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CN101499534A - Distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery - Google Patents

Distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101499534A
CN101499534A CNA2008100593872A CN200810059387A CN101499534A CN 101499534 A CN101499534 A CN 101499534A CN A2008100593872 A CNA2008100593872 A CN A2008100593872A CN 200810059387 A CN200810059387 A CN 200810059387A CN 101499534 A CN101499534 A CN 101499534A
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oxide fuel
heat
solid
gas
pipeline
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CN101499534B (en
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刘凯
王蔚国
黄媛
程宏辉
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

一种固体氧化物燃料电池分布式热电联产系统,其包括固体氧化物燃料电池、燃料供给系统、空气供给系统、余热回收系统、控制系统和电能输出系统,其特征在于:燃料系统分出一路燃料管路与蒸汽发生器通过管路输送过来的水蒸汽在汽水混合室混合合流后,再一起输送连接到催化重整器进行重整,从重整器出来的混合气连接输送到固体氧化物燃料的电池堆阳极。该实用的系统能为独立用户供电供热,能量利用率高,具有十分广阔的经济前景。

Figure 200810059387

A solid oxide fuel cell distributed heat and power cogeneration system, which includes a solid oxide fuel cell, a fuel supply system, an air supply system, a waste heat recovery system, a control system, and an electric energy output system, characterized in that: the fuel system is divided into one The water vapor delivered by the fuel pipeline and the steam generator through the pipeline is mixed and merged in the steam-water mixing chamber, and then sent together and connected to the catalytic reformer for reforming, and the mixed gas from the reformer is connected to the solid oxide Fuel cell stack anode. This practical system can provide power and heat for independent users, has high energy utilization rate, and has very broad economic prospects.

Figure 200810059387

Description

A kind of distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distributed generation system, relating in particular to a kind of is Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (the being called for short SOFC) distributed combined heat and power generation system of fuel with the natural gas.
Background technology
At present, the main mode of electrical energy production, conveying and distribution is central station, superhigh pressure long distance power transmission, the big interconnected centralized power supply system of electrical network of big capacity high pressure high temperature turbosets.But all there are some drawbacks in it aspect flexibility that adapts to load variations and the Supply Security.In the energy crisis, energy crisis and the large area blackout that take place repeatedly in recent years, exposed the shortcoming that existing huge electric power system exists " clumsiness " and " fragility ".
(for example greenhouse effect, SO because severe environmental problem 2, NO xDischarging), the reform of the security provisions (scarcities of energy resources) of future source of energy and electric power system (electric power relax control etc.) or the like, impel people to pursue efficiently power conversion, reduce emission of harmful substances, seek alternative fuel and adopt the small-scale distributed generation system that can implement energy cascade utilization to adapt to above-mentioned requirements on the spot.Economy and science and technology development, automation and power electronic technology highly developed, some are novel, cleaning, the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) development with the novel energy-storing device of coming out efficiently, make these requirements be achieved, background that distributed power generation produces that Here it is.
Distributed power generation is that one side that generating set is installed in the user is on demand powered nearby, and biggest advantage is not need remote controller switching equipment, significantly reduces transmission loss, can utilize exhaust gas heat to realize cogeneration on demand easily, improves capacity usage ratio.Current distributed power supply mainly comprises internal combustion engine, miniature gas turbine and three kinds of schemes of fuel cell.Wherein, fuel cell has very vast potential for future development because of it is efficient, the energy utilization patterns of environmental protection.
Fuel cell is a kind of chemical energy that will be stored in fuel and the oxidant, is converted into the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of electric energy.The conversion process of energy of fuel cell is not subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle, so energy utilization ratio is very high.Wherein, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell because of its higher current density and power density, widely fuel tolerance, do not melt salt corrosion and need not to use advantage such as noble metal catalyst, greatly be subjected to people and pay close attention to.
At present, announced the patent of some solid oxide fuel cell power generating systems, as CN1379494A, CN1674335A, CN101053105A, CN1708872A, CN1685552A, CN2819489Y etc., wherein most of patent is at the mixing application system under the large-power occasions.At low power distributed heat chp system, the relevant patent of unique discovery is CN101005144A, but both have visibly different feature.Compare with CN101005144A, the advantage of native system is: native system acts as a fuel with natural gas, fuel is carried out the outside reform the life-span of having improved the utilance and the battery pile of fuel; Designed start-up system; Designed residual neat recovering system, reclaiming heat preferentially provides reformer to reform, and the after-heat echelon is utilized, and distinguishes heated reformate gas, air and cold water, has improved the utilance of heat to greatest extent.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at problems such as the shortcoming of existing big electrical network centrally connected power supply and capacity usage ratio are low, a kind of distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery of practicality is provided, this system can be the isolated user heat supply of powering, the capacity usage ratio height has very wide economic outlook.
The invention of this reality solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted and is: a kind of distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery, it comprises Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, fuel feed system, air supply system, residual neat recovering system, control system and electric energy output system, under control system control, the fuel supply system air supply system of unifying needs at least to carry and is connected to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and generates electricity, the connection of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell generation electric energy is transported to the electric energy output system and externally powers, simultaneously, the waste heat system is connected and fixed oxide fuel cell used heat is recycled, it is characterized in that: fuel system is told one road fuel conduit and is carried the water vapour of coming after the carbonated drink mixing chamber mixes the interflow by pipeline with steam generator, carry together to be connected to cat reformer and to reform, the gaseous mixture that comes out from reformer connects the battery pile anode that is transported to solid oxide fuel again.
Described fuel system is told Third Road that another road and air supply system tell and is carried to be connected to by pipeline separately and start the combustion chamber and burn, and the gas after the burning is carried by pipeline and is connected to cat reformer cat reformer is carried out heat supply.
Described residual neat recovering system includes exhaust gas combustion chamber, the tail gas of process fuel cell stack anode is as one the tunnel, through surplus air behind the negative electrode of battery pile in the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as another road, the first via that air supply system is told, and through starting the combustion chamber, the high-temperature gas mixture body of cat reformer, conveying is connected to exhaust gas combustion chamber and burns, burning back tail gas connects cat reformer successively by pipeline, fuel system is told heat exchanger on the way, air is altogether to the heat exchanger on the Third Road and the second tunnel in the system, with come on the way heat exchanger of cistern circulated water pipeline, they are heated, utilize the energy in the waste gas step by step, carry out waste heat recovery.
Described reformer adopts the structure of plate heat exchanger, one side scribbles the thin catalyst film of one deck, be used for mist by water vapour and natural gas, another side does not scribble catalyst film, be used to pass through heated air, by heat convection and heat conduction, offer reforming reaction institute calorific requirement and carry out catalytic reforming, the mist that makes water vapour and natural gas is between 1 to 5 under the condition in the mol ratio of water vapour and natural gas, feed in the reformer, between control reaction temperature 500~800 degree, obtain CO and H 2Mol ratio be gaseous mixture between 1.5 to 2.5.
Described fuel system is told on the way heat exchanger, air and is given the heat exchanger on the Third Road and the second tunnel in the system in parallel with electromagnetically operated valve separately altogether, regulates flow size by heat exchanger by the switch of electromagnetically operated valve.
The bottom of described carbonated drink mixing chamber is connected the ponding device by pipeline with valve, and then links together with the pipeline of water system.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: electricity generation system is independent, and floor space is little, is not subjected to ectocine; Pollute little, environmental friendliness; Adopt pipe natural gas as fuel used to generate electricity, fuel is easy to obtain; Fuel carries out prime and reforms the life-span of having improved the utilance and the battery pile of fuel; The heat energy that system produces is utilized by echelon, and energy utilization rate is very high; The mode of burning preheating is adopted in system start-up, and start-up time is short; System configuration is simple, and cost is relatively low, is particularly suitable for using on KW level distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a KW level distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery structural representation.
Picture in picture number is: 1-contaminant filter, 2-hand-operated valve, 3-flowmeter, 4-muffler, the 5-air pump, 6-pressure gauge, 7-mass flow control meter, 8-mass flow control meter, 9-mass flow control meter, 10-electromagnetically operated valve, the 11-heat exchanger, 12-thermometer, 13-air preheater, the 14-thermometer, 15-electromagnetically operated valve, 16-heat exchanger, the 17-thermometer, 18-desulfurizing device, 19-hand-operated valve, the 20-flowmeter, 21-muffler, 22-petrolift, the 23-pressure gauge, 24-mass flow control meter, 25-electromagnetically operated valve, the 26-heat exchanger, 27-thermometer, 28-igniter, 29-starts the combustion chamber, 30-mass flow control meter, 31-water tank, the 32-hand-operated valve, 33-water pump, 34-contaminant filter, the 35-ion filter, 36-mass flow control meter, 37-steam generator, the 38-flowmeter, 39-carbonated drink mixing chamber, 40-hand-operated valve, the 41-hand-operated valve, 42-ponding device, 43-reformer, the 44-thermometer, 45-check-valves, 46-deaerating plant, the 47-battery pile, 48-thermometer, 49-thermometer, the 50-deaerating plant, 51-check-valves, 52-igniter, the 53-exhaust gas combustion chamber, 54-thermometer, 55-thermometer, the 56-thermometer, 57-thermometer, 58-heat exchanger, the 59-hand-operated valve, 60-water pump, 61-contaminant filter, the 62-water tank, 63-hand-operated valve, 64-hand-operated valve, the 65-air, 66-natural gas, 67-emptying, the 68-emptying, 69-cold water, 70-hot water, the 71-forced air, 72-air, 73-air, the 74-air, 75-air, 76-air, the 77-air, the 78-air, 79-reacts residual gas, the 80-natural gas, 81-natural gas, 82-mist, the 83-mist, 84-steam, 85-natural gas, 86-reformation gas, 87-tail gas, 88-high-temp waste gas, 89-waste gas, 90-waste gas, 91-inverter.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Anticipate as shown in the figure, a kind of KW level distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery, it comprises Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, fuel feed system, air supply system, residual neat recovering system, control system and electric energy output system, under control system control, the fuel supply system air supply system of unifying needs at least to carry and is connected to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and generates electricity, the connection of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell generation electric energy is transported to the electric energy output system and externally powers, simultaneously, the waste heat system is connected and fixed oxide fuel cell used heat is recycled, these and traditional be similar.
Below the present invention is in depth described, air supply system wherein, the air intake line connects air pump 5 through contaminant filter 1, hand-operated valve 2, gas flowmeter 3 successively, pressure gauge on the connecting line 6 then, 5 pairs of input airs 65 of air pump are pressurizeed, forced air passes through hand-operated valve 2, gas flowmeter 3 and gas muffler 4 successively by after contaminant filter 1 dedusting.Pressure gauge 6 is measured the pressure of forced air 71 this moment.
The pressurised cleaning air 71 that enters system is divided into three the tunnel: first via air 72 is by 7 controls of mass flow control meter, enter in the exhaust gas combustion chamber 53 by connecting tube, both can be used as the combustion adjuvant of exhaust combustion, can be used as the tail gas refrigerating gas again, be used to regulate the tail gas mixture temperature.
The second road air 73 is by 8 controls of mass flow control meter, and by the valve with electrically motorized operation 10 and the heat exchanger 11 of parallel connection, jointing temp meter 12 passes through air preheater 13 again, and jointing temp meter 14 connects the negative electrode that leads to battery pile 47.By the flow of control valve with electrically motorized operation 10 controls, reach the purpose of control air 75 temperature by the heated air 74 of heat exchanger 11.Heated air 75 enters the negative electrode of battery pile 47 by air preheater 13 post bake.Thermometer 12 is measured air 75 temperature before the post bake, and thermometer 14 is measured the temperature of advancing to pile air 76.Battery pile 47 cathode sides reaction residual gas 79 directly feeds exhaust gas combustion chamber 53 by pipeline, and thermometer 48 is used to measure the temperature of residual gas 79.
Third Road air 77 is by 9 controls of mass flow control meter, and by the valve with electrically motorized operation 15 and the heat exchanger 16 of parallel connection, jointing temp meter 17 connects towards starting combustion chamber 29, as the combustion adjuvant that starts burning.Similar with valve with electrically motorized operation 10 and heat exchanger 11 effects, valve with electrically motorized operation 15 and heat exchanger 16 are used to control the into temperature of startup combustion chamber air 78, and thermometer 17 is used to measure the temperature value of air 78.
In the fuel feed system, fuel conduit connects hand-operated valve 19 through desulfurizing device 18, through gas flowmeter 20 and gas muffler 21, connects fuel gas pump 22.22 pairs of inputs of fuel gas pump natural gas 66 is pressurizeed, pressurized natural gas is removed sulfur-containing compound in the natural gas by desulfurizing device 18, then successively by hand-operated valve 19, and gas flowmeter 20, gas muffler 21, pressure gauge 23 is measured the pressure of pressurized natural gas 79 this moment.
The pressurized natural gas 80 that enters system is divided into two-way: first via natural gas is by 24 controls of mass flow control meter, and by the valve with electrically motorized operation 25 and the heat exchanger 26 of parallel connection, jointing temp meter 17 connects feeding then and starts in the combustion chamber 29, as burnt fuel.Similar with the front, valve with electrically motorized operation 25 and heat exchanger 26 are used to control the into temperature of startup combustion chamber natural gas 81.Air 78 mixes in starting combustion chamber 29 with natural gas 81, is lighted by igniter 28.The mist 82 that carries high temperature is by reformer 43, and gas heat is used for the heated reformate device, and the mist 83 after the heat exchange feeds in the exhaust gas combustion chamber 53.Thermometer 54 is used to measure the temperature of mist 83.
The second road natural gas is by 30 controls of mass flow control meter, be used to reform, be connected to carbonated drink mixing chamber 39 then, water tank 31 is through hand-operated valve 32 water pumps 33, pass through contaminant filter 34 and ion filter 35 then, connect mass flow controller 36, be divided into two-way, one road water receiving vapour generator 37, through connecing steam heater 39 behind the steam generator 37, carry then and be connected to cat reformer 39, the bottom of steam heater 39 connects ponding device 42 through hand-operated valve 40, and water butt 42 collaborates with another road again.The water that water pump 33 is extracted in the water tank 31 after contaminant filter 34 and ion filter 35 filtrations, is sent in the steam generator 37.Steam generator 37 produces water vapour 84, measures flow by flowmeter 38.Water vapour 84 is sent in the carbonated drink mixing chamber 39 with natural gas 85, mixes, and mist is sent into and carried out catalytic reforming in the cat reformer 43.Superfluous water steam in the carbonated drink mixing chamber 39 enters in the ponding device 42 by hand-operated valve 40 controls, when the water yield surpasses the last emptying 67 of carrying out in limited time.
The similar of crucial part reformer 43 of the present invention is in plate heat exchanger, and one side scribbles the thin catalyst film of one deck, is used for by the mist of water vapour 84 with natural gas 85; Another side does not scribble catalyst film, is used for by high-temperature gas mixture body 82 and high-temp waste gas 88.By heat convection and heat conduction, offer reforming reaction institute calorific requirement and carry out catalytic reforming.The mist of steam 84 and natural gas 85 (mol ratio of water vapour and natural gas is between 1 to 5, preferred 3.5) feeds in the reformer, between control reaction temperature 500~800 degree, obtains CO and H 2Mol ratio be gaseous mixture 86 between 1.5 to 2.5.Reformation gas 86 after the reforming reaction is successively by unidirectional valve 45 and deaerating plant 46, and connection is sent in the anode of battery pile 47.
In the residual neat recovering system, after the anode reaction, tail gas 87 connects and sends in the exhaust gas combustion chamber 53 successively by deaerating plant 50 and unidirectional valve 51.Thermometer 44 is measured respectively with thermometer 49 and is gone into to pile reformation gas 86 and the temperature that goes out to pile tail gas 87.Tail gas gaseous mixture in the exhaust gas combustion chamber 53 is lighted by igniter 52, and high-temp waste gas 88 connects successively and passes through cat reformer 43, heat exchanger 26, and heat exchanger 16, heat exchanger 11 is used for the heating of reformer, fuel, air.Thermometer 55 and thermometer 57 are used to measure the temperature of high-temp waste gas 88 and waste gas 89.Waste gas 89 is last by heat exchanger 58, the recirculated water that heating pump 60 extracts from water tank 62.The hot water of heating is sent to user 70, and waste gas 90 is drained 68.
The direct current that electric energy output system, fuel cell are sent changes industrial-frequency alternating current output into by inverter 91.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery, it comprises Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, fuel feed system, air supply system, residual neat recovering system, control system and electric energy output system, under control system control, the fuel supply system air supply system of unifying needs at least to carry and is connected to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and generates electricity, the connection of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell generation electric energy is transported to the electric energy output system and externally powers, simultaneously, the waste heat system is connected and fixed oxide fuel cell used heat is recycled, it is characterized in that: fuel system is told one road fuel conduit and is carried the water vapour of coming after the carbonated drink mixing chamber mixes the interflow by pipeline with steam generator, carry together to be connected to cat reformer and to reform, the gaseous mixture that comes out from reformer connects the battery pile anode that is transported to solid oxide fuel again.
2, distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fuel system tells Third Road that another road and air supply system tell and carry to be connected to by pipeline separately and start the combustion chamber and burn, the gas after the burning is carried by pipeline and is connected to cat reformer cat reformer is carried out heat supply.
3, distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described residual neat recovering system includes exhaust gas combustion chamber, the tail gas of process fuel cell stack anode is as one the tunnel, through surplus air behind the negative electrode of battery pile in the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as another road, the first via that air supply system is told, and through starting the combustion chamber, the high-temperature gas mixture body of cat reformer, conveying is connected to exhaust gas combustion chamber and burns, burning back tail gas connects cat reformer successively by pipeline, fuel system is told heat exchanger on the way, air is altogether to the heat exchanger on the Third Road and the second tunnel in the system, with come on the way heat exchanger of cistern circulated water pipeline, they are heated, utilize the energy in the waste gas step by step, carry out waste heat recovery.
4, distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described reformer adopts the structure of plate heat exchanger, one side scribbles the thin catalyst film of one deck, be used for mist by water vapour and natural gas, another side does not scribble catalyst film, be used to pass through heated air, by heat convection and heat conduction, offer reforming reaction institute calorific requirement and carry out catalytic reforming, the mist that makes water vapour and natural gas is between 1 to 5 under the condition in the mol ratio of water vapour and natural gas, feed in the reformer, between control reaction temperature 500~800 degree, obtain CO and H 2Mol ratio be gaseous mixture between 1.5 to 2.5.
5, distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described fuel system tells on the way heat exchanger, air and give the heat exchanger on the Third Road and the second tunnel in the system in parallel with electromagnetically operated valve separately altogether, regulate flow size by heat exchanger by the switch of electromagnetically operated valve.
6, distributed combined heat and power generation system of solid-oxide fuel battery according to claim 5 is characterized in that the bottom of described carbonated drink mixing chamber is connected the ponding device by pipeline with valve, and then links together with the pipeline of water system.
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CN102395525A (en) * 2009-04-17 2012-03-28 松下电器产业株式会社 Hydrogen generation device and fuel cell system equipped with same
CN102456897A (en) * 2010-10-20 2012-05-16 上海新奥能源科技有限公司 Combined electricity-heat-cold supply system based on fuel cell
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