CN101451815A - Coal-series lap seam mobile monitoring device and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Coal-series lap seam mobile monitoring device and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种煤系上覆岩层移动监测装置及其监测方法是在煤系上覆岩层中设置有监测孔，并在监测孔中由钢丝绳吊装有单元弹簧传感器监测装置，在地面上设置有数据采集装置接收信号由计算机储存处理，单元传感器测得离层量相加得到总下沉量，地面阻尼滚筒与传感器底座上连接的钢丝绳与钢丝绳标定的初始值相比得到总下沉量，地面全站仪和光学测量标志点与矿区测量控制点A和控制点B测量得到绝对高程变化量，三者进行比较，得到岩层移动量。该装置结构简单，监测方法方便快捷，实时在现，准确可靠，是监测煤矿回采岩层移动的有效装置及其方法。
A monitoring device and monitoring method for the movement of overlying strata in coal measures is that a monitoring hole is set in the overlying strata of coal measures, and a unit spring sensor monitoring device is hoisted in the monitoring hole by a steel wire rope, and a data acquisition device is arranged on the ground The received signal is stored and processed by the computer. The total subsidence is obtained by summing the separated layers measured by the unit sensors. The total subsidence is obtained by comparing the ground damping drum with the steel wire rope connected to the sensor base with the initial value calibrated by the wire rope. The ground total station The absolute elevation change is obtained by measuring the optical measurement mark point and the mining area measurement control point A and control point B, and the three are compared to obtain the movement amount of the rock formation. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and fast monitoring method, real-time presence, accuracy and reliability, and is an effective device and method for monitoring the movement of coal mining rock formations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock stratum mobile monitoring device and monitoring method thereof in a kind of process of coal mining, especially a kind of sensor depth monitoring stope working surface of coal mines that utilizes advances caused coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device and monitoring method thereof.
Background technology
Stope working surface of coal mines advances caused superincumbent stratum to move, cause adopt the surrouding rock stress field change be that coal mine roof plate collapse accident, coal and gas are outstanding, the root of rock burst, down-hole water leak accident and subsidence disaster, detecting the rock stratum mobile status in real time is the precondition and the important means of the generation of disaster prevention accident.
The patent that can obtain in disclosed document has, publication number is a kind of " the wireless boring multipoint displacement meter " of CN2153771, the wireless boring multipoint displacement meter of forming by detector, measuring staff, indicator, be that the positional information of magnet converts frequency signal in will holing with detector, behind modulated carrier, launch by the aluminum measuring staff, the wireless signal that sends by the indicator pick-up probe, therefrom demodulate the former low frequency signal that carries magnet positions information, and indicate magnet positions with gauge outfit, measure the rock mass deformation displacement.It is the wireless measurement instrument that is used for the deformation displacement measurement amount of inner different depth rock mass such as mine working country rock, stope top board, coal column and side slope.
The patent that can obtain in disclosed document also has, a kind of " bed separation displacement monitor " patent of CN1828220, it contains displacement transducer and information acquisition processing unit, the displacement conversion wheel is arranged, be connected with the transparent tube of grating ring, divide into little original screen panel, luminotron and photosensitive tube branch are in outside grating ring and the little original screen panel, on the displacement transducer stationary housing, tightly on the wire casing on the displacement conversion wheel, the infrared tube output terminal connects by Single-chip Controlling for line of pull, show, audible and visible alarm, the voltage-frequency conversion, the information acquisition processing unit input end that 485 communications and power transfer module are formed.Displacement monitor is fixed on the outer rock stratum, line of pull is fixed on the interior rock stratum, the straight-line displacement of line of pull becomes the rotation of grating by the displacement conversion wheel, the metering of the interference fringe that produces by relatively moving between two gratings, can measure the displacement between the rock stratum accurately in real time, the displacement calculating rate of change is used for colliery, other mine, underground works rock mass, back, support cylinder etc. is carried out scene and remote real-time automatic monitoring.
Find also that simultaneously known prior art also has, a kind of " stress monitoring instrument " patent of CN1851426, comprise by stress transmission mechanism, information translation mechanism, the strain gauge unit that scan driving mechanism and position-limit mechanism are formed and by single-chip microcomputer, the information acquisition processing unit that nixie display and voltage-frequency modular converter are formed, stress transmission mechanism is by spring base, spring and pressure-bearing post are formed, information translation mechanism is by the infraluminescence pipe of installing on scan arm and the scan arm, infrared receiving tube, little original screen panel and long grating chi are formed, scan driving mechanism is by transfer table, guide rail, retracing spring and memory spring are formed, be pressed on the transfer table by the depression bar on the compression leg, can become electric signal to the displacement conversion of the stress on the pressure-bearing post by grating, by the information process unit acquisition process, thus the variation of detection stress.
Above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part is: (1) in colliery underworkings or the stope inside ceiling panel hole of drilling, drilling depth can only be reached in the 10-15 rice by instrument or appointed condition restriction, so investigative range is limited; (2) influenced by environmental change bigger for the measurement operating mode of instrument in the installation site, because the continuous propelling of down-hole back production process, measured position is because roof and floor distortion and stride and fall to causing instrument to lose efficacy; (3) installation of instrument is with the constantly influence of variation of stope position, measure when can not be position long, so just can't measure the situation that mobile situation of change or the stope of stope by preceding rock stratum collapses and fall and move by above goaf rock stratum in a very long time afterwards; (4) to move changing value be a relative value measured rock stratum, do not bring under the three-dimensional geographic coordinate system, because tunnel or stope also have the generation of bulk deformation, therefore the data that record can not reflect the actual elevation change of measuring point; (5) owing to the uncertainty of down-hole geologic media, sensor is photoelectricity, magnetic or mechanical hook-up, and the existence of trickle or other factors is arranged in the boring that installs instruments, and measuring accuracy can be subjected to very big influence.
The face of land is moved with general employing of deformation observation and is set up observation station of ground movement or observe measurement in conjunction with the space remote sensing technology, and for top, coal seam to face of land hundreds of rice even go up the rock stratum interior change of km, be subjected to its mining influence, also do not have a kind of effective device and method to observe its real change in time and space state.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to monitor under the coal mine rock stratum, deep, stope top in real time up to the ground topsoil, is subjected to the separating location and the absciss layer amount of rock stratum behind the mining influence.Thereby provide a kind of coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device and monitoring method thereof.
The present invention's a kind of coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device and monitoring method thereof, adopt the theoretical method of the distortion of sensor spring with the microstrain expression, the preparation method of microstrain value, and the textural association of basic displacement transducer unit, sensor groups is formation such as installation aiding device in the rock stratum, and configuration corresponding data acquisition and Data Post device realize directly monitoring the stope roof until the complete sequence rock stratum on the face of land and moving of topsoil from ground, realizes that the technical scheme of its purpose is as follows:
A kind of coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention comprises sensor monitors device, data collector, terrestrial optical measurement mechanism, and its distinguishing characteristics is:
Described sensor monitors device is to be provided with monitoring holes in the coal measures superincumbent stratum, in monitoring holes, connect wire rope set collar on the tip sensor base, and the plural at least cell sensor of serial connection constitutes sensor groups and lifts in the monitoring holes by wire rope one end; The other end of wire rope is attached to and wound around pretension on the damping cylinder of locating in the ground monitoring aperture by the cell sensor mesopore; Cell sensor signal wire on the cell sensor spring is connected on the hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator by the cell sensor mesopore, is injected by cement mortar to strike up partnership between the inwall of the outer wall of cell sensor shell and monitoring holes;
Described cell sensor is one one end sealing, the cylindrical shape cell sensor shell of other end opening, the interior outer face of its blind end is provided with fixing card of cell sensor spring and cell sensor mesopore, and the external diameter of the opening internal diameter of outer face and its cell sensor shell is corresponding; Be rotatably connected in the fixing card of cell sensor spring on its blind end inner face and be fixed with the cell sensor spring, the other end of cell sensor spring extends to outside the cell sensor shell; The cell sensor spring is provided with strain transducer, and the cell sensor signal wire on the unit strain transducer extends to blind end by the cell sensor mesopore and constitutes outward;
Described cell sensor group is that the cell sensor spring by extension termination in the plural at least cell sensor shell is rotatably connected and is fixed in the opening of another cell sensor shell outer face; The rotation of the lower end of cell sensor shell and cell sensor spring is inserted in the opening of outer face of another cell sensor shell in the lump, and the cell sensor signal wire on each unit strain transducer extended to outside the ground monitoring aperture by the cell sensor mesopore constitutes;
Described data collector is to insert the hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator at ground monitoring aperture place by the cell sensor signal wire of the strain transducer on the more than one cell sensor spring, and is connected on the computing machine and constitutes;
Described terrestrial optical measurement mechanism is to be connected and composed by the optical measurement monumented point that is arranged on monitoring aperture place, the mining area Surveying Control Point A and the mining area Surveying Control Point B that are arranged on beyond the minery coverage.
A kind of monitoring method that is used for above-mentioned coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention, this method follows these steps to carry out:
(1) signal of unit strain transducer is received by the hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator, and is transferred to storage and processing in the computing machine;
(2) when the cell sensor spring generation stretcher strain in the unit strain transducer, the unit strain transducer sends electric signal and reaches ground, receive by data collector, the signal data of machine record cell strain transducer as calculated, through data processing, promptly obtain real-time rock stratum separating location and absciss layer amount;
(3), promptly get total deflection that move the rock stratum in the monitoring holes scope with the measured absciss layer amount of each cell sensor addition in the above-mentioned steps (2);
(4) wire rope that will connect on monitoring aperture place's damping cylinder and the sensor base carries out pretension, and the scale location position that wire rope is located to set in the monitoring aperture is an initial value, when wire rope was stretched, its amount of tension was total deflection that move the rock stratum in the monitoring holes scope with the amount of tension that the initial value that wire rope is demarcated is compared;
(5) adopt total powerstation to the optical measurement monumented point, measure, monitor its elevation amount under terrestrial coordinate with mining area Surveying Control Point A and mining area Surveying Control Point B;
(6) measurement result of the rock stratum separating location of above-mentioned steps (2), (3), (4) and (5), absciss layer amount, total deflection and elevation change amount is calculated, obtained overall amount of movement in rock stratum and variable condition thereof.
A kind of coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention and monitoring method thereof, on the basis of existing technology, by scope to superincumbent stratum motion and destruction in the stope progradation under the coal mine, adopt the monitoring of multiple spot setting carrying out multiple spot, whole process monitoring in real time and analysis are carried out to the mobile status on ground in rock stratum, coal measures deep, obtain the force-bearing situation of coal measures rock stratum, and the time of coal measures rock stratum unstability and spatial variations situation, provide real first-hand basic data to various coal measures stope strata control and disaster problem.
The present invention compared with prior art, utilize colliery coal measures stope original geology inspecting hole in top or boring, multiple spot monitoring sensor device is set, the device and method that adopts the inner measuring point in coal measures rock stratum to combine with the terrestrial optical measurement, broken through the limitation of traditional monitoring installation method, enlarged monitoring range, the part, rock stratum is monitored in short-term by original to expand be omnidistance, when long, in real time, dynamic monitoring, monitoring of environmental is transferred to ground by the down-hole of inclement condition, broken through the restriction of subsurface environment condition, improve the scope of application of testing tool, guaranteed the precision of monitoring.
A kind of monitoring method that is used for stope of coal mines rock stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention, its advantage and good effect also are embodied in the measurement operating mode of instrument in the installation site, and influenced by environmental change less, be not subjected to continuous propelling, roof and floor distortion and the influence that collapses and owing to down-hole back production process; Measure when can be position long, can measure like this stope by preceding rock stratum mobile situation of change or stope by the back long-time in the above goaf rock stratum situation that collapses and fall and move; The measurement theory that adopts the inner measuring point in rock stratum to combine with the terrestrial optical measurement, it is absolute value that changing value is moved in measured rock stratum, again it is brought into three-dimensional geographic coordinate system, can overcome like this because tunnel or stope have the influence of the generation of bulk deformation to measured value, the data that record can reflect the actual elevation change of measuring point, and factor such as can not be subjected to the down-hole geologic media, install instruments is to the influence of measuring accuracy.
A kind of stope of coal mines rock stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention and monitoring method thereof can never be adopted the monitoring of strata displacement and to be begun monitoring, until the goaf subsides fully, even to land subsidence stable till, monitoring time can arbitrarily be determined.Whole monitoring device is simple in structure, accurately and reliably; Monitoring method is convenient and swift, and real-time online is efficient apparatus and the method that move the rock stratum in the monitoring stope of coal mines process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is coal measures superincumbent stratum of the present invention, goaf, coal seam, monitoring holes and ground monitoring system architecture synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is cement mortar in the monitoring holes of the present invention, cell sensor group and ground monitoring system architecture synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 is a cell sensor structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 4 is cell sensor I of the present invention-I cross-sectional view
Fig. 5 is cell sensor II of the present invention-II section plan structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 is a cell sensor unitized construction synoptic diagram of the present invention
Among the figure: 1: the coal measures superincumbent stratum; 2: the goaf; 3: the coal seam; 4: monitoring holes; 5: data collector; 6: optical measurement witness marker point A; 7: optical measurement witness marker point B; 8: the cell sensor shell; 9: the cell sensor spring; 10: the unit strain transducer; 11: unit strain transducer signal wire; 12: the fixing card of cell sensor spring; 13: optical measurement fixed signal point C; 14: hyperchannel dynamic strain instrument; 15: computing machine; 16: cement mortar; 17: the damping cylinder; 18: wire rope; 19: the tip sensor base; 20: the wire rope set collar.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment the embodiment of a kind of stope of coal mines rock stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention and monitoring method thereof is made further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the professional and technical personnel is after having read present embodiment, can understand and implement technical scheme of the present invention, and present embodiment is a detailed description of the invention, the present invention is not made any restriction.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1 is coal measures superincumbent stratum of the present invention, goaf, coal seam, monitoring holes and ground monitoring system architecture synoptic diagram, have in the geological formations in coal seam 3 in exploration, coal seam 3 is exploited, when coal seam 3 is just formed goaf 2 later by exploitation, along with continuous propelling to coal seam 3 exploitations, the scope in goaf 2 is also increasing, along with time lengthening, will cause and adopt the variation of surrouding rock stress field and cause coal measures superincumbent stratum 1 to be moved.
Implement stope of coal mines of the present invention rock stratum mobile monitoring device, be in the coal measures superincumbent stratum 1 in working seam 3 and goaf 2, adopt the method for existing boring, bore monitoring holes 4 or utilize existing ground exploratory hole, and around monitoring holes 4, data collector 5 is set.Optical measurement fixed signal point C is set on ground face goaf 2, outside 3 zones of ground face goaf 2 and coal seam, optical measurement witness marker point A6, optical measurement witness marker point B7 are set on ground far away, that be not subjected to mining influence, adopt spirit-leveling instrument or total powerstation regularly to carry out optical measurement, and compare with optical measurement witness marker point A6 and optical measurement witness marker point B7, monitor its relief displacement situation under terrestrial coordinate.
As Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cement mortar in the monitoring holes of the present invention, cell sensor group and ground monitoring system, implement stope of coal mines of the present invention rock stratum mobile monitoring device, it is the wire rope set collar 20 that in monitoring holes 4, connects on the terminal units sensor base 19 by wire rope 18, and passing through the 21 serial connection cell sensor formation sensor groups liftings of cell sensor mesopore up to the bottom of monitoring holes 4, the other end of wire rope 18 is connected on the ground damping cylinder 17 and carries out pretension marking tolerance.Monitoring holes 4 places on the ground are provided with a hyperchannel strain receiving instrument 14, the unit strain transducer signal wire 11 that each unit strain transducer 10 in connecting computing machine 15 simultaneously and being connected monitoring holes 4 is drawn, each cell sensor has unique numbering in sensor groups, a passage of corresponding hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator 14, record is known this passage upper sensor numbering and position, residing rock stratum in monitoring holes 4, after connecting, the unit strain transducer signal wire 11 of its connection must leave stope of coal mines rock stratum amount of movement, otherwise when moving in the rock stratum, unit strain transducer signal wire 11 is broken and is lost the measurement data of unit strain transducer 10.To be installed in then between the inwall of the outer wall of cell sensor shells 8 all in the monitoring holes 4 and monitoring holes 4 to inject and be consolidated into one, and make cell sensor shell 8 when coal measures superincumbent stratum 1 is moved, move together with cement mortar 16.Cell sensor spring 9 in monitoring holes 4 stretches along with moving of cell sensor shell 8, measures the degree of depth separating location and the absciss layer amount of its coal measures superincumbent stratum.
As Fig. 3 is cell sensor structural representation of the present invention, implement coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention, critical component is a cell sensor, cell sensor is one one end sealing, the cylindrical unit sensor outer housing 8 of other end opening, the opening diameter of its blind end is greater than the diameter of cell sensor shell 8, and the outer face of its blind end is provided with fixing card 12 of cell sensor spring and cell sensor mesopore 21.On the inner face of cell sensor shell 8 blind ends, also be provided with the fixing card 12 of cell sensor spring, and the rotation of an end of cell sensor spring 9 is screwed in the fixing card 12 of cell sensor spring on the inner face that is fixedly connected on cell sensor shell 8, the other end extends to outside the cell sensor shell 8, is used to connect the fixing card 12 of the cell sensor spring that is provided with on the outer face of another cell sensor blind end.
As Fig. 4 is the I-I cross-sectional view of cell sensor shell 8 of the present invention, shown in the figure, the fixing card 12 of the cell sensor spring that is provided with on the inner face of cell sensor blind end is corresponding with the diameter of cell sensor spring 9, make cell sensor spring 9 just in time rotate to be screwed into to be connected and fixed in the fixing card 12 of cell sensor spring, be provided with cell sensor mesopore 21 in the blind end centre and be used for leading to outside wire rope 18 and the effector signal wire 11 and connect.
As Fig. 5 is the II-II section plan structure synoptic diagram of cell sensor shell 8 of the present invention, and shown in the figure, the external end head diameter of cell sensor blind end is greater than the diameter of cell sensor shell 8, so that the termination of another cell sensor shell 8 of plug-in mounting.It is corresponding with the diameter of cell sensor spring 9 also to be provided with the fixing card 12 of cell sensor spring on the outer face of cell sensor shell 8, makes sensor spring 9 just in time rotate to be screwed into fixing the card in 12 of cell sensor spring to be connected and fixed.Being provided with cell sensor mesopore 21 in the blind end centre is used for leading to outside wire rope 18 and the cell sensor device signal wire 11 and connects.
As Fig. 6 is cell sensor unitized construction synoptic diagram of the present invention, be cell sensor spring 9 to be rotated in the cell sensor shell card 12 on the upper surface of another cell sensor shell 8 connect described in the figure, rotation along with cell sensor spring 9, the lower end of cell sensor shell 8 also is inserted in the lump in the upper port of another cell sensor shell 8 and constitutes sensor groups, the formation of this sensor groups is fixedly connected by the cell sensor spring 9 in the cell sensor shell 8, one termination of cell sensor shell 8 is inserted in another cell sensor shell 8 and constitutes by an active connection, and constitutes monitoring device of the present invention in the monitoring holes 4 of then sensor groups being packed in the lump.
A kind of monitoring method that is used for above-mentioned coal measures superincumbent stratum mobile monitoring device of the present invention, the ground survey method of this monitoring method is monitored according to relevant measuring method to geology and mine, the monitoring method of this device is after above-mentioned monitoring device installation is complete, after setting various measurement mechanisms in ground and communications signals, follow these steps to monitor:
(1) signal wire with many strain transducers 10 inserts on the hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator 14, and is transferred to storage and processing in the computing machine 15;
(2) when stretcher strain takes place in the sensor spring in the cell sensor 9, strain transducer 10 sends electric signal and reaches ground, receive by data collector, each cell sensor signal data of each position constantly of machine real time record as calculated, handle through data analysis, obtain real-time rock stratum separating location and absciss layer amount.That is: the rock stratum separating location is to determine that by the residing position of cell sensor that stretcher strain takes place the absciss layer amount is to be tried to achieve by the axial elongation amount λ and the spring wire shearing strain of corresponding spring by the electric signal size that this sensor is passed back:
In the formula: λ is the axial elongation amount of spring, n is the number of turns of spring, D is the diameter of spring, γ max is that spring wire is by the maximum shear strain that reverses generation, b is a rectangle spring wire cross-sectional width, h is a rectangle spring wire cross-sectional length, and the factor alpha of more than using, β depend on the value of h/ and b, can be checked in by following table:
| h/b | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | ∞ |
| α | 0.208 | 0.219 | 0.231 | 0.246 | 0.258 | 0.267 | 0.282 | 0.299 | 0.307 | 0.313 | 0.333 |
| β | 0.141 | 0.166 | 0.196 | 0.229 | 0.249 | 0.263 | 0.281 | 0.299 | 0.307 | 0.313 | 0.333 |
When the suffered external force F of spring is no more than certain limit and maximum shear τ max on the spring base xsect when being no more than the proportional limit of shear τ p of spring base material, distortion λ and external force F are linear.
(3), promptly get total deflection that move the rock stratum in monitoring holes 4 scopes with the measured absciss layer amount of each cell sensor addition in the above-mentioned steps 2;
(4) will connect 4 mouthfuls of monitoring holes locates damping cylinder 17 and carries out pretension with wire rope 18 on the sensor base 19, wire rope 18 is an initial value at the location position of 4 mouthfuls of monitoring holes, when wire rope 18 is stretched, its amount of tension is total deflection that move the rock stratum in monitoring holes 4 scopes with the amount that the initial value that wire rope 18 is demarcated is compared, and moves total deflection with the rock stratum that records in the step (3) and checks mutually;
(5) adopt total powerstation and mining area Surveying Control Point A6 and mining area Surveying Control Point B7 to measure, the elevation change amount of monitoring optical measurement monumented point 13 under terrestrial coordinate;
(6) changing condition of the rock stratum separating location of monitoring above-mentioned steps (2), (3), (4) and (5), absciss layer amount, total deflection and elevation amount, and above-mentioned steps (2) is recorded the absciss layer amount (get on the occasion of) of rock stratum, above-mentioned steps (3) and step (4) record total deflection of moving the rock stratum (get on the occasion of), and (negative value is got in rising to record monumented point elevation amount with above-mentioned steps (5), descend get on the occasion of) addition, definite elevation change amount that the rock stratum of absciss layer takes place obtains overall amount of movement in rock stratum and variable condition thereof.
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Cited By (18)
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| CN102384739A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-03-21 | 西安欣源测控技术有限公司 | Displacement sensor of infilling body |
| CN103216236A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-07-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for reducing subsidence of stope overburden bed separation by grouting |
| CN103335631A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-10-02 | 山东科技大学 | Online stratum movement monitoring device and method |
| CN103528489A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-22 | 安徽理工大学 | Monitoring method and device for subsidence of rock strata in overlying bending and sinking zone of goaf |
| CN103528563A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-22 | 安徽理工大学 | Goaf subsidence region sinkage monitoring system and method |
| CN103742143A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-23 | 上海大屯能源股份有限公司 | Dual-probe detection method of horizontal deformation caused by overburden failure by mining |
| CN104344785A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-11 | 河南理工大学 | Device for automatically testing amount of fine deformation of coal bed |
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2008
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