通过形成作为恩他卡朋反应中间体的有机盐或无机盐而制得。
所使用的碱可为有机碱或无机碱。对于有机碱而言,优选选自哌啶、哌嗪和吗啉,更优选为哌啶。对于无机碱而言,优选选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物,更优选为氢氧化钠。
当基于含恩他卡朋混合物(Z/E)的粗制物时,相对每摩尔恩他卡朋混合物(Z/E)(II),所使用的碱量在1至3摩尔之间,优选1.5摩尔;或者,当恩他卡朋混合物(Z/E)通过式(V)的3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯甲醛化合物与式(VI)的N,N-二甲基氰基乙酰胺反应而原位生成时,上述所使用的碱量则为相对于每摩尔化合物(V)。
所使用的溶剂优选为链状C1-4醇。更优选地,所述溶剂选自异丙醇和乙醇。
上述步骤i)得到的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐通过与酸反应而转变为基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋。所述转变可在过滤分离恩他卡朋盐后进行,或可不分离所述盐而原位进行。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋可由一锅(one pot)反应制得,其中步骤i)和ii)不经分离即可进行。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,恩他卡朋盐(III)通过过滤与反应介质分离,并与酸在一种溶剂或溶剂混合物中反应。优选地,将恩他卡朋盐悬浮于链状C1-C4醇中、更优选悬浮于异丙醇或乙醇中,然后与酸反应。
所使用的酸可为有机酸或无机酸。对于无机酸而言,优选使用盐酸。对于有机酸而言,优选使用对甲苯磺酸。
酸的量相对于每摩尔式(III)的恩他卡朋盐在1至2摩尔之间,优选1.0至1.5摩尔之间。
在本发明中,“基本不含Z-异构体”意指通过HPLC测定,Z-异构体的量不高于0.5%,优选不高于0.1%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,使用的有机碱为哌啶。因此,得到的反应中间体为恩他卡朋哌啶盐。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,使用的无机碱为氢氧化钠。因此,得到恩他卡朋钠盐。
本发明的另一目的和本发明制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的方法的一个优选实施方案为通过以下步骤制备恩他卡朋新晶形G的方法:
a)将如上定义的步骤i)中所得的E-异构体富集的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐于C1-4醇、优选异丙醇中制备成悬浮液,然后
b)在15至35℃、优选20至30℃的温度下向所述悬浮液中加入稀无机酸,优选浓度为35%的盐酸。
令人惊讶地,在这些条件下得到了新的恩他卡朋晶形(形状G)。所述新的恩他卡朋晶形G以稳定的形状高产率且高纯度地获得。这些特性使这一新的多晶型物适用于开发药用产品。
优选地,新的恩他卡朋晶形G由恩他卡朋哌啶盐(IIIa)或恩他卡朋钠盐(IIIb)制得。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种药用组合物,包括与一种或多种赋形剂或其它可药用助剂相结合的恩他卡朋晶形G。
对所述新的恩他卡朋晶形G进行了表征。
对于X-射线粉末衍射图的记录而言,使用了具有以下参数的衍射计:
PANALYTICAL XPERT PRO
铜管,40kV且40mA。
X CELERATOR检测器
2-45°角扫描(2θ)。步长:0.050°。
扫描步进时间(Scanning step time):46.08s。
石墨单色器。自动狭缝(automatic slit)。
具有旋转器的旋转持样器(Revolving sample holder withspinner)。
表征新的恩他卡朋晶形G的晶面间d-间距和相对密度如表1所示。
表1
X-射线衍射峰
2θ | D | 相对密度(%) |
5.92 | 14.93 | 100.00 |
13.43 | 6.59 | 3.33 |
13.77 | 6.43 | 5.16 |
14.07 | 6.29 | 5.53 |
14.68 | 6.03 | 13.68 |
14.98 | 5.91 | 17.49 |
17.81 | 4.98 | 16.80 |
18.20 | 4.87 | 25.59 |
20.27 | 4.38 | 13.09 |
21.53 | 4.13 | 3.23 |
22.58 | 3.94 | 1.87 |
23.43 | 3.80 | 6.69 |
23.81 | 3.73 | 9.48 |
25.04 | 3.56 | 9.44 |
25.48 | 3.49 | 7.56 |
26.61 | 3.35 | 12.97 |
26.94 | 3.31 | 13.02 |
27.72 | 3.22 | 4.82 |
28.35 | 3.15 | 5.33 |
29.23 | 3.05 | 11.95 |
29.73 | 3.00 | 4.52 |
30.16 | 2.96 | 4.38 |
30.91 | 2.89 | 2.49 |
31.58 | 2.83 | 2.10 |
32.80 | 2.73 | 3.60 |
34.16 | 2.62 | 4.21 |
红外光谱通过在玛瑙研钵中研磨样品浓度含量为1%的KBr与样品的混合物并利用反射作用而得到。表征新的恩他卡朋晶形G的IR典型峰为:
IR(cm-1):3160,3103,2998,2986,2939,2880,2740,2209,1613,1592,1541,1503,1479,1461,1446,1366,1351,1308,1280,1244,1236,1217,1197,1172,1152,1142,1097,1083,1071,1021,995,946,925,903,885,865,805,787,764,727,683,645,609,555。
所得恩他卡朋的纯度通过HPLC检测:
柱:Inertsil ODS-3V,250×4.6mm,5μm
波长:304nm。
流速:1.0mL/min。
温度:30℃
缓冲剂:0.1%的三氟乙酸水溶液。
流动相:梯度。
流经分钟 | 0 | 30 | 35 | 36 | 40 |
%缓冲剂 | 70 | 30 | 30 | 70 | 70 |
%乙腈 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 30 | 30 |
样品制剂:0.2mg/ml溶解于乙腈中。
保留时间:Z-异构体(13.4min);E-异构体(14.3min)。
以下实施例用于说明本发明,而不限制所附权利要求书所定义的对象。
实施例
实施例1.通过使用有机碱哌啶来提供作为合成中间体的恩他卡朋
哌啶盐而由3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸(V)和N,N-二甲基氰基乙酰胺
(VI)制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋的方法
a)获得恩他卡朋哌啶盐(IIIa)的方法
将3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯甲醛(70g;382mmol)、N,N-二乙基羟基乙酰胺(107g;764mmol)、哌啶(56.6ml;573mmol)和乙酸(32.8ml;573mmol)的混合物于异丙醇(700ml)中加热回流约3小时。将所得溶液冷却至室温,并将所得沉淀物在此温度搅拌过夜。最后,将其冷却至0-5℃,过滤,并用异丙醇(140ml)洗涤。所得产物在真空炉中于40℃干燥,得到119g(79.7%产率)有机固体(熔点=152-4℃:HPLC纯度=98.0%(Z-异构体=0.94%))。
IR(cm-1):3190,3038,2975,2828,2723,2547,2201,1631,1607,1542,1480,1439,1387,1357,1318,1265,1221,1187,1176,1156,1074,1018,948,866,834,802,782,681,638,607,562。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CD3OD):7.94(d,J=2.4Hz,1H);7.65(d,J=2.4Hz,1H);7.47(s,1H);3.56(q,J=6.6Hz;4H);3.35-3.16(m,4H);1.84-1.80(m,4H);1.74-1.71(m,2H);1.29(t,J=6.6Hz,6H)。
分析。C14H14N3O5.C5H12N的计算值:C,58.45;H,6.17;N,14.35.测量值:C,58.19;H,6.52;N,14.27。
b)由恩他卡朋哌啶盐(恩他卡朋晶形G)获得基本不含Z-异构体
的恩他卡朋的方法
将含有水(1200ml)和35%HCl水溶液的混合物的溶液在保持20至30℃的温度下加入a)中得到的恩他卡朋哌啶盐(119g;305mmol)的异丙醇(600ml)悬浮液中(29.8ml;335mmol)。将所得沉淀冷却至0-5℃,过滤,并用异丙醇/水(80ml:160ml)洗涤,最后用水(240ml)洗涤。所得产物在真空炉中于40℃干燥,得到84.8g(产率=91.1%)有机固体(熔点=162.4-163.5℃;HPLC纯度=99.8%(Z-异构体=0.05%))。
实施例2.通过使用有机碱哌啶来提供作为合成中间体的恩他卡朋
哌啶盐而由粗制恩他卡朋(Z/E)制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡朋
的方法
a)获得恩他卡朋哌啶盐(IIIa)的方法
将哌啶(6.26g;73.5mmol)于室温加入恩他卡朋(E-异构体=75%;Z-异构体=25%)(12.5g;40.9mmol)的异丙醇(150ml)悬浮液中。将混合物搅拌约2小时,生成大量沉淀。最后,在0-5℃将其冷却约2小时,并将所得沉淀过滤,并用冷的异丙醇(20ml)洗涤。所得产物在真空炉中于40℃干燥,得到14.2g(产率=88.8%)有机固体(熔点=152-4℃(分解);(Z-异构体=1.3%))。
b)由恩他卡朋哌啶盐(恩他卡朋晶形G)获得基本不含Z-异构体
的恩他卡朋的方法
基本不含Z-异构体产物的恩他卡朋可在实施例1b的条件下由a)中得到的恩他卡朋哌啶盐制得。
实施例3.通过使用无机碱氢氧化钠来提供作为合成中间体的恩他
卡朋钠盐而由粗制恩他卡朋(Z/E)制备基本不含Z-异构体的恩他卡
朋的方法
a)获得恩他卡朋钠盐(IIIb)的方法
将30%的NaOH水溶液于室温加入恩他卡朋(E-异构体=69%;Z-异构体=31%)(15.15g;40.9mmol)的乙醇(100ml)悬液中(8.73g;65.5mmol)。将混合物室温搅拌,并将所得沉淀在此温度下搅拌过夜。最后,在0-5℃将其冷却约2小时,并将所得沉淀过滤,并用冷的乙醇(20ml)洗涤。所得产物在真空炉中于40℃干燥,得到14.13g(产率=87.1%)红色固体(熔点=260-4℃(分解);(Z-异构体=1.80%))。
IR(cm-1):3317,2990,2201,1641,1592,1538,1475,1460,1443,1390,1350,1265,1213,1163,1102,1087,1070,1017,996,944,876,863,827,799,786,742,625,602,564。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CD3OD):7.81(dd,J=0.7,2.6Hz,1H);7.37(s,1H);7.36(dd,J=0.4,2.6Hz,1H);3.38(q,J=7.1Hz,4H);1.13(t,J=7.1Hz,6Hz)。
分析。C14H14N3O5.Na的计算值:C,51.38;H,4.31;N,12.84.测量值:C,50.93;H,4.29;N,12.71。
b)由恩他卡朋钠盐(恩他卡朋晶形G)获得基本不含Z-异构体的
恩他卡朋的方法
基本不含Z-异构体产物的恩他卡朋可在实施例1b的条件下由a)中得到的恩他卡朋钠盐制得。
Claims (29)
3.权利要求1-2之一的方法,其特征在于,所述有机碱选自哌啶、哌嗪和吗啉。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述有机碱为哌啶。
5.权利要求1-2之一的方法,其特征在于,所述无机碱选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述无机碱为氢氧化钠。
7.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤i)中,所述碱相对于每摩尔所述恩他卡朋混合物(Z/E)(II)以1至3摩尔之间的量存在。
8.权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,所述碱相对于每摩尔所述恩他卡朋混合物(Z/E)(II)以1.5摩尔的量存在。
9.权利要求1和2的方法,其特征在于,所述碱相对于每摩尔式(V)化合物以1至3摩尔之间的量存在。
10.权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,所述碱相对于每摩尔式(V)化合物以1.5摩尔的量存在。
11.权利要求1-2之一的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自链状C1-4醇,或其混合物。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述溶剂选自异丙醇和乙醇。
13.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在步骤ii)中,所述酸为一种有机酸或无机酸。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述有机酸为对甲苯磺酸。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述无机酸为盐酸。
16.权利要求1、13-15任一项的方法,其特征在于,在步骤ii)中,所述酸相对于每摩尔E-异构体富集的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐以1至2摩尔之间的量存在。
17.权利要求16的方法,其特征在于,所述酸相对于每摩尔E-异构体富集的式(III)的恩他卡朋盐以1.0至1.5摩尔之间的量存在。
18.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,将步骤i)中得到的所述E-异构体富集的恩他卡朋盐(III)在进行步骤ii)前分离,任选通过过滤。
19.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,步骤i)和ii)在一锅反应中进行。
20.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,步骤i)中得到的所述E-异构体富集的恩他卡朋盐(III)选自恩他卡朋哌啶盐和恩他卡朋钠盐。
21.恩他卡朋哌啶盐(IIIa)。
22.恩他卡朋钠盐(IIIb)。
23.恩他卡朋晶形G,其通过具有以下典型峰的X-射线粉末衍射图表征:
24.权利要求23的晶形G,其通过以下红外光谱峰表征:3160,3103,2998,2986,2939,2880,2740,2209,1613,1592,1541,1503,1479,1461,1446,1366,1351,1308,1280,1244,1236,1217,1197,1172,1152,1142,1097,1083,1071,1021,995,946,925,903,885,865,805,787,764,727,683,645,609,555。
25.一种制备恩他卡朋晶形G的方法,包括:
a)将根据权利要求1-22之一得到的E-异构体富集的式(III)恩他卡朋盐于C1-4醇中制备成悬浮液;然后
b)在15至35℃的温度下向步骤a)中制备的所述悬浮液中加入一种稀无机酸。
26.权利要求25的方法,其特征在于,所述式(III)的恩他卡朋盐选自恩他卡朋哌啶盐(IIIa)和恩他卡朋钠盐(IIIb)。
27.权利要求25的方法,其特征在于,所述C1-4醇为异丙醇。
28.权利要求25的方法,其特征在于,所述无机酸为浓度35%的盐酸。
29.一种药用组合物,包含权利要求23-24之一的恩他卡朋晶形G以及至少一种赋形剂和/或其它可药用助剂。
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ES200700381A ES2319024B1 (es) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-02-13 | Procedimiento para la obtencion de entacapona sustancialmente libre de isomero z, sus intermedios de sintesis y nueva forma cristalina. |
ESP200700381 | 2007-02-13 | ||
PCT/EP2008/051740 WO2008098960A1 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | Process for preparing entacapone substantially free of z-isomer, synthesis intermediates thereof and a new crystalline form |
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CN102120726B (zh) * | 2010-01-08 | 2014-07-16 | 浙江华海药业股份有限公司 | 一种制备(2e)-2-氰基-3-(3,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯)-n,n-二乙基-2-丙烯酰胺的新方法 |
CN103787917A (zh) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-14 | 南京化工职业技术学院 | 一种改进的n,n-二甲基氰基乙酰胺的合成工艺 |
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