CN101594617A - A Control Channel Establishment Method for Hierarchical Spectrum Sharing Network - Google Patents
A Control Channel Establishment Method for Hierarchical Spectrum Sharing Network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of control channel method for building up of hierarchical spectrum sharing network.The high-priority users number is N in the described hierarchical spectrum sharing network, graded frequency spectra sharing users number is H, the supported frequency band F of radio-frequency head can be equally divided into M subchannel, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: S1. graded frequency spectra sharing users sorts to M channel by calculating appreciable high-priority users channel weights; The graded frequency spectra sharing users that S2. will insert same channel is established as same cluster, and with the local control channel of this channel as this bunch; S3. the various functions by the graded frequency spectra sharing users different time-gap of MAC design of protocol after to sub-clustering manage.Beneficial effect of the present invention: in hierarchical spectrum sharing network, set up the Signalling exchange that local control channel is used for the graded frequency spectra sharing users by above process, solved a difficult problem that does not have Common Control Channel in the cognitive radio effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to belong to wireless communication technology field, particularly a kind of control channel method for building up of hierarchical spectrum sharing network.
Background technology
Hierarchical spectrum sharing network has proposed hybrid network based on cognitive radio, cognitive radio is also referred to as intelligent radio, be meant that from broadly wireless terminal possesses enough intelligence or cognitive ability, by history and the present situation of wireless environment are on every side detected, analyze, study, reasoning and planning, utilize accordingly result to adjust the transmission parameter of oneself, use optimal Radio Resource (comprising frequency, modulation system, transmitting power etc.) to finish wireless transmission.As Fig. 1, gap in the cognitive radio between each cognitive user interference temperature and the interference temperature limit has otherness on space, time and frequency, therefore the diverse location user is in the transmitting power difference of different frequency bands permission, otherness when each telex network coverage has sky, traditional center control or pure distributed network topology, be not suitable for spectrum environment complicated and changeable in the hierarchical spectrum sharing network, be unfavorable for improving the availability of frequency spectrum of system yet.For adapting to the changeable environment of frequency spectrum to improve the availability of frequency spectrum and communication reliability, adopt network configuration as shown in Figure 1, whole network has a plurality of Serving cells, each sub-district is by frequency spectrum share base station (spectrum sharing base station, SSBS) and several frequency spectrum share user (spectrum sharing user, SSU) form, can form bunch according to certain criterion between the frequency spectrum share user.
In hierarchical spectrum sharing network, source according to the usable spectrum resource, with the heterogeneous networks prioritization, as the network that need select a good opportunity for the graded frequency spectra sharing users and utilize or use its frequency spectrum resource, be defined as high-priority network, and need to obtain with competitive way with it the network of usable spectrum resource for the graded frequency spectra sharing users, be defined as the same priority network.
The usable spectrum resource of classification shared network comprises: the high-priority network frequency spectrum resource of selecting a good opportunity and utilizing or using, the frequency spectrum resource that obtains with competitive way with the same priority network.The usable spectrum resource can then according to the spectrum users self-demand, be selected its concrete spectrum type that uses according to certain criterion or thresholding classification.
In hierarchical spectrum sharing network, utilize the characteristic of frequency spectrum resource, promptly the same time is in the user of diverse location and the user of same position different time, its available spectrum resource can be different, the effective spectrum set is divided into two classes, and each class frequency spectrum set is applied to different application scenarioss respectively.First kind effective spectrum (TYPE 1): available bigger transmitting power can be used for the direct communication between base station and the user; The second class effective spectrum (TYPE 2): available lower transmitting power is used for the direct communication between the user.
In hierarchical spectrum sharing network, the graded frequency spectra sharing users use the outer frequency spectrum of a band as Common Control Channel be used to play drinking games mutual, but owing to the out of band spectrum limited bandwidth and because the diversity of communication mode, the interaction mechanism of a large amount of different signalings causes control channel congested unbearably, how to coordinate to control the user when inserting, effectively utilizing frequency spectrum resource not clash is important problems, and in the cognitive radio system except with control channel fixing available spectrum not outward, so need a kind of new Signalling exchange mechanism of design or seek new control channel to alleviate the congested of Common Control Channel.In cognitive radio system, need consider following problem when choosing control channel:
1) control channel of searching makes and makes things convenient for exchange of control information between the cognitive user;
2) but when former control channel time spent no longer, can choose another control channel quickly and efficiently;
3) quality of assurance data channel makes and carries out reliable communication between the user.
Now existing researcher proposes a kind of method of distributed collaborative, in order to solve the problem that control channel distributes under the dynamic spectrum environment, content sees JUN ZHAO for details, HAITAO ZHEN, AND GUANG-HUAYANG.Distributed Coordination in Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Networks.InProc.of IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN) (2005).Under the dynamic spectrum environment, because the isomerism of frequency spectrum between cognitive user, be difficult to set up mutual that the control channel of an overall situation is used to play drinking games, so propose to use same control channel the similar neighbours user of frequency spectrum perception, form a group (group), rather than all users share same control channel.In article, the author has just proposed this notion, does not propose how to set up this control channel.The angle of this patent from realizing proposes a kind of control channel method for building up at hierarchical spectrum sharing network, and this control channel relies on cluster structured foundation, and is effectively managed by the MAC agreement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for a kind of local control channel method for building up that is applicable to hierarchical spectrum sharing network is provided.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, used following scheme: a kind of control channel method for building up of hierarchical spectrum sharing network, the high-priority users number is N in the described hierarchical spectrum sharing network, graded frequency spectra sharing users number is H, the supported frequency band F of radio-frequency head can be equally divided into M channel, and this method may further comprise the steps:
S1. the graded frequency spectra sharing users sorts to M channel by calculating appreciable high-priority users channel weights;
The graded frequency spectra sharing users that S2. will insert same channel is established as same cluster, and with the local control channel of this channel as this bunch;
S3. the various functions by the graded frequency spectra sharing users different time-gap of MAC design of protocol after to sub-clustering manage.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: because the present invention is at first according to high priority user channel weights being calculated and sorting, obtain the priority of channel, and carry out the channel access according to this priority and set up cluster structured, and with this channel as local control channel, by the MAC design of protocol various functions are managed at last.In hierarchical spectrum sharing network, set up the Signalling exchange that local control channel is used for the graded frequency spectra sharing users by above process, solved a difficult problem that does not have Common Control Channel in the cognitive radio effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 hierarchical spectrum sharing network framework.
Fig. 2 local control channel of the present invention is set up flow chart
Fig. 3 high-priority users channel occupancy model
I high-priority users channel of Fig. 4 ON-OFF model
Fig. 5 MAC protocol figure.
Embodiment
Basic ideas of the present invention are: in order to solve the problem that Common Control Channel is difficult to obtain in the hierarchical spectrum sharing network, the present invention sets up local control channel and is used to replace Common Control Channel, and this local control channel relies on cluster structured foundation.Its flow process such as Fig. 2, at first, obtain the priority of channel, and carry out the channel access according to this priority and set up cluster structured according to high priority user channel weights being calculated and sorting, and with this channel as local control channel, by the MAC design of protocol various functions are managed at last.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of control channel method for building up of hierarchical spectrum sharing network, the high-priority users number is N in the described hierarchical spectrum sharing network, and graded frequency spectra sharing users number is H, and the supported frequency band F of radio-frequency head can be equally divided into M channel, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1. the graded frequency spectra sharing users sorts to M channel by calculating appreciable high-priority users channel weights;
Cognitive radio is that a scanning frequency spectrum is sought the process in " hole " for the perception of frequency spectrum, i.e. cognitive user scanning current frequency spectrum is sought the hole with access network.According to statistical observation to high-priority users, the approximate ON-OFF process of obeying of the variation utilization of high-priority users frequency spectrum state, the ON-OFF model is that people such as Mandelbrot proposes on the basis of renewal process, is also referred to as alternating renewal process.As shown in Figure 3, utilize the ON-OFF model to describe to frequency range here, and suppose between each frequency range it is independently, with { N
n, n 〉=1} represents the sequence of random variables of the state that is in out (ON-State), with { F
n, n 〉=1} represents to be in the sequence of random variables of off status (OFF-State).Here suppose { N
n, n 〉=1} and { F
n, n 〉=1} is respectively independent identically distributed.Use N
tExpression is a time that continues the state that is in out arbitrarily, F
sExpression time that continues to be in off status (OFF-State) arbitrarily, to t, s arbitrarily, N
tWith F
sCan be independent, but be independently between the two in order to analyze easy hypothesis here, therefore { N
n, n 〉=1} and { F
n, n 〉=1} also is independent identically distributed, and to obey parameter respectively be λ
iAnd μ
iThe exponential distribution of (λ here and μ are the system parameters of the high-priority users of artificial definition, and they are corresponding with i high-priority users frequency range).If U
iRepresent i high-priority users frequency range idle probability (just be in the probability of off status (OFF-State), be also referred to as utilance from the angle of cognitive system), then the conclusion by alternating renewal process can obtain formula (1):
Obviously,
Be illustrated in the average of duration length in each off status (OFF-State), usually can think
The big more off status (OFF-State) that then can cause of value slow more to the conversion of holding between the state (ON-State).
When utilizing the ON-OFF model that high-priority users channel usage situation is carried out modeling, the graded frequency spectra sharing users need be paid close attention to two aspect: utilance U
iAnd the sign high-priority users is changed the μ of frequency from off status (OFF-State) to opening state (ON-State)
iObvious U
iBe the bigger the better, this expression cognitive system can be utilized this frequency spectrum resource more muchly, simultaneously
Big more, then more little to the frequent degree of opening conversion the state (ON-State) from off status (OFF-State), can avoid the frequent operation of cognitive system to this frequency spectrum.
From above analysis, can draw usable spectrum characteristic and three parameter correlations, open the parameter lambda of state (ON-State) exponential distribution, the parameter μ of off status (OFF-State) exponential distribution and the utilance U of frequency spectrum.Here we choose wherein μ and U as the basis for estimation of route selecting, chief reason has two aspects, at first should choose the high frequency spectrum resource of availability, such frequency spectrum just has more opportunity and is used; Secondly, the variation that can be clear that μ from Fig. 4 will influence out the frequent degree of conversion between state (ON-State) and the off status (OFF-State), and this also is that we should be noted that, identical utilance has different change over conditions.Obviously the frequency range that has than big utilance and less μ is more excellent, but significantly, it is optimum that these two parameters not necessarily can reach simultaneously, therefore when these two parameters can not reach optimum simultaneously, needs one to trade off between the two.
According to the analysis of front, the graded frequency spectra sharing users can obtain the close approximation value by continuous sampling
With
Estimate parameter and calculate corresponding channel weights according to formula (2)
In the formula, Q
i(t) the channel weights of i channel of expression, t are the current perception moment of graded frequency spectra sharing users to i channel, S
i(t) ∈ 0, whether available 1} be channel i at moment t state parameter, and α be one of artificial definition less than 1 weight factor, λ and μ be the system parameters of the high-priority users that artificially defines.
The graded frequency spectra sharing users that S2. will insert same channel is established as same cluster, and with the local control channel of this channel as this bunch;
When netinit, carry out clustering process, according to from high to low order access channel, the graded frequency spectra sharing users can run into three kinds of situations to the graded frequency spectra sharing users when adding network in access procedure according to the high-priority users channel weights that calculate:
1) at Q
i(t) do not receive frame on the channel that value is selected;
This graded frequency spectra sharing users is declared as a bunch head so, and this channel is local control channel, and sends beacon in next frame.
2) at Q
i(t) receive frame on the channel that value is selected, and have beacon;
So the graded frequency spectra sharing users bunch between the request of signaling transmission time slot add this bunch, after a bunch head accepts request, in neighbours' time slot (NBP) time slot, distribute minimum time slot to give this graded frequency spectra sharing users.If do not have time slot to distribute in NBP or bunch head opposition adding, then this user selects time Q
i(t), carry out clustering process again as local control channel.If bunch head allows to add this user, then this user is from next frame, successively according to Q
i(t) tabulation sends neighbor information on channel.
3) receive frame, but do not have beacon, but have neighbor information.
When receiving this information, mean this graded frequency spectra sharing users have individual neighbours bunch, and double bounce is in neighbours' bunch head.Graded frequency spectra sharing users record neighbor information, and bunch between signaling transmission time slot exchange neighbours bunch information, and judge whether this channel is two class frequency spectrums.If this user does not also have sub-clustering, will select next local control channel to carry out clustering process.If this user sub-clustering is then from next frame, successively according to Q
i(t) tabulation sends neighbor information on channel.
The graded frequency spectra sharing users is by access network, sets up cluster structuredly, also sets up local control channel simultaneously.
S3. the various functions by the graded frequency spectra sharing users different time-gap of MAC design of protocol after to sub-clustering manage, and as shown in Figure 5, its specific implementation process comprises following steps:
S31. beacon, the graded frequency spectra sharing users bunch hair mark information of delivering letters is used for resource allocation;
If this graded frequency spectra sharing users has been set up bunch and has been become a bunch head, then periodically send beacon message, this information comprises time synchronization information, control in bunch and resource allocation information.
S32. frequency spectrum perception, the graded frequency spectra sharing users is carried out frequency spectrum perception;
S33. send perception information to the base station, the graded frequency spectra sharing users sends the spectrum information of perception to cognitive base station;
S34. bunch signaling transmission in, user's exchange of control information in bunch.
S35. cognitive base station broadcast sensing results, after the perception information of collecting is entered a judgement in cognitive base station, give the graded frequency spectra sharing users with the usable spectrum information broadcast, in hierarchical spectrum sharing network, according to definition to the frequency spectrum classification, this spectrum information is first kind effective spectrum (TYPE 1): available bigger transmitting power can be used for the direct communication between base station and the user.
S36. neighbours' broadcasting is carried out in neighbours' broadcasting between the graded frequency spectra sharing users.
This neighbours' time slot is divided into fixing small time slot, bunch in each bunch the member take a small time slot, be used to broadcast oneself identity (ID) and neighbor information, neighbor information comprises neighbours' ID and neighbours' spectrum information, and spectrum information is for remaining frequency spectrum tabulation examine and that do not surpass the high-priority users interference-limited except first kind frequency spectrum.If in the crack, neighbours user receives this broadcast message at this moment, with information of loopback, and according to the definition of front to the second class frequency spectrum, indicating this channel is the second class frequency spectrum.
S37. transfer of data, the graded frequency spectra sharing users is carried out transfer of data;
S38. bunch signaling transmission between, at this moment, user's exchange of control information between bunch.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiment described here is in order to help reader understanding's principle of the present invention, should to be understood that the protection range of inventing is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Everyly make various possible being equal to according to foregoing description and replace or change, all be considered to belong to the protection range of claim of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the control channel method for building up of a hierarchical spectrum sharing network, the high-priority users number is N in the described hierarchical spectrum sharing network, and graded frequency spectra sharing users number is H, and the supported frequency band F of radio-frequency head can be equally divided into M subchannel, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1. the graded frequency spectra sharing users sorts to M channel by calculating appreciable high-priority users channel weights;
The graded frequency spectra sharing users that S2. will insert same channel is established as same cluster, and with the local control channel of this channel as this bunch;
S3. the various functions by the graded frequency spectra sharing users different time-gap of MAC design of protocol after to sub-clustering manage.
2. the control channel method for building up of a kind of hierarchical spectrum sharing network according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the concrete formula of calculating channel weights is among the step S1:
In the formula, Q
i(t) the channel weights of i channel of expression, t are the current perception moment of graded frequency spectra sharing users to i channel, S
i(t) ∈ 0, whether available 1} be channel i at moment t state parameter, and α be one of artificial definition less than 1 weight factor, λ and μ be the system parameters of the high-priority users that artificially defines.
3. the control channel method for building up of a kind of hierarchical spectrum sharing network according to claim 2 is characterized in that, among the step S2, the graded frequency spectra sharing users according to the high-priority users channel weights that calculate according to from high to low order access channel.
4. the control channel method for building up of a kind of hierarchical spectrum sharing network according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the step S3, its specific implementation process comprises following steps:
S31. the graded frequency spectra sharing users bunch hair mark information of delivering letters is used for resource allocation;
S32. the graded frequency spectra sharing users is carried out frequency spectrum perception;
S33. the graded frequency spectra sharing users sends the spectrum information of perception to cognitive base station;
S34. bunch user's exchange of control information in;
S35. cognitive base station broadcast sensing results;
S36. carry out neighbours' broadcasting between the graded frequency spectra sharing users;
S37. the graded frequency spectra sharing users is carried out transfer of data;
S38. bunch user's exchange of control information between.
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Open date: 20091202 |