CN101593164B - Slave USB HID device and firmware implementation method based on embedded Linux - Google Patents
Slave USB HID device and firmware implementation method based on embedded Linux Download PDFInfo
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- CN101593164B CN101593164B CN 200910063150 CN200910063150A CN101593164B CN 101593164 B CN101593164 B CN 101593164B CN 200910063150 CN200910063150 CN 200910063150 CN 200910063150 A CN200910063150 A CN 200910063150A CN 101593164 B CN101593164 B CN 101593164B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slave USB HID firmware implementation method based on embedded Linux, which comprises (1) an embedded Linux operating system, (2) a slave USB HID firmware drive program, and (3) a USB communication control program. By using the method, the development of a slave USB HID firmware system based on the embedded Linux can be finished quickly to achieve direct use by a user without developing and installing a drive program and without considering the problem of compatibility of different operating systems. The invention also aims to achieve data communication between a device and a host computer system in a USB HID protocol mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to USB human interface device and built-in Linux field, be specifically related to a kind of based on built-in Linux from USB HID device and firmware implementation method.
Background technology
USB (USB) is the external bus connected mode between main frame and the peripherals.USB connects various dissimilar equipment with the single type bus, mainly is to be used for middling speed and high-speed peripheral, and the built-in system data line through pci bus and PC is connected, and realizes the transmission of data.USB is again a kind of communication protocol standard simultaneously, has defined the standard that the equipment of any particular type of a cover can be followed, and is used to support the data transmission between main frame (Host) and the equipment (slave device).The usb bus normalized definition standard of human interface device (HID, Human Interface Device) kind equipment, the HID standard has defined the agreement that communicates between human interface device and the main frame specially.Human interface device need not installed special-purpose driver; Inserting operating systems such as Windows, Linux can be automatically recognized; HID equipment class driving through system carries is communicated by letter with application program foundation, and application program only needs the access system application programming interfaces just can visit USB HID equipment.
The usb bus topology is mainly by two ingredients: main frame and equipment, corresponding, linux kernel is supported two types of USB drivers: the driver of host computer system (host) and equipment (slavedevice) from the USB firmware driver.On the host computer system, USB device is wherein inserted in the control of the USB driver of host computer system; On the USB device, from this equipment of USB firmware driver control how as one from USB device and main-machine communication.
Supporting from USB serial equipment class with from two kinds of implementation methods of USB ethernet device class under the existing (SuSE) Linux OS from the USB firmware driver.On host computer system, these two kinds of methods are identified as virtual serial port equipment and virtual network device respectively.But be to use above-mentioned two kinds of methods for designing, under different host operating systems, need the user to develop driver, could realize communicating by letter of USB peripherals and up main frame, need consider the compatibling problem under the different operating system simultaneously.In addition; These two kinds of methods are not supported the hot plug function, and after the equipment plug, slave unit end firmware program can't be discerned plug incident and usb bus reseting procedure; Cause slave unit end firmware to reinitialize, and then cause main frame and can't communicate from USB device to usb bus.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art; Provide a kind of based on built-in Linux from USB HID device and firmware implementation method; It can realize that the user need not exploitation and install driver and directly uses, and need not consider the compatibility issue of different operating system.The present invention also aims to protocol mode, between device and host computer system, realize data communication through USB HID.
What the present invention is based on built-in Linux operating system is a hardware control circuit from USB HID device, comprising: processor CPU, from USB control chip, dma controller, Memory Controller Hub, power module, system bus, internal storage, nonvolatile memory; Said related hardware module connects successively; Said hardware control circuit is connected with host computer system through usb bus.
Based on built-in Linux from USB HID firmware implementation method, mainly be meant the fixer system that operates on the hardware system, promptly be the software systems that run on the SoC control circuit.In the design of firmware implementation method of the present invention; Mainly be made up of following subsystem: (1) built-in Linux operating system: this operating system adopts the linux kernel based on hardware structure; Relevant transplanting and configuration have been carried out to hardware control circuit; And select suitable file system and application program for use, the software platform of operation is provided to fixer system; (2) from USB HID firmware driver; This firmware driver runs on the kernel spacing of built-in Linux operating system; According to from USB control chip standard; Designed the device driver that meets USB HID agreement, and usb bus dynamic monitoring function is provided, informed USB plug event message to application program; (3) usb communication control program: the usb communication control program runs on the user's space of built-in Linux operating system; Call Linux API (Application Programming Interface) operation from the USB control chip; Receive and send data to usb bus; And receive USB plug event message, restart the data transmit-receive process, and then the hot plug function is provided.
Utilize above-mentioned based on built-in Linux operating system from USB HID firmware implementation method, its concrete operating procedure is following:
(1) built-in Linux operating system runs in the SoC control circuit, starts hardware device, and the guiding built-in Linux operating system runs in the hardware control circuit, and moves and operating environment for other programs provide;
(2) be provided with from USB control chip register from USB HID firmware driver, and dynamic-configuration device descriptor, configuration descriptor, interface descriptor, port description and HID descriptor;
(3) start the usb communication control program, initialization usb communication process is prepared to communicate by letter with host computer system;
(4) the usb communication control program detects the USB plug event message that sends from USB HID firmware driver, reinitializes the usb communication process;
(5) the usb communication control program sends and receives the data of main frame, gives the data processor that needs these data;
(6) the general driving program of host operating system reads from all descriptors of USB HID device, and identification HID equipment prepares to carry out data communication;
In the above-mentioned steps; Said built-in Linux operating system employing 2.6 of step (1) and above version kernel; Kernel mainly is made up of five sub-systems such as process scheduling, memory management, Virtual File System, network interface and process communications; To the cpu chip type and the hardware structure of SoC hardware control circuit, built-in Linux operating system has carried out corresponding transplanting and configuration effort.Extendable functions when built-in Linux operating system provides operation can add device drives to operating system behind os starting, adopted this technology from USB HID firmware driver.(SuSE) Linux OS provides system call interfaces API to application program, and user's space running environment is provided.
In the above-mentioned steps; The said firmware driver of step (2) adopts Linux module machine (module) technology; Can be by linux kernel dynamic load and release, firmware program uses linux system to call, and dynamically is connected to linux kernel or from linux kernel, discharges.The structure of fixer system is followed successively by: usb communication control program, linux system calling interface, Virtual File System, character device driving interface, from USB HID firmware driver, hardware components.Wherein the function formation from USB HID firmware driver comprises: (1) is from initialization of USB control chip and controlling sub; (2) usb data receives submodule; (3) usb data sends submodule; (4) USB break in service submodule; (5) the USB character drives and realizes submodule.The linux system calling interface provides API Calls to application program; Virtual File System provides various file operation interfaces to the linux system calling interface; The abstract various character device operations of character device driving interface, and to Virtual File System registration various device operations; From the USB control chip, accomplish relevant USB HID agreement from the operation of USB HID firmware driver, and to character device driving interface device registration information; Hardware components is mainly the hardware control circuit that contains from the USB control chip.
In the above-mentioned steps; The said usb communication control program of step (3) is the Linux application program, calls Linux API (Application Program Interface) and accomplishes initialization, data read-write operation, the reception USB plug event message of USB and reinitialize.
In the above-mentioned steps; The measuring ability of the said usb communication control program of step (4) adopts threading; This thread receives from the plug event message of kernel spacing from the break in service submodule of USB HID firmware driver; USB plug incident is analyzed and handled to this message, USB device is reinitialized.
In the above-mentioned steps, the data transmit-receive funcall linux system API of the said usb communication control program of step (5), calling system is read function and is read the data from usb bus, and calling system is write function and is sent data to usb bus.The data transmit-receive function has realized the data communication between this device and the host computer system, and data communication process adopts USB HID agreement.
In the above-mentioned steps, the general driving program of the said host operating system of step (6) reads the HID device descriptor from the USB control chip, comprises the steps: that specifically (1) USB device inserts main frame, and the host query usb hub obtains information accurately; (2) main frame USB waits at least 100 milliseconds, lets power devices be in steady state (SS), USB device enable port then, and send reset request to USB device; (3) reset finish after, the USB device initialization register, request responds USB device to bus standard through default address; (4) usb host obtains device descriptor, configuration descriptor, interface descriptor, endpoint descriptor, the HID descriptor of USB device through default address; (5) usb host is to the USB device address of allocating a device; (6) main frame sends configuring request according to the configuration information that obtains to USB device, after equipment is accomplished response, accomplishes the device enumeration process.
The advantage from USB HID device and firmware implementation method that the present invention is based on built-in Linux is: in order to solve the deficiency of prior art; The invention provides a kind of based on built-in Linux operating system from USB HID device and firmware implementation method; Realized that main frame need not install special-purpose driving and just can discern and visit this device, and provide detection of dynamic to plug Event Function.Method advantage provided by the invention is: the first, under each operating system, need not develop and install special-purpose driver, and when device inserts host computer system, can be discerned by host operating system, and directly utilize this device of operating system interface function access; The second, monitor the connection status of usb bus in real time, identification plug incident provides the hot plug function, improves the ease for use of equipment.The 3rd, firmware program can dynamic-configuration USB HID descriptor, makes common equipment conflicts such as device discord keyboard, mouse, and main frame can be discerned this device more easily, improves the stability of system.
Description of drawings;
Fig. 1 is based on the hardware configuration synoptic diagram from USB HID device and firmware implementation method of built-in Linux;
Fig. 2 is based on the fixer system structured flowchart from USB HID device and firmware implementation method of built-in Linux;
Fig. 3 is based on the plug event handling process flow diagram from USB HID device and firmware implementation method of built-in Linux;
Fig. 4 is based on the initialized process flow diagram of usb communication control program from USB HID device and firmware implementation method of built-in Linux.
Embodiment
Relevant technology contents of the present invention and detailed description, existing accompanying drawings is following:
(1) Fig. 1 illustrates hardware configuration of the present invention, and the present invention is a kind of from USB HID device (100).Its hardware configuration is formed and is comprised:
(1.1) be a SoC control circuit from USB HID device (100), comprise processor CPU (101), from USB control chip (102), dma controller (103), Memory Controller Hub (104), power module (105), internal storage (106), system bus (107), nonvolatile memory (108).
(1.2) connect electric supply installation from USB HID device (100) through supply line (110), supply line (110) is connected to power module (105), and power module (105) is to supplying power from the circuit of USB HID device (100).The electric supply installation here can be host computer system or power supply independently.
(1.3) can be to connect up computing machine through usb data line (109) from USB HID device (100), up computing machine receives data and sends data to from USB HID device (100) through usb bus.The data here can be any binary data streams, and it is mutual that device and computing machine carry out data communication through these data.
(1.4) be connected with up computing machine through usb bus from USB control chip (102).Inner at device, be connected to system bus (107) from USB control chip (102), wherein processor CPU (101) through system bus (107) to operating and dispose from USB control chip (102).Also can pass through the exchange of dma controller (103) control data from USB control chip (102).Can dynamic-configuration from USB control chip (102), by its configuration behavior of software control.In the present invention, this is configured to USB HID slave unit from the USB control chip, and during definition HID descriptor, classification field is set to 0x03 (HID classification), and the agreement of use is set to 0x11 (self-defined classification).
(1.5) the firmware implementation method of the present invention fixer system that is finger device promptly is the software systems that run on the SoC control circuit.Software systems are kept in the nonvolatile memory (108), and behind the device electrifying startup, software systems are shifted in the internal storage (106), and go up operation at processor CPU (101).Software systems mainly comprise: built-in Linux operating system, from the device driver and the usb communication control program of USB HID control chip.
(2) Fig. 2 illustrates fixer system structure of the present invention, and its structure is formed and comprised: built-in Linux operating system, from USB HID firmware driver, usb communication control program.Wherein, run on the kernel spacing of built-in Linux operating system from USB HID firmware driver, the usb communication control program runs on the user's space of built-in Linux operating system.Fixer system is kept in the nonvolatile memory of hardware control circuit, and behind the hardware control circuit electrifying startup, fixer system is shifted in the internal memory, and on CPU, moves.
Built-in Linux operating system of the present invention provides from the module of USB HID firmware driver option is set, and in KConfig file and Makefile, has added the CONFIG_USB_HID macro definition, is used for compiling from USB HID firmware driver.Configuration CONFIG_USB_HID macro definition is a module option, and when the compiling linux kernel, being compiled into from USB HID firmware driver is a driver module, this module can be when operation dynamic load.
Of the present inventionly form by five function sub-modules from USB HID firmware driver:
(2.1) USB chip initiation and controlling sub: the clock from the USB control chip is set, enables this chip, and configuration is from the registers group of USB chip;
(2.2) whether usb data: have data to exist in the data query formation, if data are arranged, the application program in the wake-up waiting notifies the data in its data queue to take away, and the deal with data formation, gets into standby mode then if receiving submodule;
(2.3) usb data sends submodule: copy application's data in the data queue to, and wake up and read USB break in service submodule, notify its data to send to from the USB control chip, and wait for from the USB control chip and accomplish data transfer operation;
(2.4) USB break in service submodule: handle interruption,, accomplish operations such as the enumerating of USB, Data Receiving, data are sent, data queue wakes up according to interrupt type from the USB control chip; Enumerate if interrupt type is USB, send to computing machine to ready device descriptor, configuration descriptor, interface descriptor, port descriptor, HID descriptor in driving through default port 0, enumerate completion after, this device of computer Recognition is HID equipment; Receive if interrupt type is a usb data, expression has data arrives from the USB control chip, in data queue, and wakes the usb data reception submodule in data queue to the copying data of receiving up; Send if interrupt type is a usb data, whether have data to need to send in the data query formation,, write data from the USB control chip, and wait for it and accomplish data and send if there are data to need to send.
(2.5) the USB character drives and realizes submodule: to encapsulating from USB HID firmware driver, its method for packing must be followed Linux character device driver related specifications; Registrations such as the read operation that the completion character device drives, write operation, control operation, break in service operation, opening; And to file system registration character device node "/dev/usbhid ", application program is carried out associative operation at this device node of user's space operation; Data structures such as the buffer zone during the initialization character device drives, semaphore; Create and registration netlink structure, this structure is responsible for to user's space broadcasting USB plug event message.
Usb communication control program of the present invention is made up of four function sub-modules:
(2.6) initialization submodule: call the function of opening of Linux API, open device node "/dev/usbhid " to obtain device descriptor; Create plug event message processing threads, this thread plugs the event message processing sub exactly; Create the data transmission line journey, this thread is exactly that data are sent submodule; Create the Data Receiving thread, this thread is exactly the Data Receiving submodule.
(2.7) plug event message processing sub: call the netlink receiver function; Wait for and receive the plug event message that firmware driver sends over; If receive this message, end data is sent submodule and Data Receiving submodule, closes "/dev/usbhid " device node; Again open device node then from "/dev/usbhid ", and the data transmit-receive function in the initialize communications control program again.
(2.8) data are sent submodule: call Linux API and write function, send to data on the usb bus.
(2.9) Data Receiving submodule: call Linux API and read function, receive the data on the usb bus, and submit to other data processors that need these data.
(3) as shown in Figure 3, plug event handling flow process of the present invention:
When this device inserts host computer system again, detect the usb bus reset signal and trigger from the USB control chip and interrupt, interrupt service routine is handled this interruption, calls enumeration function then and accomplishes enumeration process, and restart the data transmit-receive in the firmware driver; After enumeration process, send through the netlink mode and to be broadcast to user's space, notice usb communication control program; The usb communication control program is closed from USB device, and the end data transmission-receiving function is opened from USB device then again, and the data transmit-receive function in the initialize communications control program again; Again register the character device drives from USB chipset driver, the data structure that initialization is all, the data that are ready to next time transmit.
(4) as shown in Figure 4, the initialization flow process of usb communication control module of the present invention:
The usb communication control module is at first called Linux API and is opened device node "/dev/usbhid ", in the corresponding kernel spacing of this device node from the USB chipset, drive from the USB character of USB chip firmware driver and to realize that module is called; The usb communication control module is created plug event message processing threads after accomplishing initialization, and this thread detects the plug event message that sends from USB HID control chip firmware driver, reinitializes the USB passage; Create usb data and send thread, this thread is responsible for being sent to driver to data, sends afterwards on the usb bus; Create the usb data receiving thread, this thread is responsible for receiving the usb bus data from driver.
Embodiment:
Describe in conjunction with accompanying drawing, total system is described according to hardware and two big parts of firmware realization.
Hardware components adopts the calculation element based on the SoC technology, and processor adopting is based on the XSCALE processor of ARM core, and this chip block inside has one from the USB control chip, supports 16 ports, by software it is configured and operates.
It mainly is the fixer system of finger device that firmware is realized, promptly is the software systems that run in CPU and the storage unit.Software systems mainly comprise: built-in Linux operating system, from USB HID firmware driver, usb communication control program; Wherein, run on kernel spacing from USB HID firmware driver, the usb communication control program runs on user's space.
Built-in Linux operating system has been done corresponding transplanting work to the particular hardware framework, and Linux provides system call interfaces, Virtual File System and relevant character device driving interface layer.The present invention derives from the relevant interface of USB HID driver according to the requirement of Linux Driver Design, mainly comprises hid_open, hid_write, and hid_read etc., and these functions are registered to operating system.Usb communication control program among the present invention calls the linux system api function, mainly comprises open, read, write etc., to open from USB device, reading of data, transmission data manipulation.
The detailed process step that firmware is realized is such:
At first compiling into (SuSE) Linux OS, and put into nonvolatile memory to operating system, firmware driver, usb communication control program from USB HID firmware driver.Open the power supply of hardware circuit, the operation (SuSE) Linux OS, Linux is in guiding and initialization procedure; Call and move from USB HID firmware driver module; Completion comprises clock configuration, the setting of related register the initial work from the USB chip; And the enabling of chip, these can be accomplished with reference to the chip handbook.According to the relevant descriptors that defines in the driver, configuration is configured as HID equipment to it from the USB control chip simultaneously.After accomplishing the Linux bootup process; Completion is to from the initialization of USB control chip, and after the operation firmware driver module, need move the usb communication control program at user's space; This program is opened from USB device, and creates plurality of data communication thread and plug monitoring thread.
After accomplishing above-mentioned software arrangements and operation work; As long as this device is connected to the host computer system USB port; Main frame can be discerned and dispose it according to USB HID standard; Discern and dispose behind USB HID device correct, just show the initialization procedure success (this process is called as the USB enumeration process) of this device.
Afterwards, the data transmit-receive of main frame etc. operations can be accomplished through the general driving program of operating system, generally speaking can accomplish the data transfer operation from the USBHID device through calling open under the POSIX standard, read, write function.
The present invention is based on built-in Linux from USB HID device and firmware implementation method; Can realize that the user need not develop with install driver and can directly use this device; And support to use under a plurality of operating systems, have plug and play, compatible good, at a high speed, support characteristics such as hot plug.
It should be noted that the foregoing description only is used for the purpose of explanation, and has no intention to limit the invention.This paper describes the present invention with reference to preferable specific embodiment; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Any change that should comprise all functions within the dependent claims scope, modification, substitute, combination, simplify; Be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- One kind based on built-in Linux from USB HID firmware implementation method, it is used for built-in Linux operating system, it is characterized in that, saidly comprises following steps based on built-in Linux from USB HID firmware implementation method:(1) built-in Linux operating system runs in the SoC control circuit, starts hardware device, and the guiding built-in Linux operating system runs in the hardware control circuit, and moves and operating environment for other programs provide;(2) run on being provided with from USB control chip register of kernel spacing of built-in Linux operating system, and dynamic-configuration device descriptor, configuration descriptor, interface descriptor, port are described and the HID descriptor from USB HID firmware driver;(3) startup runs on the usb communication control program of the user's space of built-in Linux operating system, and initialization usb communication process is prepared to communicate by letter with host computer system;(4) the usb communication control program detects the USB plug event message that sends from USB HID firmware driver, reinitializes the usb communication process;(5) the usb communication control program sends and receives the data of main frame, gives the data processor that needs these data;(6) the general driving program of host operating system reads from all descriptors of USB HID device, and identification HID equipment prepares to carry out data communication.
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| CN 200910063150 CN101593164B (en) | 2009-07-13 | 2009-07-13 | Slave USB HID device and firmware implementation method based on embedded Linux |
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| CN101853224B (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2014-12-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for identifying port of data card device under Linux system |
| CN101894019B (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2014-10-01 | 中山大学 | System and method for network accelerated operation of embedded Linux operating system |
| US9552206B2 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2017-01-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Integrated circuit with control node circuitry and processing circuitry |
| CN102255947A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-11-23 | 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 | STB (Set Top Box) and man-machine interaction method for STB |
| CN102426558A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-04-25 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Method for communication between terminal and computer through USB, terminal and computer |
| CN103019686B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2016-11-23 | 北京思特奇信息技术股份有限公司 | A kind of system across two middlewares and Compilation Method thereof |
| CN103049402A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-04-17 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Method and device for controlling universal serial bus (USB) device |
| CN104077252B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2018-08-10 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | USB device communication means, device and electronic equipment |
| CN103441912A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-11 | 上海固泰科技有限公司 | FlexRay bus monitoring method based on USB-HID protocol |
| CN105589822A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | Data transmission method and device for human interface device |
| CN105868132B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-11 | 优利德科技(中国)股份有限公司 | Digital oscilloscope modularization function expanding method and system based on USB communication |
| WO2018076146A1 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-05-03 | 深圳达闼科技控股有限公司 | Control method and apparatus for terminal device, storage medium, and terminal device |
| CN107315695A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-03 | 浪潮金融信息技术有限公司 | Input and output driving method and device, computer-readable recording medium, terminal |
| CN108089854A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | 天津津航计算技术研究所 | Device PCI drives development system under a kind of LINUX system |
| CN110399317B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2020-12-25 | 西安微电子技术研究所 | Software self-adaptive multifunctional controller of embedded system |
| CN110716831B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-08-02 | 厦门亿联网络技术股份有限公司 | Terminal, debugging system of USB (universal serial bus) equipment and debugging method of USB equipment |
| CN110795375A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-14 | 浪潮金融信息技术有限公司 | Communication method for operating serial port and HID peripheral based on linux |
| CN112416829B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-06-29 | 福州富昌维控电子科技有限公司 | Method for transmitting data to HMI (human machine interface) and USB HID (Universal Serial bus) equipment |
| CN119065820B (en) * | 2024-11-06 | 2025-03-14 | 山东航天人工智能安全芯片研究院 | System and method for multitasking support of USB device based on Linux operating system |
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