The epoxidizing method of gel-free double bond-contained polymer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of epoxidizing method of polymkeric substance, especially relate to a kind of gel of can avoiding occurring in the epoxidation reaction, improve the solubility property of epoxidation product, solve the epoxidizing method of the gel-free double bond-contained polymer of an important difficult problem in the double bond-contained polymer epoxidation product suitability for industrialized production.
Background technology
Double bond-contained polymer is the important polymkeric substance of a class, and they normally are that monomer makes by homopolymerization or copolymerization with the conjugated diene.This base polymer has elasticity preferably usually, can be used as elastomerics and uses.But because this class material polarity is poor, make its oil-proofness, cohesiveness and ventilation property relatively poor, limited the Application Areas of double bond-contained polymer.In order to improve the polarity of this base polymer, can be when polymerization by introducing polar group with the specific polarity monomer copolymerization, but because specific polarity monomer kind is few, the price height has limited the application of this method.Another kind method is to finish the back in polymerization to introduce polar group by chemical modification in polymkeric substance, and this method is simple to operate, can require to introduce specific group according to reality, therefore has extremely widely and uses.
Two keys are easy to be oxidized to epoxy group(ing) under the effect of suitable oxidizing agent in the polymkeric substance, this not only can realize the polar of polymkeric substance, can also in polymkeric substance, introduce the two higher epoxy group(ing) of key of reactivity ratio, give polymkeric substance new reactivity worth, double bond-contained polymer is converted into a kind of functional materials, so the epoxidation modification of double bond-contained polymer has important use value.Research has had 40 years history to the double bond-contained polymer epoxidizing method, but up to the present also rests on the laboratory study stage, does not begin large-scale commercial applications production.The major cause of restriction large-scale industrial production is to be attended by serious crosslinking side reaction in epoxidation reaction, has influenced the epoxidation product solubility property, produces gel phenomenon when serious in reaction.Simultaneously, the measure of existing inhibition crosslinking side reaction also tends to epoxidation reaction is caused detrimentally affect, so the control of reaction conditions is very difficult.
The peroxidation formic acid that hydrogen peroxide and formic acid reaction in generate is a kind of important epoxidation reagent, and it has simple to operate, characteristics such as raw material is cheap, accessible double bond conversion rate height.But when finding to use this epoxidation systems epoxidation double bond-contained polymer in actual applications, reaction 2~3h afterreaction system will gel occur and reaction can't be carried out.Udipi (U.S. Pat 4 131 725) proposes the unit acid substitution formic acid with part carbon number 2~9, can effectively suppress crosslinking side reaction.But this innovative approach meeting makes epoxidation reaction speed slack-off, in order to reach high epoxidation transformation efficiency, just must prolong the reaction times, increases the consumption of hydrogen peroxide, has influenced the economic benefit of epoxidation technique.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of epoxidizing method of improved gel-free double bond-contained polymer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to add a small amount of quaternary ammonium salt in the system that is epoxidation reagent with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid mixtures, to improve epoxidation reaction stability, avoid the generation of gel phenomenon, can not produce tangible detrimentally affect simultaneously epoxidation reaction.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) with polymer dissolution in organic solvent, polymers soln, in polymers soln, add quaternary ammonium salt and formic acid, stir, solution A;
2) hydrogen peroxide is added in the solution A, first insulation reaction is 1h at least, and temperature reaction again gets reaction product;
3) with after the reaction product cleaning, tell organic layer, removal of solvent under reduced pressure can make epoxidised gel-free double bond-contained polymer.
In step 1), described organic solvent is selected from least a in toluene, hexanaphthene, 1,2 ethylene dichloride, parachlorotoluene, trichloromethane, the dimethylbenzene etc.; The mass percent concentration of described polymers soln can be 10%~55%, is preferably 10%~35%; Press mass ratio, polymkeric substance: quaternary ammonium salt: formic acid is preferably 100: (0.3~5): (0.5~10);
Described quaternary ammonium salt is selected from least a quaternary ammonium salt that has in the following formula structure, as the anti-gel protective material of epoxidation reaction:
R in structural formula (1)
1, R
2, R
3, R
4Be carbon number 1~12 alkyl, benzyl; R in the structural formula (2) (3)
1, R
2Be alkyl, phenyl, the benzyl of carbon number 1~12, and R
3, R
4, R
5Except being the alkyl, benzyl, phenyl of carbon number 1~12, can also be H; R in the structural formula (4) (5)
1Be alkyl, benzyl, the phenyl of carbon number 1~12, and R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, R
6Can be H, the alkyl of carbon number 1~12, phenyl, benzyl.
In step 2) in, the temperature of described insulation reaction is preferably 30~40 ℃, and the temperature of described temperature reaction is preferably 60~70 ℃, and the time of temperature reaction is preferably 4~8h; Press mass ratio, solution A: hydrogen peroxide is preferably 100: (10~80), by mass percentage, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is preferably 10%~30%.
Described double bond-contained polymer is meant with the conjugated diene to be homopolymerization of monomer synthetic or copolymerization superpolymer, and its molecular weight is 800~10
6Between.
The present invention adds a small amount of quaternary ammonium salt based on traditional epoxidation technique prescription in system, can play stabilization to reaction system viscosity, avoids gel phenomenon occurring in epoxidation reaction, and epoxidation reaction is carried out smoothly.The quaternary ammonium salt that adds is little to the epoxidation reaction influence, and epoxidation reaction can be carried out with speed of response faster.The epoxidation product that makes in this way has the oxirane value height, and the extraction residual rate is low, and solubility property is good, the productive rate advantages of higher, and the epoxidation product double bond conversion rate is more than 60%, and wherein oxirane value is not less than 0.46mol/100g; The extraction residual rate is not more than 4.5%; The epoxidation product productive rate is more than 55%.These advantages make the industrialization of epoxidised double bond-contained polymer product have appreciable prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence of organic salt to reaction system viscosity.In Fig. 1, X-coordinate is reaction times (h), and ordinate zou is viscosity (cps); ■ is for adding organic salt system, ● for adding organic salt system; Traditional system gel occurs behind reaction 2~3h, so innumerable strong point behind the 3h.
Embodiment
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is noted that the present invention is not limited to following each specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Dissolve styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) (Mn=3.5 * 10 with toluene solvant
5) formation 15%wt styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) solution.Get the above-mentioned styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) solution of 100g, add 0.3g benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 7.6mL formic acid again, be warmed up to 40 ℃ behind the formation homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 10mL30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide again.Be incubated 1h down at 40 ℃ earlier, be warmed up to 60 ℃ of reaction 5h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 4 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, decompression remove toluene get final product epoxidation styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR).
Epoxidation styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) double bond conversion rate 76.3%, the extraction residual rate is 1.34%.
Embodiment 2
Dissolve cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber (Mn=1.1 * 10 with hexanaphthene
5) formation 10%wt cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber solution.Get the above-mentioned solution of 100g, add 1.2g chlorination N-methylimidazole, 4.5mL formic acid again, be warmed up to 40 ℃ behind the formation homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 20mL15% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide again.At 40 ℃ of insulation 2h, be warmed up to 65 ℃ of reaction 4h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 4 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, decompression remove hexanaphthene get final product the epoxidation cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.
Epoxidation cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber double bond conversion rate is 81.3%, and the extraction residual rate is 3.26%.
Embodiment 3
With 1,2 ethylene dichloride dissolving natural rubber (Mn=1.27 * 10
6) form the solution of 20%wt.Get the above-mentioned solution of 100g then, add 0.4g chlorination N-dimethylbenzimidazole, 3.4mL formic acid again, be warmed up to 40 ℃ behind the formation homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 22mL15% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide.At 40 ℃ of insulation 1h, be warmed up to 65 ℃ of reaction 6h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 3 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, decompression remove hexanaphthene get final product epoxy natural rubber.
The epoxy natural rubber double bond conversion rate is 85.4%, and the extraction residual rate is 2.83%.
Embodiment 4
With parachlorotoluene dissolving SIS block polymer (Mn=1.27 * 10
5) formation 17wt% solution.Get above-mentioned solution 100g then, add 0.8g bromination N-ethylpyridine again, 6.5mL formic acid is warmed up to 40 ℃ behind the formation homogeneous solution, slowly is added dropwise to 17mL15% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide.At 40 ℃ of insulation 1.5h, be warmed up to 75 ℃ of reaction 4h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 2 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, decompression remove hexanaphthene get final product epoxy SIS.
Epoxidation SIS double bond conversion rate is not less than 81.2%, and the extraction residual rate is not higher than 3.67%.
Embodiment 5
With toluene and the partially hydrogenated SBS block polymer of trichloromethane mixed solvent compound (1: 1 V/V) dissolving (Mn=2.7 * 10
5) formation 10%wt solution.Four octyl group ammonium chlorides=1: 2 (W/W)), 8.7mL formic acid get the above-mentioned solution of 100g then, add the composite quaternary ammonium salt of 0.6g (chlorination N-picoline:, be warmed up to 40 ℃ after forming homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 12mL30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide more again.At 40 ℃ of insulation 1h, be warmed up to 55 ℃ of reaction 8h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 4 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, decompression remove hexanaphthene get final product epoxidation partial hydrogenation SBS.
The epoxidation product double bond conversion rate is 63.6%, and the extraction residual rate is 1.34%.
Embodiment 6
With 1, the 2-ethylene dichloride is dissolution with solvents EPDM rubber (Mn=2.13 * 10
5) formation 10%wt solution.Get above-mentioned solution 100g then, add 0.4g chlorination N-methyl benzo pyridine, 4mL formic acid again, be warmed up to 40 ℃ behind the formation homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 13mL15% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide again.At 40 ℃ of insulation 1h, be warmed up to 65 ℃ of reaction 5h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 4 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, decompression remove hexanaphthene get final product epoxidation EPDM.
The epoxidation product double bond conversion rate is 61.3%, and the extraction residual rate is 1.54%.
Embodiment 7
With dimethylbenzene is dissolution with solvents liquid cis butadiene (Mn=2000), forms 45%wt solution.Four octyl group brometo de amonios=2: 3 (W/W)), 5mL formic acid get above-mentioned solution 100g, add the composite quaternary ammonium salt of 0.56g (Tetrabutyl amonium bromide:, be warmed up to 40 ℃ after forming homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 27mL30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide more again.At 40 ℃ of insulation 1h, be warmed up to 65 ℃ of reaction 4h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 4 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, removal of solvent under reduced pressure get final product the epoxidized liquid cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.
The epoxidation product double bond conversion rate is more than 75%, and the extraction residual rate is not higher than 3.18%.
Embodiment 8
With toluene and hexanaphthene mixing solutions (1: 1 (V/V)) dissolving liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (Mn=1000), form 40%wt liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber solution.Bromination N-methylimidazole=3: 1 (W/W)), 5mL formic acid get 100g liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber solution, add the composite quaternary ammonium salt of 0.3g (4 bromide:, be warmed up to 40 ℃ after forming homogeneous solution, slowly be added dropwise to 20mL15% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide more again.At 40 ℃ of insulation 1h, be warmed up to 65 ℃ of reaction 4h again.Reaction finishes the back with deionized water wash 4 times, tells organic layer with separating funnel, removal of solvent under reduced pressure get final product the epoxidized liquid paracril.
The epoxidation product double bond conversion rate is more than 81.4%, and it is 3.18% that the extraction residual rate is not higher than.
Described double bond-contained polymer strength of solution is between 10%~55% (wt).The solvent that is fit to be used as epoxidation reaction organic phase medium comprises naphthenic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroparaffin, chloro naphthenic hydrocarbon, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixture.Can according to similarly mix, polar principle, solubility parameters principle from above-mentioned solvent, select can dissolve polymer solvent.
The variation of interpolation quaternary ammonium salt afterreaction system viscosity is as shown in Figure 1 in epoxidation systems. and as can be seen from the figure organic salt plays stabilization to the viscosity of reaction system, and the viscosity of system only has slight increase before and after the reaction.Sharply do not rise and do not add organic salt system viscosity, will produce gel behind reaction 2~3h.This shows that quaternary ammonium salt is splendid to the epoxidation reaction stabilising effect.