CN101606465A - A method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae. Bitter gourd is used as rootstock and loofah is used as scion to carry out grafting and cultivation to obtain grafted loofah to improve the insect resistance of loofah. The present invention controls loofah seedlings from sowing to avoid the infringement of Liriomyza sativae, selects bitter gourd as a rootstock, and summarizes suitable grafting time and method through a large number of experimental studies, and successfully grafts loofah to loofah that is cultivated by bitter gourd. The resistance of Liriomyza sativae was significantly improved. This grafting technique provides a new idea and a new way for the sustainable control of Liriomyza sativae, which can effectively ensure the yield, quality and economic benefits of loofah.

Description

A method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, and in particular relates to a method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae by grafting.

Background technique

Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is one of the most important pests in the world. Liriomyza sativae mainly causes the larvae to sneak into the leaves to feed, forming irregular snake-like insect passages. The female adult pierces the epidermis of plant leaves with an ovipositor, feeds on plant juice and lays eggs, which seriously affects the growth of plant leaves. Photosynthesis causes premature senescence and death of leaves, resulting in reduced crop yield and quality (Johnson et al., 1983; Schuster et al., 1991; Carolina et al., 1992; Kangle, 1996). Liriomyza sativae has a wide range of feeding habits. It is known that there are as many as 120 species of host plants in 24 families. The loofah, cucumber, wax gourd of Cucurbitaceae, cowpea and kidney bean of Fabaceae are the most severely damaged crops (Yu Daojian et al., 2000; Zeng Ling et al. , 2000; Zhang Huijie et al., 2000).

At present, the control of Liriomyza sativae is still dominated by chemical control. With the increase in the amount of chemical pesticides, it not only kills a large number of natural enemies and pollutes the environment, but also increases the drug resistance of Liriomyza sativae and causes more and more serious harm. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new methods for safe, effective and sustainable control of Liriomyza sativae.

Loofah (Luffa cylindrica) is a kind of high-quality vegetable that is loved by people. In recent years, the planting area in my country has been expanding year by year. However, due to the serious harm of the invasive pest Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and the extensive use of chemical pesticides, the yield, quality and economic benefits of loofah are seriously affected (Zeng Ling et al., 1998; Yu Daojian et al., 2000; Zhang Maoxin et al., 2004 ).

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.), belonging to Cucurbitaceae Momordica charantia L., is an annual vine herbaceous plant, which is widely planted in the tropics including Asia, Amazon, East Africa, the Caribbean and the whole of South America. In my country, it is more common to cultivate in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan and other places.

Although grafting is an important technical measure in agricultural and forestry production, it has also been applied in vegetable production in recent years. Using resistant rootstocks for grafting cultivation is the most effective way to overcome soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping of vegetables. The grafting technology of insects is mainly concentrated on Solanaceae crops, such as the grafting technology of tomato resistant to aphids and leaf beetles using insect-resistant tobacco or wild potatoes as rootstocks (Li Jihua, 1980; Pelletier and Clark, 2004). Because the key technologies such as insect-resistant rootstock, suitable grafting time, and grafting method have not been solved, there are no reports at home and abroad about the scheme of loofah utilizing grafting technology to resist the invasion of Liriomyza sativae. effective solutions to abuse.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the existing loofah anti-Liriomyza sativae technology, overcome the disadvantages of chemical control, provide a method of improving the resistance of loofah to Liriomyza sativae, and utilize crop grafting to make loofah resistant to Liriomyza sativae. The resistance is significantly improved, reducing the use of chemical pesticides.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae is provided, which is to use bitter gourd as a rootstock and loofah as a scion for grafting and cultivation. The grafting and cultivation is preferably carried out between May and October, and specifically includes the following steps:

(1) Soak bitter gourd and loofah seeds in warm water respectively, and sow them in flowerpots after germination indoors. One seed per pot will germinate and grow in the net room; after the treatment of step (1), avoid loofah from sowing loofah Seedlings are infested by insects;

The temperature of the warm water in step (1) is 50-55°C, which can effectively prevent and cure diseases caused by seed-borne pathogenic bacteria, and the soaking time is 30-40 minutes;

The indoor can be a conventional artificial climate chamber with a temperature of 28±1° C.; put the seeds soaked in warm water in a petri dish with wet filter paper, cover them with soaked multi-layer gauze and put them in a temperature of 28±1° C. 1 ℃, relative humidity of 80 ± 5% artificial climate indoor germination, the time is 24 ~ 36h.

The preferred size of the flower pot in step (1) is 12.5 cm in diameter x 15 cm in height.

(2) After the second to third true leaves on the upper part of the bitter gourd cotyledon and the first true leaf on the upper part of the loofah cotyledon are unfolded, grafting is carried out. Specifically, when the second to third true leaves of the bitter gourd are unfolded, the second true leaf of the loofah is not yet unfolded, and the stem above the first true leaf of the loofah is 4 to 6 cm long, the diameter of the loofah stem is quite thick with the diameter of the bitter gourd stem. Grafting can only be carried out at this time, and this step is the key, which can obtain a higher survival rate of grafting. Using split grafting method, bitter gourd is used as rootstock and loofah is used as scion for grafting.

The grafting method described in step (2) is to cut off the growth point of the bitter gourd rootstock with a blade sterilized with 75% ethanol, keep the stem about 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, and split it downwards from the middle of the cross section of the bitter gourd stem with a blade, and the incision is deep 0.8-1cm, perpendicular to the true leaves; then cut the loofah scion from 1.5-2.5cm below the growth point, cut it into a double-sided wedge, and insert it vertically into the split of the bitter gourd rootstock, with a width of 2-3cm and a length of about 5cm The sealing film wraps and fixes the grafting place. The existing grafting insect-resistant grafting technology uses grafting clips to clamp the grafting place. The method of wrapping the sealing film to fix the grafting place can not only keep moisture but also reduce the weight borne by the growth point, and obtain Good grafting effect.

(3) After watering the grafted seedlings enough water, cover them with a colored plastic bag to keep them moist for about a week, and remove the plastic bag after the scion survives.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention controls loofah seedlings from sowing to avoid the infringement of Liriomyza sativae, selects bitter gourd as rootstock, and summarizes suitable grafting time and method through a large number of experimental studies, successfully grafts loofah to bitter gourd and makes the grafted loofah that is cultivated to The resistance of Liriomyza sativae has been significantly improved. This grafting technology provides a new way for the sustainable control of Liriomyza sativae, provides a basis for the research on insect resistance of grafted plants, and is important for guiding the integrated management of pests. At the same time, it can greatly reduce the resistance of pests caused by chemical control, the harm of pesticide residues to consumers, and environmental pollution.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation examples.

Embodiment 1 Grafting experiment

Seeds of bitter gourd (variety "Xinmantian") and loofah (variety "Wanbao") were purchased from the Seed and Seedling Research and Development Center of South China Agricultural University.

After soaking bitter gourd and loofah seeds in warm water at 55°C for 30 minutes, put the soaked seeds in a petri dish lined with wet filter paper, cover them with soaked multi-layer gauze, and place them at a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 80±5% artificial climate indoor germination, the time is 24h; then sow in flowerpots with a diameter of 12.5cm x height of 15cm, 1 seed per pot, germinate and grow in the net room;

Grafting begins when the bitter gourd has more than 2 true leaves and the stem of loofah above the first true leaf is 6 cm long.

Adopt splitting method, take bitter gourd as rootstock, loofah as scion. Cut off the growth point of the bitter gourd rootstock with a blade sterilized with 75% ethanol, keep the stem about 2.5 cm long, and split it downwards with a blade from the middle of the cross section of the bitter gourd stem. The incision is about 1 cm deep and vertical to the true leaves. Then cut the loofah scion from about 2.5cm below the lower part of the growth point, cut it into a double-sided wedge, insert it vertically into the split of the bitter gourd rootstock, and wrap it with a sealing film with a width of 2cm and a length of 5cm. The sealing film can be made of Parafilm from the United States. M film.

After the grafted seedlings are watered enough, they are covered with colored plastic bags to keep them moist to prevent wilting. After one week, when the scion has obvious growth, remove the plastic bag. All plants were grown in mesh chambers.

If in Guangzhou, choose between June and August for grafting, the survival rate can reach more than 90%.

Example 2

Seeds of bitter gourd (variety "Huafeng 12") and loofah (variety "Yuesheng 1") were purchased from Guangzhou Ketian Seedling Co., Ltd.

After soaking bitter gourd and loofah seeds in warm water at 50°C for 40 minutes, put the soaked seeds in a petri dish lined with wet filter paper, cover them with soaked multi-layer gauze, and place them at a temperature of 27°C and a relative humidity of 80±5% artificial climate indoor germination, the time is 36h; then sow in flowerpots with a diameter of 12.5cm x height of 15cm, 1 seed per pot, germinate and grow in the net room;

When the length of the bitter gourd above 2 true leaves and the stem above the first true leaf of loofah is 4 cm, start grafting.

Adopt splitting method, take bitter gourd as rootstock, loofah as scion. Use a blade sterilized with 75% ethanol to cut off the growth point of the bitter gourd rootstock, keep the stem about 1.5cm long, and use a blade to split downward from the middle of the cross section of the bitter gourd stem. The incision is about 0.8cm deep and perpendicular to the true leaves . Then cut the loofah scion from about 2cm below the growth point, cut it into a double-sided wedge, insert it vertically into the split of the bitter gourd rootstock, and wrap it with a sealing film with a width of 3cm and a length of 5cm. The sealing film can be made of Parafilm M made in the United States. membrane.

After the grafted seedlings are watered enough, they are covered with colored plastic bags to keep them moist to prevent wilting. After one week, when the scion has obvious growth, remove the plastic bag. All plants were grown in mesh chambers.

In Guangzhou, if grafted between May and July, the survival rate can reach more than 90%.

Example 3

Seeds of bitter gourd (variety "Xinmantian") and loofah (variety "Fengkang") were purchased from the Seed and Seedling Research and Development Center of South China Agricultural University.

After soaking bitter gourd and loofah seeds in warm water at 52°C for 35 minutes, put the seeds soaked in warm water in a petri dish lined with wet filter paper, cover them with soaked multi-layer gauze, and place them at a temperature of 29°C and a relative humidity of 80±5% of the artificial climate indoor germination time is 24h; then sow in flower pots with a diameter of 12.5 cm x a height of 15 cm, one seed per pot, and germinate and grow in the net room.

Grafting begins when the bitter gourd has more than 2 true leaves and the stem of loofah above the first true leaf is 5 cm long.

Adopt splitting method, take bitter gourd as rootstock, loofah as scion. Cut off the growth point of the bitter gourd rootstock with a blade sterilized with 75% ethanol, keep the stem about 2cm long, and split it downwards with a blade from the middle of the cross section of the bitter gourd stem. Then cut off the loofah scion about 1.5cm below the lower part of the growth point, cut it into a double-sided wedge, insert it vertically into the split of the bitter gourd rootstock, and wrap it with a sealing film with a width of 2cm and a length of 5cm. The sealing film can be made of Parafilm from the United States. M film.

After the grafted seedlings are watered enough, they are covered with colored plastic bags to keep them moist to prevent wilting. After one week, when the scion has obvious growth, remove the plastic bag. All plants were grown in mesh chambers.

In Guangzhou, if grafting takes place between September and October, the survival rate can reach more than 90%.

Embodiment 4 Comparative experiment

Other methods and steps are with embodiment 1, and difference is:

When the 4 true leaves of the bitter gourd and the second true leaf of the loofah are unfolded, keep the stems of more than 3 true leaves of the bitter gourd about 2 cm long, and use a blade to split downward from the middle of the cross section of the bitter gourd stem. The incision is about 0.9 cm deep. perpendicular to the true leaves. Then cut off the second true leaf of the loofah scion about 1.5cm below, cut it into a double-sided wedge, and insert it vertically into the split of the bitter gourd rootstock. None of the 20 grafted plants survived.

Embodiment 5 Comparative experiment

Other methods and steps are with embodiment 1, and difference is:

When the 2 true leaves of bitter gourd and the cotyledon of loofah are unfolded, first cut off the growth point of the rootstock of bitter gourd, and keep the stem above 2 true leaves about 2 cm long, and use a blade to split downward from the middle of the cross-section of the bitter gourd stem. The incision is deep About 0.9cm, perpendicular to the true leaves. Then cut the loofah scion from about 1.5cm below the lower part of the cotyledon, cut it into a double-sided wedge, and insert it vertically into the split of the bitter gourd rootstock. Nearly 30 plants were grafted, none of which survived.

Embodiment 6 Insect resistance test

Carry out the inoculation test when the scion of the grafted loofah of implementation example 1～3 unfolds 5 true leaves.

This example uses a selective test.

Put each 2 strains of self-root loofah and bitter gourd plants grafted from implementation examples 1 to 3 in the same insect cage, and arrange them at random. 60 adults of Liriomyza sativae that had been eclosion for 1 to 2 days were inserted into each cage to feed and lay eggs. Each treatment was repeated 5 times.

After 48 hours, the treated vegetable seedlings were taken out, and the number of puncture marks of Liriomyza sativae on each leaf was investigated. After investigating the number of puncture marks, each treated seedling was put into the net room, and the number of larvae was investigated every day until the number of larvae no longer increased. The survey data are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Comparison of the number of stings and larvae of Liriomyza sativae on grafted loofah and self-rooted loofah

Result of the test shows: take measures according to the inventive method from sowing, select balsam pear as rootstock, and select the appropriate grafting time and method to obtain the Liriomyza sativae feeding puncture marks on the grafted loofah leaves that are obviously less than self-rooted loofah, on average The rate of refusal to eat was 51.35%. Moreover, the number of larval passages was also significantly reduced, and the average control effect was 46.6%. It shows that the insect resistance of loofah is obviously improved after grafting to bitter gourd rootstock.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of method that improves loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae infestation, it is characterized in that by taking balsam pear as rootstock, loofah is that scion carries out grafting cultivation and obtains grafted loofah and improves insect resistance, comprising the following steps: (1) Soak bitter gourd and loofah seeds with warm water respectively, sow them in flower pots after germination in the room, and germinate and grow in the net room; (2) After the 2nd to 3 true leaves on the cotyledon top of the bitter gourd and the first true leaf on the cotyledon top of the loofah are unfolded, grafting is carried out; (3) After watering the grafted seedlings, cover them with colored plastic bags to keep them moist, and remove the plastic bags after the scions survive. 2. The method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae infestation according to claim 1, characterized in that said grafting cultivation is carried out between May and October. 3. The method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae infestation according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the warm water in step (1) is 50-55°C, and the soaking time is 30-40min; the germination temperature is 28±1℃, relative humidity is 80±5%. 4. The method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae infestation according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), grafting starts when the stem above the first true leaf of the loofah is 4-6 cm long. 5. The method for improving loofah resistance to Liriomyza sativae according to claim 1, characterized in that the grafting method described in step (2) is to cut off the growth point of bitter gourd rootstock with a blade sterilized with 75% ethanol, and keep the stem About 1.5-2.5cm long, use a blade to split downward from the middle of the cross-section of the bitter gourd stem. The incision is 0.8-1cm deep and perpendicular to the true leaf; then cut off the loofah scion from 1.5-2.5cm below the growth point, and cut Form a double-sided wedge, insert vertically into the opening of the bitter gourd rootstock, and wrap the grafting place with a sealing film with a width of 2 to 3 cm and a length of about 5 cm. 6. The method for improving loofah's resistance to Liriomyza sativae as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the moisturizing time in step (3) is one week.