CN101521104B - Full optical fiber current transformer adopting double closed loop control - Google Patents
Full optical fiber current transformer adopting double closed loop control Download PDFInfo
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- CN101521104B CN101521104B CN2008102268669A CN200810226866A CN101521104B CN 101521104 B CN101521104 B CN 101521104B CN 2008102268669 A CN2008102268669 A CN 2008102268669A CN 200810226866 A CN200810226866 A CN 200810226866A CN 101521104 B CN101521104 B CN 101521104B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full optical fiber current transformer. After passing through a Loyt depolarization device, a light beam emitted by a light source enters an integrated optical device and produces two beams of linearly polarized light through the processing of the integrated optical device; and after passing through a polarization maintaining optical fiber delay line and a lambada/4 waveplate, the two beams of the linearly polarized light are converted into two beams of elliptically polarized light and enter sensitive optical fibers for transmission. Due to the Faraday magnetic opti cal effect, the two beams of the elliptically polarized light produce a phase difference under the action of a magnetic field produced by a tested current; subsequently the two beams of the light enter the sensitive optical fibers again after being reflected by a reflector; and the two beams of the light interchange the light paths and produce the phase difference again under the action of the magnetic field produced by the tested current. The two beams of the elliptically polarized light carrying current information return to the integrated optical device via the lambada/4 wave plate and the polarization maintaining optical fiber delay line to form interference light which is sent to a photo detector. The photo detector converts a light intensity signal carrying the information of the tested current into a voltage signal which is sent to a double closed loop control device. The double closed loop control device respectively completes the phase zero setting closed loop control and the modulated wave resetting closed loop control of the two beams of the linearly polarized light according to the voltage signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of current transformer, particularly a kind of all-fiber current transformator device that adopts two closed-loop control phase of light wave differences and modulating wave reset error.
Background technology
Current transformer (be called for short CT) is the visual plant of relaying protection and electric energy metrical in the electric power system, and safety, the stable operation of its long-time stability, reliability, fail safe and electric power system are closely related.
Current transformer commonly used at present is mainly electromagnetic current transducer, its principle of having utilized electromagnetic induction with on high-tension side current conversion to low-pressure side, therefore there is unvanquishable difficulty on some principles, as problems such as ferro resonance, magnetic saturation, band limiting, need injecting oil and gas, second open circuit hidden danger.
The novel optical current mutual inductor based on the Faraday effect can overcome above problem, and optical current mutual inductor can be divided into magneto-optic glass structure and all optical fibre structure on structure.Wherein the light wave of propagating in the glass blocks of the current transformer of magneto-optic glass structure deflects under the action of a magnetic field, can obtain the magnetic field intensity that applied by detecting deflection angle, thereby draw the size of current of passing, this scheme is an open loop policy, therefore has shortcomings such as measuring range is little, sensitivity is low, long-time stability difference; Another kind of structure is the structure of full optical fiber, can produce the phase difference that is proportional to magnetic field between the two-beam ripple of in sensitive optical fibre, propagating, utilize the method for interfering to detect this phase difference, thereby draw the size of current corresponding with magnetic field, can realize the closed loop of phase difference is detected by the optical phase modulator of low-pressure side, so just can reach a very big measuring range, but there is certain defective in prior art: the first, because slow drift can take place the performance of modulator, single closed-loop control can not guarantee the stability that instrument transformer is long-term; The second, light path is comparatively complicated, has used more independent optical component, and too much optical component is unfavorable for the long-term stability of light path; Three, the linear polarization light path is had relatively high expectations to the light source emergent light, and the light path compatibility is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of light path simple, be easy to realize, measuring range is wide, the all-fiber current transformator of highly sensitive, long-time stability are good two closed-loop controls of employing.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) the present invention adopts two closed-loop control devices to realize the closed-loop control that resets of the phase place zero setting closed-loop control that enters two bunch polarised lights in the integrated optical device and modulating wave, overcome the measure error of the slow drift generation of integrated optical device, when the assurance measuring range is wide, highly sensitive, improved the long-time stability of instrument transformer;
(2) the of the present invention pair of closed-loop control device formed two closed-loop control systems by device commonly used such as AD, DA transducer, operational amplifier, integrator, variable number resistance, and be simple in structure, be easy to realize, and control highly sensitive, good stability;
(3) the present invention has adopted a kind of extraordinary integrated optical device of making by titanium diffusion and two kinds of technologies of proton exchange, greatly reduces the light path complexity, has improved the light path long-time stability simultaneously;
(4) adopted a Loyt depolarizer in the light path of the present invention, reduced requirement, can adapt to the semiconductor laser of random polarization state, also improved the stability of light path when having improved the light path compatibility the laser polarization characteristic;
(5) the modulated square wave signal of four kinds of forms of square-wave modulator generation in the two closed-loop control devices of the present invention helps the extraction that modulated square wave reset error and two bundle elliptically polarized lights produce phase differences, has improved the precision and the stability of two closed-loop controls;
(6) AD converter and main DA transducer adopt more than 10 in the two closed-loop control devices of the present invention, and secondary DA transducer or variable number resistance adopt the device more than 8, can improve the control range and the stability of two closed-loop controls.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of all-fiber current transformator of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of two closed-loop control devices in the all-fiber current transformator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of integrated optical device in the all-fiber current transformator of the present invention;
The modulated square wave signal waveforms that Fig. 4 produces for square-wave modulator in the two closed-loop control devices of all-fiber current transformator of the present invention;
The reset wave figure of the staircase waveform stack back formation that the modulated square wave signal that Fig. 5 produces for square-wave modulator in the two closed-loop control devices of all-fiber current transformator of the present invention and staircase waveform maker produce.
Embodiment
The essence of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention is to utilize the principle of interference of two-beam, obtains tested electric current by the variation of measuring interference light intensity.The two closed-loop controls that proposed also reset to modulating wave and have carried out accurate control except finishing the phase place zero setting that electric current is caused.
As shown in Figure 1, be the structural principle block diagram of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention.Light path part comprises light source 1, Loyt depolarizer 2, integrated optical device 3, polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line 4, λ/4 wave plates 5, sensitive optical fibre 6, speculum 7, photodetector 8 and two closed-loop control device 9.The tail optical fiber of light source 1 is connected with Loyt depolarizer 2, the other end of Loyt depolarizer 2 is connected with a end of integrated optical device 3, photodetector 8 is connected with the b end of integrated optical device 3, the c end of integrated optical device 3 is connected by shaft with polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line 4, the other end of polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line 4 is connected with the end of going into of λ/4 wave plates 5, the end that goes out of λ/4 wave plates 5 is connected with an end of sensitive optical fibre 6, and the other end of sensitive optical fibre 6 is connected with speculum 7.The output signal of photodetector 8 is delivered to two closed-loop control devices 9, produces control signal control integrated optical device 3 by two closed-loop control devices 9.
The light that light source 1 sends will be through a Loyt depolarizer 2 to eliminate light source output polarisation of light, depolarized light enters a end of integrated optical device 3, after handling, integrated optical device 3 exports two bunch polarised lights by the c end, wherein have only a branch of light to be subjected to modulation, two bunch polarised lights enter polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line 4 respectively along X-axis (fast axle) and Y-axis (slow axis) transmission, two bunch polarised lights are through behind λ/4 wave plates 5, change two bundle elliptically polarized lights into, a branch of left-handed, another restraints dextrorotation, propagate through sensitive optical fibre 6, the two bundle elliptically polarized lights of propagating in sensitive optical fibre produce phase difference under Faraday magneto optical effect and tested electric current acting in conjunction
Wherein a is circularly polarized light component proportion (parameter relevant with polarization), a=0 during linear polarization, and a=during circular polarization ± 1, during elliptical polarization 0＜| a|＜1; N is the number of turn of sensitive optical fibre; V is a Verdet constant; I is the tested electric current that passes the sensitive optical fibre head.The two-beam ripple arrives and enters sensitive optical fibre 6 once more after speculum 7 is reflected, and former left-handed rotation becomes right-handed rotation, and former right-handed rotation becomes left-handed rotation, under Faraday magneto optical effect and tested electric current acting in conjunction, has produced once more
Phase difference, like this, total phase difference is
The two-beam ripple has carried current information, changes linearly polarized light into through behind λ/4 wave plates 5, at this moment, the light of former X-axis enters Y-axis, the light of former Y-axis enters X-axis, gets back to integrated optical device 3 along polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line 4 and interferes, and interference light arrives photodetector 8 by integrated optical device 3 output backs.
As shown in Figure 2, theory diagram for the two closed-loop control devices 9 of the present invention comprises prefix operation amplifier 91, AD converter 92, FPGA or DSP digital processing element 93, main DA transducer 94, secondary DA transducer 95 or variable number resistance 96, operational amplifier 97.The output of photodetector 8 is connected with prefix operation amplifier 91, the output of operational amplifier preposition 91 is connected to AD converter 92, the output of AD converter 92 is connected to FPGA or DSP digital processing element 93, the main DA transducer 94 of realizing first closed-loop control links to each other with digital processing element 93, the output of main DA transducer 94 is connected to integrated optical device 3 by operational amplifier 97, finishes the phase place zero setting that enters two bunch polarised lights in the integrated optical device 3.The method of attachment that realizes another closed-loop control has two kinds, a kind of method is that the input of secondary DA transducer 95 is connected with digital processing element 93, the output of secondary DA transducer 95 is connected to main DA transducer 94 reference edges (output of secondary DA transducer 95 is as the reference level of main DA transducer 94), like this, can regulate the reference voltage of main DA transducer 94 automatically along with the variation of modulating wave reset error, also just FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out in the gain of modulating wave, thereby realized the accurate control that modulating wave resets; Another kind method is to utilize the gain resistor of a variable number resistance 96 as operational amplifier 97, according to the modulating wave reset error FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out in the gain of modulating wave equally, thereby has realized the accurate control that modulating wave resets.
Realize that the method for modulating the closed-loop control that resets has two kinds, secondary DA transducer 95 of first kind of needs, the control signal that resets of modulation is converted to analog signal after by secondary DA transducer 95, and this analog signal just can be realized modulating the closed-loop control that resets as the reference of main DA transducer 94; Another kind method needs the gain resistor of a variable number resistance 96 as operational amplifier 97, the feedback signal that FPGA or the 93 generation modulation of DSP signal processing unit reset is input to digital resistance and can realizes modulating the closed-loop control that resets, because it is lower that the control precision that modulation resets requires, so, select for use DA transducer or digital resistance to get final product usually greater than 8bit.
FPGA or DSP signal processing unit 93 comprise " four an attitudes " square-wave modulator 931, main demodulator 932 and secondary demodulator 933, main integrator 934 and secondary integrator 935, staircase waveform maker 936." four attitudes " square-wave modulator (931) produces " four attitudes " square-wave modulation signal, main demodulator 932 and secondary demodulator 933 carry out demodulation process according to square-wave modulation signal to the digital signal of AD converter 92 outputs, the principal solution tonal signal enters main integrator 934, secondary restituted signal enters secondary integrator 935, the output signal of main integrator 934 produces staircase waveform through staircase waveform maker 936, and outputing to main DA transducer 94 with the synthetic modulating wave in modulated square wave stack back, the signal of secondary integrator 933 outputs to secondary DA transducer 95 or variable number resistance 96.
In order to demodulate the error signal that modulating wave resets, modulated square wave need be designed to " four attitudes " form, specific as follows, Δ φ
1(t)=φ
b, Δ φ
2(t)=2 π-φ
b, Δ φ
3(t)=-φ
b, Δ φ
4(t)=-(2 π-φ
b), φ wherein
bBe the offset operation point, if consider modulating wave reset error ε, modulating wave can become following four kinds of forms, Δ φ so
1(t)=(1+ ε) φ
b, Δ φ
2(t)=(1+ ε) (2 π-φ
b), Δ φ
3(t)=-(1+ ε) φ
b, Δ φ
4(t)=-(1+ ε) (2 π-φ
b), consider that the phase difference that Faraday effect causes is φ
i, so Dui Ying restituted signal is as follows, S
1=-ε φ
b-Δ φ
i, S
2=ε (2 π-φ
b)+Δ φ
i, S
1=-ε φ
b+ Δ φ
i, S
2=ε (2 π-φ
b)-Δ φ
iThe sequence that generates according to modulated square wave (,+,+,-) carry out demodulation and can obtain φ
i, and according to sequence (,+,-,+) carry out demodulation and can obtain modulating wave reset error ε, and guarantee φ
iOrthogonality with the ε demodulation.The modulated square wave frequency that described " four attitudes " square-wave modulator 931 produces is f=1/2 τ, and wherein τ is that light signal is in the propagation time sum of polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line 4 with sensitive optical fibre 6, as shown in Figure 5.
As shown in Figure 3, structure principle chart for integrated optical device 3 of the present invention, be made by two lithium niobate chips, its chips 31 adopts proton exchange technology to complete, and chip 32 adopts the titanium diffusion technology to complete, and chip 31 and chip 32 adopt bonding, and angle is 45 degree or 135 degree, X-axis (perhaps Y-axis) direction at chip 32 plates electrode, realizes the function that light phase is modulated.
Two closed-loop control devices 9 proposed by the invention can move in FPGA or DSP, also can move in the system of FPGA+DSP.It requires links such as AD conversion, " four attitudes " square-wave frequency modulation, demodulation, feedback DA conversion will guarantee that strict sequential is synchronous, also will guarantee processing delay time.As shown in Figure 4, the modulated square wave generator produces periodic digital square wave under the control of system clock, the system clock of indication must be corresponding time of delay with optical fiber, the numeral square wave outputs to main DA transducer 94, modulate by 3 pairs of light signals of integrated optical device, behind an optical fiber delay period, the maintenance of sampling of signal processing unit control AD converter 92, and read the corresponding digital value; Main demodulator 932 according to sequence (,+,+,-) digital value is resolved, can obtain the phase difference that Faraday effect causes
i, secondary demodulator 933 according to sequence (,+,-,+) digital value is resolved, can obtain modulating wave reset error ε; Through main integrator 934,935 couples of error signal φ of secondary integrator
iCarry out integration with ε, the result of main integrator 934 outputs to main DA transducer 94, through operational amplifier 97 voltage signal that feeds back is applied to integrated optical device 3, has promptly realized phase place zero setting.The result of secondary integrator 935 outputs to a secondary DA transducer 95, the output of DA transducer 95 is as the reference level of main DA transducer 94, like this, can regulate the reference voltage of main DA transducer 94 automatically along with the variation of modulating wave reset error, also just FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out in the gain of modulating wave, thereby realized the accurate control that modulating wave resets; Another kind method is to utilize the gain resistor of a variable number resistance 96 as operational amplifier 97, according to the modulating wave reset error FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out in the gain of modulating wave equally, thereby has realized the accurate control that modulating wave resets.More than two kinds of methods all can realize controls to the modulating wave reset error, thereby the long-term stability of assurance current transformer constant multiplier.
The content that is not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to those skilled in the art's known technology.
Claims (10)
1. an all-fiber current transformator that adopts two closed-loop controls is characterized in that comprising: light source (1), Loyt depolarizer (2), integrated optical device (3), polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line (4), λ/4 wave plates (5), sensitive optical fibre (6), speculum (7), photodetector (8) and two closed-loop control device (9); The light beam that light source (1) sends enters integrated optical device (3) and handles generation two bunch polarised lights after Loyt depolarizer (2) is eliminated polarization, has only a branch of modulation that has been subjected in the two bunch polarised lights; Two bunch polarised lights enter polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line (4), and respectively along fast axle and slow axis transmission, two bunch polarised lights change two bundle elliptically polarized lights into through λ/4 wave plates (5) subsequently, and a branch of left-handed, another restraints dextrorotation, enters sensitive optical fibre (6) simultaneously and propagates; The two bundle elliptically polarized lights of in sensitive optical fibre (6), propagating, because Faraday magneto optical effect, under the effect in tested electric current generation magnetic field, produce phase difference, two bundle elliptically polarized lights arrive speculum (7) subsequently, enter sensitive optical fibre (6) once more after speculum (7) reflection, left-handed light beam becomes right-hand beam, and right-hand beam becomes left-handed light beam, produce at tested electric current under the effect in magnetic field, two bundle elliptically polarized lights produce phase difference once more; Two bundle elliptically polarized lights of current information have been carried, change two bunch polarised lights into through behind λ/4 wave plates (5), original light beam along fast axle transmission enters slow axis, originally the light beam along the slow axis transmission entered fast axle, then get back to integrated optical device (3) and interfere, deliver to photodetector (8) behind the formation interference light along polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line (4); Photodetector (8) is delivered to two closed-loop control devices (9) after the tested current information that carries in the described interference light is converted to voltage signal by light intensity signal, two closed-loop control devices (9) are according to the voltage signal that transmits, finish respectively the closed-loop control that resets of the phase place zero setting closed-loop control that enters two bunch polarised lights in the integrated optical device (3) and modulating wave.
2. a kind of all-fiber current transformator that adopts two closed-loop controls according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pair of closed-loop control device (9) comprises prefix operation amplifier (91), AD converter (92), digital signal processing unit (93), main DA transducer (94), secondary DA transducer (95), operational amplifier (97), digital signal processing unit (93) comprises square-wave modulator (931), main demodulator (932), secondary demodulator (933) again, main integrator (934), secondary integrator (935) and staircase waveform maker (936); Prefix operation amplifier (91) receives the voltage signal of photodetector (8) output, amplify, after direct sum filtering, be converted to digital signal through AD converter (92), described digital signal enters main demodulator (932) and secondary demodulator (933) respectively, square-wave modulator (931) produces square-wave modulation signal and also delivers to main demodulator (932) and secondary demodulator (933) respectively, main demodulator (932) and secondary demodulator (933) carry out demodulation process according to square-wave modulation signal to the digital signal of AD converter (92) output, the principal solution tonal signal enters main integrator (934), secondary restituted signal enters secondary integrator (935), the output signal of main integrator (934) produces staircase waveform through staircase waveform maker (936), and synthesize modulating wave after the square-wave modulation signal stack that produces with square-wave modulator (931) and output to main DA transducer (94), output to integrated optical device (3) after passing through operational amplifier (97) again, finish phase place zero setting closed-loop control; The signal of secondary integrator (935) outputs to secondary DA transducer (95), and the reference edge that the output of secondary DA transducer (95) is connected to main DA transducer (94) is finished the modulating wave closed-loop control that resets.
3. a kind of all-fiber current transformator that adopts two closed-loop controls according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the closed-loop control that resets of described modulating wave also can adopt variable number resistance (96) to realize, signal with secondary integrator (935) during realization exports variable number resistance (96) to, by the gain resistor of variable number resistance (96) as operational amplifier (97).
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of all-fiber current transformators that adopt two closed-loop controls, it is characterized in that: described integrated optical device (3) is made by two lithium niobate chips, one of them chip (31) adopts proton exchange technology to make, another chip (32) adopts the titanium diffusion technology to make, and be coated with electrode (33) on the surface of described another chip (32), be used for light phase is modulated, two die bondings together, angle be 45 the degree or 135 the degree.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of all-fiber current transformators that adopt two closed-loop controls, it is characterized in that: the described two bundle elliptically polarized lights of in sensitive optical fibre (6), propagating, because the Faraday magneto optical effect produces the phase difference that produces under the effect in magnetic field at tested electric current
Wherein a is a circularly polarized light component proportion, 0≤| a|≤1, N is the number of turn of sensitive optical fibre (6), and V is a Verdet constant, and I is the tested current value that passes the sensitive optical fibre head.
6. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of all-fiber current transformators that adopt two closed-loop controls, it is characterized in that: the frequency of the modulated square wave signal that described square-wave modulator (931) produces is f=1/2 τ, and wherein τ is the light propagation time sum of polarization maintaining optical fibre delay line (4) and sensitive optical fibre (6).
7. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of all-fiber current transformators that adopt two closed-loop controls, it is characterized in that: the modulated square wave signal that described square-wave modulator (931) produces has four kinds of forms, is respectively S
1=-ε φ
b-Δ φ
i, S
2=ε (2 π-φ
b)+Δ φ
i, S
1=-ε φ
b+ Δ ω
i, S
2=ε (2 π-φ
b)-Δ φ
i, wherein ε is the modulated square wave reset error, φ
bBe the offset operation point of square-wave modulator (931), φ
iThe phase difference that the two bundle elliptically polarized lights that cause for Faraday effect produce.
8. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of all-fiber current transformators that adopt two closed-loop controls, it is characterized in that: the figure place of described AD converter (92) or main DA transducer (94) is more than or equal to 10bit.
9. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of all-fiber current transformators that adopt two closed-loop controls, it is characterized in that: the figure place of described secondary DA transducer (95) is more than or equal to 8bit.
10. a kind of all-fiber current transformator that adopts two closed-loop controls according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the figure place of described variable number resistance (96) is more than or equal to 8bit.
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