CN101614127B - Method for surveying river-crossing leveling during shield breakthrough construction - Google Patents
Method for surveying river-crossing leveling during shield breakthrough construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及测绘类，具体的是指一种隧道工程中盾构贯通江河时过江水准的测量方法，首先分别从江河两岸的各高程控制点出发，采用二等水准测量规范，分别将高程引测到江河岸边，而后将江河两岸引测的二等水准点作为转站测点，最后，以三角高程测量为基础，利用高等电子全站仪，从江河一侧的一个转站测点出发放置觇标作为“后视”，江河另一侧的一个转站测点放置觇标作为“前视”，通过测站点测量并以测站点为过渡，将“后视”觇标点高程传递到“前视”觇标点。本发明简单、方便、有效，所用设备简单，测量精度高，特别适合于隧道盾构贯通江河的施工中，能有效满足盾构推进施工贯通测量的控制精度要求。
The present invention relates to surveying and mapping, and specifically refers to a method for measuring the river-crossing level when the shield tunnel passes through the river in tunnel engineering. Measure to the bank of the river, and then use the second-class benchmarking points measured on both sides of the river as the transfer station measurement point. Finally, based on triangular elevation measurement, use an advanced electronic total station to start from a transfer station measurement point on the side of the river Place the target as the "backsight", place the target at a transfer station measuring point on the other side of the river as the "foresight", measure through the station and use the station as a transition, and transfer the elevation of the "backsight" target point to the "Forward-looking" target punctuation. The invention is simple, convenient and effective, uses simple equipment, and has high measurement accuracy, and is especially suitable for the construction of tunnel shield tunneling through rivers, and can effectively meet the control accuracy requirements of shield tunneling construction penetration measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to survey and draw class, the concrete measuring method of crossing the river standard when shield structure connects rivers in a kind of construction of tunnel that is meant.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of electronics technology, full site type instrument continue to bring out and precision and electronic degree more and more higher, gps satellite measurement and positioning technology is also ripe day by day.These are the raising of measuring technique, precision, the raising of operating efficiency provide may, and provide the hardware assurance for the improvement of traditional measurement method.
Connect in the construction of rivers at tunneling shield, owing to influenced by the measure error of rivers morning and evening tides and riverine two sides elevation system, systematic error appears in the level control point of two sides easily, the shield structure is connected impact.Should during shield-tunneling construction, carry out the regular river locating tab assembly work of crossing for this reason, guarantee active well and accept the control accuracy requirement that elevation system between the well satisfies shield structure propelling construction holing through survey.
Yet the low precision problem of common trigonometric heighting and GPS height measurement absolute precision require and measurement of the level be subjected to deficiency such as many conditionalities, too short such as the second-order levelling measuring distance, river crossing low precisions etc. all are difficult to satisfy the needs of constructing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of river locating tab assembly method of crossing is provided, adopt second-order levelling to measure, effectively satisfy the control accuracy requirement of shield structure propelling construction holing through survey in conjunction with the method for improved great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting.
Realization of the present invention is finished by following technical scheme:
At first respectively from each vertical control points of rivers two sides, adopt the second-order levelling standard, respectively elevation is drawn and measure the rivers bank, the second-class bench mark that then the rivers two sides is drawn survey is as changeing the station measuring point, at last, based on trigonometric heighting, utilize high electronic total station, one from rivers one side is changeed station measuring point placement surveyor's beacon as " backsight ", one of the rivers opposite side is changeed the station measuring point and places surveyor's beacon as " forward sight ", by the survey station point measurement and with the survey station point is transition, and " backsight " marked point elevation is delivered to " forward sight " marked point.
It is four that the above-mentioned second-class bench mark that draws survey from the rivers two sides promptly changes the station measuring point, and described four are changeed station measuring point symmetry laying, form quadrangle leveling line closed hoop, and rivers are crossed on described closed hoop both sides, are two-wire and cross the river.
During measurement, be respectively arranged with the survey station point in the rivers two sides, the survey station point symmetry is laid.
Described surveyor's beacon is when different survey station points conducts " backsight " and " forward sight ", and the surveyor's beacon height is constant.
Described surveyor's beacon is overhead highly greater than 1 meter; Described " backsight distance " and " forward sight distance " must not differ greater than 10 meters; Described forward and backward sighting distance all must not be greater than 1000 meters.
Advantage of the present invention is, a kind of simple, convenient, effective measuring method is provided, and device therefor is simple, and the certainty of measurement height is particularly suitable for tunneling shield and connects in the construction of rivers, can effectively satisfy the control accuracy requirement of shield structure propelling construction holing through survey.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional trigonometric heighting schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the leveling line of crossing the river locating tab assembly among the embodiment is laid schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Present embodiment is applied to 2 phases 3 of No. 9 lines of Shanghai Rail Transit mark running tunnel engineering, and this interval is the cross-river tunnel that passes through at the bottom of Huangpu River.Owing to influenced by the measure error of Huangpu River morning and evening tides and Pujiang two sides elevation system, systematic error appears in the level control point of two sides easily, the shield structure is connected impact.Should during shield-tunneling construction, carry out the regular river locating tab assembly work of crossing for this reason, guarantee active well and accept the control accuracy requirement that elevation system between the well satisfies shield structure propelling construction holing through survey.
For reduce the influence that detects construction as far as possible, under the prerequisite that guarantees quality of achievement, select simple measurement operational method for use as far as possible, shorten each activity duration, improve surveying work efficient.
In the present embodiment, cross the river locating tab assembly and adopt second-order levelling to carry out in conjunction with the method for great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting, concrete grammar and principle are as follows:
The height measurement of so-called great-leap-forward electronic triangular is exactly based on conventional trigonometric heighting, by means of high electronic total station, place marked point as " backsight " from vertical control point, by survey station point and with it is " transition ", elevation is delivered to " forward sight " marked point in the mode that is similar to measurement of the level, so be called the height measurement of " great-leap-forward " electronic triangular.This method need not measuring apparatus high and surveyor's beacon height, thereby laid theoretic basis for the precision that improves the measurement of three angular travels.
With reference to the conventional trigonometric heighting schematic diagram of Fig. 1, the Mathematical Modeling that can be drawn conventional trigonometric heighting by figure is:
H
2=H
1+ S
Ab* tga+I-V+C*S
Ab* S
Ab1. formula
In the formula:
H
1Be the elevation that A is ordered, H
2Be the elevation that B is ordered, I is an A point place measuring apparatus height, and V is the surveyor's beacon height at B point place, S
AbBe the horizontal range of A, B point-to-point transmission, a is the measuring vertical angle between A, B point, and C is the spheric and atmospheric aberration coefficient.
By 1. formula analysis as can be seen, influencing the trigonometric heighting factors of accuracy has:
The measurement of Zhao horizontal range S (this certainty of measurement can be brought up to more than the order of magnitude of 1mm+1PP*S);
The measurement of Zhao vertical angle a (this certainty of measurement can be brought up to 0.5 second/√ N, and wherein N is the survey time number of vertical angle);
The measurement of high I of Zhao instrument and the high V of surveyor's beacon (this certainty of measurement of two between 1～2mm, also is to influence the trigonometric heighting accuracy factors all);
The determining of Zhao spheric and atmospheric aberration coefficient C (this in the city or to carry out the influence of trigonometric heighting less in the plains region).
In the present embodiment, the Mathematical Modeling of great-leap-forward electronic triangular height measurement is as follows:
H
2=H
0+ S
2* tga
2-S
1* tga
1+ C* (S
2* S
2-S
1* S
1) 2. formula
With reference to Fig. 2 great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting schematic diagram, 1. can obtain (if H according to formula in the conventional trigonometric heighting
0Be vertical control point) elevation of H:
H
0=H
Instrument+ S
1* tga
1+ I-V
1+ C*S
1* S
1
That is: H
Instrument=H
0-S
1* tga
1-I+V
1-C*S
1* S
13. formula
Thereby, according to trigonometric heighting, H
2The elevation of point is:
H
2=H
Instrument+ S
2* tga
2+ I-V
2+ C*S
2* S
24. formula
Will be 3. 4. formula and suppose that V1=V2 gets of formula substitution:
H
2=H
0+ S
2* tga
2-S
1* tga
1+ C* (S
2 2-S
1 2) 5. formula
V in actual measurement
1=V
2Be possible, promptly in the measuring process of same station, keep the surveyor's beacon height constant.And, more than be the Mathematical Modeling of great-leap-forward electronic triangular height measurement because instrument remains unchanged in the process of " twice " trigonometric heighting.By 5. formula as seen, more known (H
1) elevation, can calculate another point (H
2) elevation.
The source of error and the precision analysis of the height measurement of great-leap-forward electronic triangular are as follows:
(1) source of error
5. analyzed by formula, the error of great-leap-forward electronic triangular height measurement mainly contains the factor of the following aspects:
The measurement of Zhao horizontal range S;
The measurement of Zhao vertical angle a;
Zhao spheric and atmospheric aberration C determines.
Sight the influence of factors such as poor, atmosphere refractive power in addition in addition, but these errors can be controlled in the very little scope.
(2) precision analysis
5. formula is carried out total differential, and to obtain the error relational expression of great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting as follows:
m
h＝√?2*s
2*Sec
2a*ma
2/p
2+tg
2a*ms
2
Because formula last C* (S in 5.
2 2-S
1 2) in, C is very little for coefficient, and " front and back sighting distance " have the factor of cancelling out each other, so this error can be ignored.
Suppose S=200 rice, m
a=± 0.5 ", m
s=± 1.2mm, a=50, p=206265 then has
m
h＝±0.7mm
As 10 stations are arranged by survey station, promptly survey line length is 4 kilometers calculating, and above-mentioned error theory result is:
m＝±m
h*√10＝±2.21mm
As seen, error precision is very high.
In the present embodiment, be illustrated in figure 3 as among the embodiment leveling line of crossing the river locating tab assembly and lay schematic diagram, cross the river locating tab assembly before, near the vertical control point H the end well that provides from the owner in Huangpu River two sides respectively earlier
0(preferably from the deep layer point) adopts the second-order levelling standard, elevation drawn to measure Huangpu along the river respectively each self-forming closed leveling line, promptly adopt the second-order levelling measuring and calculating to publish picture elevation that middle A, B, C, D order.Because systematic error appears in the level control point of two sides easily, thereby present embodiment is by measuring, maximal accuracy make error up, guarantee the control accuracy requirement of shield structure propelling construction holing through survey.
Afterwards, utilize the principle of " great-leap-forward " trigonometric heighting, respectively Huangpu River two sides are drawn the commentaries on classics station measuring point of the second-class bench mark of survey as " great-leap-forward " trigonometric heighting.Adopt great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting method, changeing the station measuring point with of rivers one side is measurements " backsight ", last by the survey station point measurement and calculate of river opposite side more and change station measuring point elevation, repeatedly comes and goes measurement, calculates measurement result.
As shown in Figure 3, wherein draw the elevation turning point of survey for each since both sides, two sides Height control system separately at 2 for elevation A, B.For guaranteeing that construction period crosses repeating of river locating tab assembly work, preferably 2 of A, B are reinforced, identify with fixing form, when being beneficial to duplicate measurements to measuring the check of achievement.S1 and S2, S1 ' are controlled in 10 meters with the difference of S2 ' as far as possible, help improving certainty of measurement like this.
Adopt great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting method, to change station measuring point A is measurement " backsight ", all can measure and calculate an elevation that changes station measuring point B of river opposite side more by the survey station point that two sides are provided with respectively, otherwise, also can record the A point by the B point, last, repeatedly come and go and measure, calculate the average measurement result, draw the level control point system error of two sides.
When river crossing, when promptly leveling line need be crossed over rivers, the survey station of two sides and point of staff should symmetry be laid, and when crossing over distance less than 200m, can adopt single line to cross the river, and during greater than 200 meters, should adopt two-wire to cross the river, and formed the quadrangle closed hoop.As shown in Figure 3, promptly measuring method as above need to adopt second-order levelling to draw to measure the elevation of 4 of A among the figure, B, C, D, four point symmetries are laid, and A, D are positioned at riverbank one side, and B, C are positioned at the riverbank opposite side, 4 link group quadrangularly closed hoops, and also symmetry laying of survey station among the figure.Shown in dotted line among Fig. 3 connects,, utilize great-leap-forward trigonometric heighting method to measure by arbitrary survey station point and any point-to-point transmission, so, can multiple measuring point compound mode measure, improve certainty of measurement, improve to measure reliability, when being particularly useful for that the river distance is big more.
Present embodiment cross should accomplish in the river locating tab assembly following some:
It highly holds constantly surveyor's beacon during as " backsight " and " forward sight " at not same survey station, or forward sight, backsight are with same surveyor's beacon;
" great-leap-forward " trigonometric heighting should be positioned over vertical control point as playing a measuring point with, " backsight " surveyor's beacon;
" backsight distance " and " forward sight distance " preferably differs not too big, helps offsetting spheric and atmospheric aberration C like this and draws straight error;
Have " backsight " necessity that " forward sight " arranged, promptly " backsight " and " forward sight " should occur in pairs;
Consider other factors that waits of sighting, the front and back sighting distance each with 1000 meters with interior be good;
" great-leap-forward " trigonometric heighting requires to adopt to come and go to measure gets its elevation average to improve the height measurement precision.
Surveyor's beacon overhead requirement for height can weaken the influence of SEQUENCING VERTICAL refractive power more than 1 meter.
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| CN112857335B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-11-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of prism-free total station |
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