CN101593210A - Demographics method and system for improving spatial resolution and update speed - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高空间分辨率和更新速度的人口统计方法及系统，其中，该方法包括：人口数据库建立步骤，用于存储具有统一空间坐标参数、数据格式、元数据标准的相关人口数据；区域统计分析步骤，用于以土地利用图为主要数据源，根据预设区域进行空间区域统计分析，获取该预设区域最小行政区划单位内土地利用面积信息；空间模型分析步骤，用于根据所述最小行政区划单位内的土地利用面积信息与该最小行政区划单位内的统计人口信息利用人口空间化模型获得所述最小行政区划单位内的土地利用类型人口分布信息；格网人口统计步骤，用于根据所述土地利用类型人口分布信息与所述土地利用面积信息获取格网人口统计信息。
The present invention discloses a population statistics method and system for improving spatial resolution and update speed, wherein, the method includes: a population database establishment step for storing related population data with uniform spatial coordinate parameters, data format, and metadata standards The regional statistical analysis step is used to use the land use map as the main data source to perform spatial regional statistical analysis according to the preset area to obtain the land use area information in the smallest administrative division unit of the preset area; The land use area information in the smallest administrative division unit and the statistical population information in the smallest administrative division unit use the population spatialization model to obtain the land use type population distribution information in the smallest administrative division unit; the grid population statistics step, It is used to obtain grid population statistics information according to the land use type population distribution information and the land use area information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to demographic technical field, particularly a kind of demographic method and system that improve spatial resolution and renewal speed.
Background technology
Standardized population spatial data is set up for the regional model of whole world change has important scientific value.In the last few years, because space orientation instability, out of true, the disunity of demographic statistics, the quantification of demographic factor and a space spread difficult problem cause can't providing effective information support always, have seriously hindered the Response Mechanism and the interactive model analysis of humane factor and ecologic environment.Therefore, press for and set up a high-resolution basic geographical unit, with demographic data and natural data be transformed into one can handled easily, the data platform of analysis.The statistics spread that promptly with the administrative region is the unit is to the graticule of certain size, make up the population spatial database, be convenient to use with the physical features data aggregate, make the multi-source data of on uniform platform, realizing nature, humane key element merge, for whole world change region response model provides standardized demographic data support.
In the prior art, publication number is that the documents of CN101286210 discloses a kind of population space distribution numerical simulation system.Utilize key element though wherein added the soil of reflection human activity, the statistical system of prior art and method also exist the statistics spatial resolution lower, and renewal speed is problem more slowly, causes the lower problem of geographic accuracy of population spatial analysis.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, a kind of demographic method and system that improve spatial resolution and renewal speed are provided.On the basis of population space zoning, set up the relation of the density of population and land use pattern, with the kilometer grid unit population distribution is described, improve the geographic accuracy of population spatial analysis.
For achieving the above object, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution provided by the invention and renewal speed is characterized in that, comprising:
The demographic database establishment step is used to store the relevant demographic data with unified volume coordinate parameter, data layout, metadata standard;
The range statistics analytical procedure, being used for the land-use map is the general data source, carries out the area of space statistical study according to predeterminable area, obtains the interior soil of the minimum administrative unit division of this predeterminable area and utilizes area information;
The spatial model analytical procedure is used for utilizing statistics people information in area information and this minimum administrative unit division to utilize population spatialization model to obtain land use pattern population distribution information in the described minimum administrative unit division according to the soil in the described minimum administrative unit division;
The demographic step of graticule mesh is used for utilizing area information to obtain the graticule mesh demographic information according to described land use pattern population distribution information and described soil.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, before described demographic database establishment step, also comprise a data pre-treatment step, projection, coordinate system that the soil utilizes map datum to adopt be used for geo-spatial data is carried out the coordinate system projective transformation, so that can mate fully.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, described demographic database comprises attribute database and spatial database, and described attribute database is stored census data, socioeconomic statistics data, described administrative division title code datas at different levels at least; Described spatial database is stored described administrative division data, land use data at least.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed is characterized in that, described range statistics analytical procedure further comprises:
Step S41, carry out the area of space statistical study according to administrative division data at different levels and land use data, obtain the total area of the various land use patterns of described minimum administrative unit division in the predeterminable area, and be stored as the soil with form and utilize the area statistics form;
Step S42 utilizes the area statistics form to be associated with consensus data's form in described soil;
Step S43 utilizes area statistics information according to the soil, obtains the soil and utilizes the area percentage raster data.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed is characterized in that, in the described spatial model analytical procedure, land use pattern population distribution information comprises land use pattern population distribution coefficient.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, in the demographic step of described graticule mesh, be to utilize the area percentage raster data to carry out multiplying land use pattern population distribution coefficient and soil, obtain graticule mesh demographic data statistical information.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed is characterized in that, among the described step S42, described soil utilizes the area statistics form to be associated with described consensus data's form by the code field of described minimum administrative unit division.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed is characterized in that, in the described spatial model analytical procedure, the computing formula of described population spatialization model is:
Wherein: P
iIt is the population of a minimum administrative unit division i;
a
jPopulation distribution coefficient (people/km for described minimum administrative unit division j class land use pattern
2);
x
FjBe the shared area (km of the residing f of this minimum administrative unit division subregion j class land use pattern
2);
n
fBe that f subregion model needs the land use pattern number, B
iBe the model intercept.
The demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed is characterized in that, described minimum administrative unit division is the county.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of system that adopts the demographic method of above-mentioned raising spatial resolution and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Data preprocessing module is used for geo-spatial data is carried out the coordinate system projective transformation, so that projection, coordinate system that the soil utilizes map datum to adopt can mate fully;
The demographic data library module is used to store the relevant demographic data with unified volume coordinate parameter, data layout, metadata standard;
The range statistics analysis module, being used for the land-use map is the general data source, carries out the area of space statistical study according to predeterminable area, obtains the interior soil of the minimum administrative unit division of this predeterminable area and utilizes area information;
The spatial model analysis module is used for utilizing statistics people information in area information and this minimum administrative unit division to utilize population spatialization model to obtain land use pattern population distribution information in the described minimum administrative unit division according to the soil in the described minimum administrative unit division;
The demographic module of graticule mesh is used for utilizing area information to obtain the graticule mesh demographic information according to described land use pattern population distribution information and described soil.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is the demographic method and system of graticule mesh, and it is low and upgrade problem slowly to efficiently solve traditional demographic data statistical system spatial resolution.System utilizes geographical information technology, on basis to China's population distribution characteristics analysis and zoning, the land-use map that extracts with satellite remote sensing is the general data source, the qualitative and quantitative analysis soil utilizes the relation of the spatial framework and the density of population, set up kilometer graticule mesh population spatial database system, effectively improve the geographic accuracy of population spatial analysis, thereby merge and the whole world change regional model provides standardized demographic data support for the multi-source data of nature, humane key element.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 improves the process flow diagram of the demographic method of spatial resolution and renewal speed for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the formation framework synoptic diagram of population database of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the concrete implementing procedure of range statistics analytical procedure in the statistical method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of statistical system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an embodiment of the invention Chinese population distribution one-level zoning synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is embodiment of the invention China 1km graticule mesh population distribution synoptic diagram in 2000.
Embodiment
Being described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, with purpose, scheme and the effect of further understanding this case, but is not as the restriction to this case appended claim protection domain.
Fig. 1 improves the process flow diagram of the demographic method of spatial resolution and renewal speed for the present invention, and with reference to figure 1, this demography method comprises:
Demographic database establishment step S10 is used to store the relevant demographic data with unified volume coordinate parameter, data layout, metadata standard;
Range statistics analytical procedure S20, being used for the land-use map is the general data source, carries out the area of space statistical study according to predeterminable area, obtains the interior soil of the minimum administrative unit division of this predeterminable area and utilizes area information; It can be that the soil utilizes the area percentage raster data that this soil utilizes area information
Spatial model analytical procedure S30 is used for utilizing statistics people information in area information and this minimum administrative unit division to utilize population spatialization model to obtain land use pattern population distribution information in the described minimum administrative unit division according to the soil in the described minimum administrative unit division; This land use pattern population distribution information can be land use pattern population distribution coefficient.The computing formula of aforementioned population spatialization model is:
Wherein: P
iIt is the population of a minimum administrative unit division i; a
jPopulation distribution coefficient (people/km for described minimum administrative unit division j class land use pattern
2); x
FjBe the shared area (km of the residing f of this minimum administrative unit division subregion j class land use pattern
2); n
fBe that f subregion model needs the land use pattern number, B
iBe the model intercept.
The demographic step S40 of graticule mesh is used for utilizing area information to obtain the graticule mesh demographic information according to described land use pattern population distribution information and described soil.Specifically can be to utilize the area percentage raster data to carry out multiplying land use pattern population distribution coefficient and soil, to obtain graticule mesh demographic data statistical information
Fig. 2 is the formation framework of demographic database, and with reference to figure 2, demographic database comprises attribute database and spatial database, and wherein, attribute database is stored census data, socioeconomic statistics data, minimum administrative unit division code data at least; Spatial database is stored described administrative division data, land use data at least.
Projection, coordinate system that the soil utilizes map datum to adopt before above-mentioned demographic database establishment step S10, also comprise a data pre-treatment step S100, be used for geo-spatial data is carried out the coordinate system projective transformation, so that can mate fully.
Fig. 3 is the concrete implementing procedure of range statistics analytical procedure in the statistical method of the present invention, further comprises with reference to figure 3 this range statistics analytical procedure S20:
Step S201, carry out the area of space statistical study according to administrative division data at different levels and land use data, obtain the total area of the various land use patterns of described minimum administrative unit division in the predeterminable area, and be stored as the soil with form and utilize the area statistics form;
Step S202 utilizes the area statistics form to be associated with consensus data's form in described soil; This soil utilizes the area statistics form to be associated with consensus data's form by the code field of described minimum administrative unit division;
Step S203 utilizes area statistics information according to the soil, obtains the soil and utilizes the area percentage raster data.
The present invention also provides a kind of system that uses above-mentioned demographic method, and Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of statistical system of the present invention, and with reference to figure 4, statistical system of the present invention comprises:
Demographic data library module 101 is used to store the relevant demographic data with unified volume coordinate parameter, data layout, metadata standard;
Range statistics analysis module 102, being used for the land-use map is the general data source, carries out the area of space statistical study according to predeterminable area, obtains the interior soil of the minimum administrative unit division of this predeterminable area and utilizes area information;
Spatial model analysis module 103 is used for utilizing statistics people information in area information and this minimum administrative unit division to utilize population spatialization model to obtain land use pattern population distribution information in the described minimum administrative unit division according to the soil in the described minimum administrative unit division;
The demographic module 104 of graticule mesh is used for utilizing area information to obtain the graticule mesh demographic information according to described land use pattern population distribution information and described soil.
Be embodiment with the county as minimum administrative unit division below, and with 2000 be example, further specify the demographic method and system of raising spatial resolution provided by the present invention and renewal speed.
At first, collect statisticss such as national population at county level in 2000, social economy, and figure draws in 1: 10 ten thousand engineer's scale whole nation administrative areas at the county level, the soil utilizes geo-spatial datas such as secondary classification polar plot.Because information such as the projection that the hard copy data adopted, coordinate system can not be mated fully, need carry out data pre-service such as coordinate system projective transformation to geo-spatial data.
Then, further, make up demographic database and population spatial database to the processing that unitizes of statistics and geodata.Constructed demographic database framework as shown in Figure 2.
Utilize the demographic database of setting up, the range statistics analysis module is drawn with the soil by administrative areas at the county level and is utilized the secondary classification data, add up the total area of the various secondary land use patterns in each county, be stored as the soil and utilize the area statistics form, table field comprises that county's code, each soil utilize the total area and other necessary description field (as county's name).Consensus data's form that will include fields such as county's code, each county's population by county's code field, utilizes the area statistics form related with the soil, and making each county is a record.Make the required parameter value of population spatialization model (population, soil utilize area) on same record, be convenient to calculate each land use pattern population distribution coefficient.In addition, utilize the soil of vector the secondary classification data to be converted to the soil and utilize the number percent raster data, the graticule mesh size is 1km, is convenient to carry out follow-up grid and calculates.
Utilize the spatial model analysis module, on the basis to national population space distribution I and II zoning, each secondary district sets up a population spatialization model separately, the general formula of population spatialization model:
In the formula: P
iIt is the population in i county in the secondary zoning; a
jPopulation distribution coefficient (people/km for this county j class land use pattern
2); x
FjBe the shared area (km of the residing f subregion of this county j class land use pattern
2); n
fBe that the f partition model needs the land use pattern number, B
iBe the model intercept.Consensus data and each soil with each county utilize area as sample, by formula carry out regression Calculation, try to achieve the preliminary coefficient a of each land use pattern population distribution in each secondary district
j, formula with the supposition subregion in same land use pattern population distribution coefficient be all prerequisite mutually, for guaranteeing that the demographic data sum in all 1 square kilometre of graticule mesh is relative with actual count population in the county, by the adjustment formula to the preliminary coefficient a of the population distribution in each county
jProofread and correct.Updating formula:
A wherein in the formula
IjPopulation distribution coefficient (people/the km of expression i county j class land use pattern
2), correction coefficient is
, P
i 0Be i county statistics demographic data, P
iBe i county demographic data according to the model formation inverse.
It is that foundation for the population spatial distribution model provides and has certain conforming area of space that population space distribution zoning mainly acts on, and makes the same area have similar population spatial distribution characteristic and image factor.Select the size of population, population structure, economics of population, population resource 4 class indexs for use, with principal component analytical method original index is screened, then national each province is carried out cluster analysis, the whole nation is divided into 8 big population areas, level-1 area is not broken provincial boundaries, as shown in Figure 5.Degree of accuracy when guaranteeing that model is used, need carry out the secondary zoning, the secondary zoning breaks through provincial boundary line, with the county is base unit, by each county's density of population and terrain parameter, each one-level is divided into 5 secondary districts, and 40 secondary districts are divided in the whole nation, and each secondary district sets up a population spatialization model.
At last, utilize the grid computing module, utilize the number percent raster data to combine in land use pattern population distribution coefficient and soil, the spatialization model formation calculates per capita, generates whole nation 1km graticule mesh population distribution figure in 2000, as shown in Figure 6.
Be embodiment as minimum administrative unit division further, sum up the demographic method flow of graticule mesh with the county, as follows:
1, carries out subregion.The whole nation is divided into 8 one-level districts, 40 secondary districts, in each secondary district, same land use pattern population distribution coefficient is identical.
2, regional soil utilizes area statistics.Each land use pattern area of each county, the statistics whole nation.
3, the land use pattern distribution coefficient calculates.Based on secondary partition, determine each secondary district population spatialization model, utilize each land use pattern area and each county's population, regression Calculation should the zone in each land use pattern distribution coefficient.
4, the soil utilizes the area percentage raster data to extract.The land use data of vector is converted to 1km grid soil utilizes the area percentage data.
5, the graticule mesh demographic data generates.Based on model, utilize area percentage data and each land use pattern distribution coefficient to multiply each other with 1km grid soil, generate 1km graticule mesh demographic data.
Though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; right its is not in order to limit the present invention; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of demographic method that improves spatial resolution and renewal speed is characterized in that, comprising:
The demographic database establishment step is used to store the relevant demographic data with unified volume coordinate parameter, data layout, metadata standard;
The range statistics analytical procedure, being used for the land-use map is the general data source, carries out the area of space statistical study according to predeterminable area, obtains the interior soil of the minimum administrative unit division of this predeterminable area and utilizes area information;
The spatial model analytical procedure is used for utilizing statistics people information in area information and this minimum administrative unit division to utilize population spatialization model to obtain land use pattern population distribution information in the described minimum administrative unit division according to the soil in the described minimum administrative unit division;
The demographic step of graticule mesh is used for utilizing area information to obtain the graticule mesh demographic information according to described land use pattern population distribution information and described soil.
2, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 1 and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, before described demographic database establishment step, also comprise a data pre-treatment step, projection, coordinate system that the soil utilizes map datum to adopt be used for geo-spatial data is carried out the coordinate system projective transformation, so that can mate fully.
3, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 1 and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, described demographic database comprises attribute database and spatial database, and described attribute database is stored census data, socioeconomic statistics data, described administrative division title code datas at different levels at least; Described spatial database is stored described administrative division data, land use data at least.
4, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 1 and renewal speed is characterized in that, described range statistics analytical procedure further comprises:
Step S41, carry out the area of space statistical study according to administrative division data at different levels and land use data, obtain the total area of the various land use patterns of described minimum administrative unit division in the predeterminable area, and be stored as the soil with form and utilize the area statistics form;
Step S42 utilizes the area statistics form to be associated with consensus data's form in described soil;
Step S43 utilizes area statistics information according to the soil, obtains the soil and utilizes the area percentage raster data.
5, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 1 and renewal speed is characterized in that, in the described spatial model analytical procedure, land use pattern population distribution information comprises land use pattern population distribution coefficient.
6, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 1 and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, in the demographic step of described graticule mesh, be to utilize the area percentage raster data to carry out multiplying land use pattern population distribution coefficient and soil, obtain graticule mesh demographic data statistical information.
7, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 4 and renewal speed, it is characterized in that, among the described step S42, described soil utilizes the area statistics form to be associated with described consensus data's form by the code field of described minimum administrative unit division.
8, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 5 and renewal speed is characterized in that, in the described spatial model analytical procedure, the computing formula of described population spatialization model is:
Wherein: P
iIt is the population of a minimum administrative unit division i;
a
jPopulation distribution coefficient (people/km for described minimum administrative unit division j class land use pattern
2);
x
FjBe the shared area (km of the residing f of this minimum administrative unit division subregion j class land use pattern
2);
n
fBe that f subregion model needs the land use pattern number, B
iBe the model intercept.
9, the demographic method of raising spatial resolution according to claim 1 and renewal speed is characterized in that, described minimum administrative unit division is the county.
10, a kind of system that adopts the demographic method of each described raising spatial resolution and renewal speed in the aforesaid right requirement 1～9 is characterized in that, comprising:
Data preprocessing module is used for geo-spatial data is carried out the coordinate system projective transformation, so that projection, coordinate system that the soil utilizes map datum to adopt can mate fully;
The demographic data library module is used to store the relevant demographic data with unified volume coordinate parameter, data layout, metadata standard;
The range statistics analysis module, being used for the land-use map is the general data source, carries out the area of space statistical study according to predeterminable area, obtains the interior soil of the minimum administrative unit division of this predeterminable area and utilizes area information;
The spatial model analysis module is used for utilizing statistics people information in area information and this minimum administrative unit division to utilize population spatialization model to obtain land use pattern population distribution information in the described minimum administrative unit division according to the soil in the described minimum administrative unit division;
The demographic module of graticule mesh is used for utilizing area information to obtain the graticule mesh demographic information according to described land use pattern population distribution information and described soil.
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