CN101494504B - Automatic control optical module with constant average light power and extinction ratio based on singlechip - Google Patents
Automatic control optical module with constant average light power and extinction ratio based on singlechip Download PDFInfo
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- CN101494504B CN101494504B CN2008102368648A CN200810236864A CN101494504B CN 101494504 B CN101494504 B CN 101494504B CN 2008102368648 A CN2008102368648 A CN 2008102368648A CN 200810236864 A CN200810236864 A CN 200810236864A CN 101494504 B CN101494504 B CN 101494504B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic control optical module of average optical power and constant extinction ratio based on a single chip microprocessor and relates to an optical module in the optical communication field, in particular to a structure of the optical module and a control method thereof. The main structure of the optical module is as follows: the single chip microprocessor (1), a digital-to-analog converter (2), a laser driving circuit (4), a laser component (7) and a backlight current sampling circuit (5) are connected in sequence so as to realize constant control of average optical power; the single chip microprocessor (1), the digital-to-analog converter (2), the laser driving circuit (4), the laser component (7) and a temperature sampling circuit (3) are connected with the single chip microprocessor (1) in sequence so as to realize constant control of extinction ratio. The invention has simple circuit, good control effect, high precision, fast response and convenient application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical module in the optical communication field, relate in particular to the constant automatic control optical module of a kind of SCM Based average light power and extinction ratio; Specifically, the structure and the control method thereof that relate to optical module.
Background technology
Along with the development of optical communication network transmission capacity, more and more to the optical module demand of compact package, through littler volume and lower cost, higher access density is provided, finally improve user's access capacity.Reducing of optical module volume makes the inside modules temperature raise, and adds that intermodule is apart from more approaching in the whole system, and the peripheral temperature of module work has also raise, and this performance impact to module is very big.Because the characteristic of laser changes with variations in temperature, when the design optical module, need think over the relation between laser parameter and the temperature.
When the design optical module, there are two crucial parameters to want emphasis to consider: average light power and extinction ratio.The slope and the threshold current of the luminous power-current curve of these two parameters and laser diode are closely bound up, and the characteristics that the performance of laser shows change with variations in temperature exactly.In the whole onboard temperature working range of optical module, keep average light power and extinction ratio constant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just is to provide a kind of SCM Based average light power and extinction ratio constant automatic control optical module to the temperature variant characteristics of optical module characteristic.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
Adopt single-chip microcomputer, high precision digital-to-analog converter,, realize the adjusting of optical module average light power and extinction ratio and stablize through software control and the mode of tabling look-up.
1, the constant control of average light power
Because diode linearity degree backlight is little with variations in temperature, use so utilize this characteristic can do optical power monitoring;
Single-chip microcomputer, digital to analog converter, drive circuit for laser, laser assembly, back facet current sample circuit and single-chip microcomputer connect to form closed control circuit successively;
Concrete controlled step is following:
1. carry out power through host computer and report calibration; One biased electrical flow point is set, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, the back facet current sample circuit is converted into voltage to this power; Be input to after single-chip microcomputer carries out analog-to-digital conversion, export diode current backlight and give host computer; Same method is provided with an other biased electrical flow point, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, and single-chip microcomputer is exported diode current backlight and is given host computer.Through above data computation formula: P=KI
PbConstant K, b among the+b;
2. through host computer layout setting output average optical power point, promptly set-point, bias current are adjusted the error range of step value, permission control;
3. single-chip microcomputer judges through the diode current backlight of sampling repeatedly whether average light power reaches in the error range of settings permission; If exceed error range, single-chip microcomputer increases through the stepping that is provided with or reduces bias current, controls average light power in the error allowed band.
2, the constant control of extinction ratio
Confirm that through repetition test temperature and modulated current are provided with table, utilize lookup table mode that modulated current is set and keep extinction ratio constant;
Temperature sampling circuit, single-chip microcomputer, digital to analog converter, drive circuit for laser and laser assembly connect to form open loop circuit successively;
Concrete controlled step is following:
1. through the corresponding voltage of thermistor sampling laser temperature, the input single-chip microcomputer carries out analog-to-digital conversion;
2. single-chip microcomputer passes through formula operation: T=aV
3+ bV
2+ cV+d is voltage transitions that temperature is tabled look-up;
3. single-chip microcomputer is found the modulation electric flow valuve under the relevant temperature, and output removes to control laser driver.
In addition, temperature and modulated current table are empirical values, because the device consistency problem; There is certain error in this empirical value; Adopted 4 calibration methods for revising this error: under four temperature of test module, keep the constant required modulated current of extinction ratio, these data input host computers calculate one group of smoothed data; Ask arithmetic mean with empirical value then, after the table that obtains deposit single-chip microcomputer in.
The present invention has advantage and good effect:
Circuit is succinct, controls effectively, and accuracy is high, and response is fast, convenient in application, adds the safety that protective circuit has guaranteed laser diode simultaneously.
Through actual detected, the error that the present invention controls average light power is ± 0.3dbm that the error of extinction ratio is ± 0.3db.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of this module;
Fig. 2 is the constant control upper computer software of the average light power of a this method flow chart;
Fig. 3 is the constant control single chip computer software flow pattern of the average light power of this method;
Fig. 4 is the constant control single chip computer software flow pattern of the extinction ratio of this method.
Wherein:
The 1-single-chip microcomputer;
The 2-digital to analog converter;
The 3-temperature sampling circuit;
The 4-drive circuit for laser;
5-back facet current sample circuit;
The 6-protective circuit;
The 7-laser assembly.
Embodiment
One, the structure of optical module
Like Fig. 1, optical module mainly comprises single-chip microcomputer 1, digital to analog converter 2, temperature sampling circuit 3, drive circuit for laser 4, back facet current sample circuit 5, protective circuit 6 and laser assembly 7;
Single-chip microcomputer 1, digital to analog converter 2, drive circuit for laser 4, laser assembly 7, back facet current sample circuit 5 and single-chip microcomputer 1 are connected successively, realize the constant control of average light power;
Single-chip microcomputer 1, digital to analog converter 2, drive circuit for laser 4, laser assembly 7, temperature sampling circuit 3 and single-chip microcomputer 1 are connected successively, realize the constant control of extinction ratio;
Temperature sampling circuit 3 is arranged near the laser assembly 7, obtains the temperature of laser assembly 7;
Protective circuit 6 is arranged between drive circuit for laser 4 and the laser assembly 7, realizes the protection to laser assembly 7.
Wherein:
* single-chip microcomputer 1, adopts Silicon Laboratories C8051F330, temperature, the luminous power of monitoring laser (LD), and control digital to analog converter (DAC) 2 is provided with bias current and modulated current.
Software comprises:
(1) luminous power and bias current formula calculate;
(2) Rth thermistor and T temperature conversion;
(3) modulated current and temperature compensation data table.
* digital to analog converter 2, adopt 10 higher DAC AD5315 band I2C interfaces of ADI precision.
* temperature sampling circuit 3, adopt field, village negative tempperature coefficient thermistor.
* drive circuit for laser (LDD) 4, promptly the ONET1101L by TI forms.
* the back facet current sample circuit 5, adopt high precision operating amplifier.
* protective circuit 6, are made up of triode and resistance, through software control.
* laser assembly 7, and VCSEL, F-P or Distributed Feedback Laser all can.
Two, control method
1, the constant control method of average light power
The constant control of average light power is through the diode backlight (PD) in the laser assembly 7; Take out the electric current of laser (LD) in proportion; Carrying out analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) sends into single-chip microcomputer 1 and judges; Single-chip microcomputer 1 send control data to give digital to analog converter (DAC) 2 afterwards, control drive circuit for laser 4 adjustment bias currents, thus the adjustment average light power keeps constant.
Luminous power and diode current formula backlight:
The mode of AC coupled is adopted in the design of optical module, and luminous power is mainly determined by bias current.Utilize laser diode backlight (PD) and the linear relation of luminous power, can draw following formula:
P＝KI
pb+b………………………………………………………………(1)
In the formula: P is an average light power, and Ipb is a diode output current backlight.K and b can confirm with two point method in the formula, and a bias current such as 20mA promptly are set earlier, measuring light power, an and then bias point such as 40mA are set, and measuring light power once more, the substitution following formula can get K, b value.
The upper computer software of the constant control method of average light power comprises following flow process:
Like Fig. 2,
1. the bias current A of first point is set;
2. judge whether to read the luminous power B under this bias current, be then to get into flow process 3., otherwise be turned back to flow process 2.;
3. the bias current C of second point is set;
4. judge whether to read the luminous power D under this bias current, be then to get into flow process 5., otherwise be turned back to flow process 4.;
5. through top two groups of data computation K, b value E.
Upper computer software is used LabView and is write, and what adopt with the slave computer communication is the mode that serial ports changes I2C.
This capability correction function can be proofreaied and correct under arbitrary temp, can under specific temperature, proofread and correct according to the optical module actual working environment, and the average light power control of optical module in the work of total temperature scope is just more accurate like this, and it is more stable to work.
The scm software of the constant control method of average light power comprises following flow process:
Like Fig. 3,
1. SCM program initialization F;
2. diode current G backlight takes a sample;
3. the magnitude of voltage substitution formula P=KI of flow process in 2.
Pb+ b calculates performance number H;
4. judging that given performance number deducts flow process and calculates the gained performance number in 3. and whether satisfy assigned error, is process ends then; Otherwise get into flow process and 5. adjust bias current I;
If the difference of 5. calculating gained power and given power does not satisfy error requirements, just adjust bias current J, get into flow process then 2..
After the emission optical power calibration has been set, average light power set point, bias current step value, permissible error are set again.After this this; Single-chip microcomputer 1 will read diode current backlight repeatedly; Judge whether average light power reaches set point; If surpassed set point error allowed band, single-chip microcomputer 1 can increase or reduce bias current gradually according to the bias current step value that is provided with, only to adjust to the error allowed band interior till.
2, the constant control method of extinction ratio
Extinction ratio is constant to be controlled to be open loop control; Through the temperature sampling circuit of forming by thermistor Rth 3; Become temperature inversion voltage input single-chip microcomputer 1 to carry out analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), convert to after the temperature, find corresponding D AC settings according to the temperature and the tables of data of digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) settings that exist in the single-chip microcomputer 1; Remove to control drive circuit for laser 4 adjustment modulated currents, thereby the adjustment extinction ratio keeps constant.
Extinction ratio control divides following several parts:
(1) Rth thermistor and T temperature conversion
Thermistor adopts field, village negative temperature coefficient Rth; According to the simulation software that the field, village provides, obtain the simulation curve of voltage and temperature, this simulation software has taken all factors into consideration the influence of various aspects error; Precision is higher; Can obtain one group of data according to this curve again, carry out 3 rank matches to these group data, can get the following formula of equation:
T＝aV
3+bV
2+cV+d…………………………………………………(2)
In the formula: T is a temperature, and V is an AD sampling gained voltage, and a, b, c, d are constant, and these constants are to be confirmed by top one group of data, and all writes this equation and constant in the single-chip microcomputer and to preserve, and the confession reduced temperature is used.When voltage of single-chip microcomputer (AD) sampling, just there is a temperature value corresponding with it through converting.
(2) modulated current and temperature compensation data table
Modulated current is to compensate by the mode of tabling look-up under high low temperature, and this form is to lean on a large amount of repetition test gained.Because the consistency of device exists certain difference, proofread and correct each optical module so use four-point method.
Be recorded under four temperature as-5 ℃, 25 ℃, 60 ℃, 75 ℃, the modulation electric flow valuve when keeping extinction ratio constant is confirmed constant a, b, c, d in the following formula (3) according to these data
I＝at
3+bt
2+ct+d…………………………………………………(3)
In the formula: I is the modulation electric flow valuve, and t is a temperature, and a, b, c, d are constant.
In the total temperature scope-5 ℃～75 ℃, every interval compensates for 2 ℃, brings temperature into formula (3) and calculates one group of modulated current smooth value.
Be further to improve control precision, obtain smooth value again after, can average with empirical value, deposit this mean value in single-chip microcomputer 1 then, as modulated current and temperature compensation data table.
The software of the constant control method of extinction ratio comprises following flow process:
Like Fig. 4,
1. read laser temperature L;
2. look into temperature and bias current table M;
3. modulated current 0 is set.
Claims (7)
1. SCM Based average light power and the constant automatic control optical module of extinction ratio is characterized in that: mainly comprise single-chip microcomputer (1), digital to analog converter (2), temperature sampling circuit (3), drive circuit for laser (4), back facet current sample circuit (5), protective circuit (6) and laser assembly (7);
Single-chip microcomputer (1), digital to analog converter (2), drive circuit for laser (4), laser assembly (7), back facet current sample circuit (5) and single-chip microcomputer (1) are connected successively, realize the constant control of average light power;
Single-chip microcomputer (1), digital to analog converter (2), drive circuit for laser (4), laser assembly (7), temperature sampling circuit (3) and single-chip microcomputer (1) are connected successively, realize the constant control of extinction ratio;
Temperature sampling circuit (3) is arranged near the laser assembly (7), obtains the temperature of laser assembly (7);
Protective circuit (6) is arranged between drive circuit for laser (4) and the laser assembly (7), realizes the protection to laser assembly (7);
1) the constant control method of average light power is:
Through host computer Control Parameter is set and gives single-chip microcomputer;
Controlled step is following:
1. carry out power through host computer and report calibration; One biased electrical flow point is set, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, back facet current sample circuit (5) is converted into voltage to this power; Be input to after single-chip microcomputer (1) carries out analog-to-digital conversion, export diode current backlight and give host computer; Equally, an other biased electrical flow point is set, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, single-chip microcomputer (1) output diode current backlight is given host computer, through above data computation formula: P=KI
Pb+ b,
In the formula: P is an average light power, I
PbBe diode output current backlight, K, b are constant;
2. the error range of controlling through host computer layout setting output average light power set point, bias current adjustment step value, permission;
3. single-chip microcomputer (1) judges through the diode current backlight of sampling repeatedly whether average light power reaches in the error range of settings permission; If exceed error range, single-chip microcomputer (1) increases through the stepping that is provided with or reduces bias current, controls average light power in the error allowed band;
2) the constant control method of extinction ratio is:
Confirm that through repetition test temperature and modulated current are provided with table, utilize lookup table mode that modulated current is set and keep extinction ratio constant;
Controlled step is following:
1. through the corresponding voltage of thermistor sampling laser temperature, input single-chip microcomputer (1) carries out analog-to-digital conversion;
2. single-chip microcomputer (1) passes through formula operation: T=aV
3+ bV
2+ cV+d is voltage transitions that temperature is tabled look-up, and in the formula: T is a temperature, and V is an AD sampling gained voltage, and a, b, c, d are constant;
3. single-chip microcomputer (1) is found the modulation electric flow valuve under the relevant temperature, and output removes to control laser driver circuit (4).
2. by the described automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Single-chip microcomputer (1) adopts Silicon Laboratories C8051F330, temperature, the luminous power of monitoring laser assembly (7), and control digital to analog converter (2) is provided with bias current and modulated current.
3. by the described automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Protective circuit (6) is made up of triode and resistance, through software control.
4. by the said automatic control optical module of claim 1, the upper computer software control flow that it is characterized in that being used for the constant control of average light power is following:
1. the bias current (A) of first point is set;
2. judge whether to read the luminous power (B) under this bias current, be then to get into flow process 3., otherwise be turned back to flow process 2.;
3. the bias current (C) of second point is set;
4. judge whether to read the luminous power (D) under this bias current, be then to get into flow process 5., otherwise be turned back to flow process 4.;
5. through top two groups of data computation K, b value (E).
5. by the said automatic control optical module of claim 1, the software control flow process that it is characterized in that being used for the constant control single chip computer of average light power is following:
1. SCM program initialization (F);
2. the diode current backlight (G) of taking a sample;
3. the current value substitution formula P=KI of flow process in 2.
Pb+ b calculates performance number (H);
4. judging that given performance number deducts step and calculates the gained performance number in 3. and whether satisfy assigned error, is process ends then; Otherwise get into flow process and 5. adjust bias current (I);
If the difference of 5. calculating gained power and given power does not satisfy error requirements, just adjust bias current (J), get into flow process then 2..
6. by the described automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is following to it is characterized in that being used for the constant control single chip computer of extinction ratio (1) software control flow process:
1. read laser temperature (L);
2. look into temperature and bias current table (M);
Modulated current (O) 3. is set.
7. according to the said automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that being used for the constant control method of extinction ratio:
Temperature and modulated current table are empirical values; Because the device consistency problem, there is error in this empirical value, has adopted 4 calibration methods for revising this error: under four temperature of test module; Keep the constant required modulated current of extinction ratio; These data input host computers calculate one group of smoothed data, ask arithmetic mean with empirical value then, preserve this group tables of data input single-chip microcomputer through host computer then.
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