CN101448955A - 鉴定维生素d代谢改变的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供了鉴定维生素D代谢改变的个体的方法,该方法包括分析个体的生物学样品中是否存在CYP24 SNP和/或异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA。存在SNP和/或异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA表明该个体具有改变的维生素D代谢。还提供了为确定维生素D代谢改变的个体定制生物学活性维生素D化合物给药剂量的方法。
Description
本发明要求2006年1月31日提交的美国临时专利申请系列号60/763,565的优先权,该份申请的全部内容通过引用纳入本文。
本项工作受到国家癌症研究院(National Cancer Institute)基金号RO1-CA-95045-01、RO1-CA-67267-10、RO1-CA-85142-05和RO1-CA-112914-01的支持。政府对本发明享有一定权利。
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及维生素D相关疾病的领域,更具体地说涉及测定个体中维生素D代谢改变的领域。
发明背景
大量的流行病学数据提示维生素D的作用(vitamin D exposure)影响癌症(分别是前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌和淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和肺癌)、骨质疏松和自身免疫疾病,例如多发性硬化症的死亡率。与疾病发生有关的维生素D作用的标志是住所的纬度、循环性维生素D结合蛋白、维生素D血液水平和维生素D受体多态性。然而,认真研究这些因素以预测任何给定个体是否受到维生素D作用发生异常所获得的数据相互冲突。
对于治疗骨相关疾病,补充钙和维生素D是减缓老年人的骨丧失的有效疗法。大多数个体可在其饮食中获得足够的钙,但对于发现难以做到这点的人补(钙)是一种替代方法。对于老年人和不能获得自然阳光照射且饮食不佳的居家不出之人,单用钙作为骨质疏松的疗法作用有限,但联用维生素D特别有帮助。钙三醇是给予绝经后骨质疏松妇女的活化形式维生素D。钙三醇能促进肠道吸收钙,因为没有维生素D时钙不能吸收。然而,尚不知晓钙三醇吸收和代谢中存在的个体差异是否会影响钙三醇的作用。这种信息对于定制维生素D及其类似物、代谢物的剂量至关重要。因此,需要能鉴定具体个体的维生素D代谢是否可能发生改变的方法。
发明概述
本发明提供鉴定维生素D代谢可能改变的个体的方法。该方法包括获得该个体的生物学样品,测定没有钙三醇时是否存在某些CYP24单核苷酸多态性(SNP),和/或异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA,和/或正常剪接的CYP24 mRNA,其中没有钙三醇时存在所述SNP和/或异常剪接的CYP24和/或正常剪接的CYP24 mRNA表明该个体的维生素D代谢可能改变。
还提供了定制不会产生钙三醇那样大血钙反应(calcemic response)的钙三醇或钙三醇前体,或维生素D类似化合物的剂量的方法。该方法包括获得该个体的生物学样品,测定没有钙三醇时是否存在CYP24 SNP,和/或异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA,和/或正常剪接的CYP24 mRNA,根据这种鉴定,开出较低或较高剂量的钙三醇或钙三醇前体的处方。
附图简述
图1是描述维生素D代谢步骤的流程图。
图2图示了在未处理的和钙三醇处理的人癌细胞系中检测的CYP24酶活性。这些结果显示可根据它们的基线和钙三醇诱导的CYP24酶概况将人癌细胞系分为三类。类别I:基线和钙三醇诱导的CYP24活性可忽略的前列腺癌(LNCaP)和肺癌(H520)细胞系;类别II:钙三醇诱导的基线CYP24活性刚能检测到的前列腺癌(PC3)、乳腺癌(MCF7)和结肠癌(HT29)细胞系;类别III:基线和钙三醇诱导的CYP24活性高的前列腺癌(DU145)、乳腺癌(MDA231)、肺癌(A549)和结肠癌(HCT116)细胞系。
图3A-3D图示了CYP24 mRNA剪接模式和cDNA扩增概况。图3A图示了从外显子9到外显子11的CYP24基因,其是采用RT-PCR获得cDNA的引物位置的例子,得到正确剪接(280bp)和异常剪接(880bp)的产物。图3B图示了从外显子11到外显子12的CYP24基因和RT-PCR cDNA产物的大小,所述产物是不含预计SNP的CYP24基因的正确剪接CYP24 mRNA(150bp)以及存在预计SNP的包含内含子12序列的异常剪接CYP24 mNA(302bp转录物)。图3C是跨越CYP24 mNA的外显子9-11的未剪接或剪接CYP24 mRNA的cDNA扩增产物照片。图3D是各种癌细胞系的正确剪接(150bp)或异常剪接(302bp)的CYP24 mRNA的跨越外显子11-12的cDNA扩增产物照片。
图4显示了30位患者在口服给予高剂量钙三醇后,血清钙三醇清除率(清除半衰期(T1/2小时))和CYP24基因的外显子9和10之间的内含子序列SEQ IDNO:1的15752和15744位多态性之间的关系。TT/TT(分别在SEQ ID NO:1的15752和15774位)基因型的T1/2倾向显著低于TC/TC基因型,p-值=0.0377(单向,菲希尔精确检验(Fisher exact test))。T1/2越低,给定剂量的钙三醇的全身性作用越高。正常表达是纯合TT个体的表达。利用以下公式计算清除半衰期:T1/2=0.693/β,其中β是血清钙三醇浓度终末对数(terminallog serum calcitriol concentration)与时间的回归线的斜率。
发明详述
图1概述了维生素D的代谢步骤。肾脏和肝脏中分别存在1α羟化酶和24羟化酶(CYP24),这些酶参与维生素D的代谢和维生素D及其代谢物,例如钙三醇的全身性作用。此外,体内有几类细胞表达这些酶(例如,前列腺),因此,钙三醇的胞内合成和分解代谢也会以酶活性相关方式影响器官中的细胞维生素D作用。
CYP24是灭活钙三醇的线粒体酶。CYP24在体内不同细胞中的表达形式具有不同的酶活性,表明可发生不同的细胞或器官特异性水平的钙三醇作用,进而影响疾病发展。
术语“钙三醇作用”和“维生素D作用”与随时间推移的,特别是钙三醇治疗后的循环钙三醇水平相关。在本发明中,现已发现CYP24基因中的某些单核苷酸多态性(SNP)是剪接变体形式的CYP24 mRNA表达改变的标志。还证明所述SNP与CYP24蛋白的表达和功能相关。
基于这些发现,本发明提供鉴定维生素D代谢可能改变的个体的方法。该方法包括获得该个体的生物学样品,测定是否存在某些CYP24基因SNP,和/或异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA,和/或钙三醇不敏感的剪接,其中存在所述SNP和/或异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA和/或钙三醇不敏感的剪接表明该个体的维生素D代谢可能改变。“钙三醇代谢改变”表示与不显示CYP24 SNP、CYP24mRNA异常剪接和钙三醇不敏感剪接的个体的钙三醇清除率相比,该个体显示体内钙三醇清除率较高或较低。除了钙三醇清除率改变外,与正确剪接的CYP24 mNA翻译的CYP24蛋白相比,个体的CYP24蛋白显示酶活性降低也表明“钙三醇分解代谢改变”。
“钙三醇不敏感的剪接”表示生物学样品中NA的主要形式是正确剪接的CYP24 mRNA,而不论CYP24 mRNA剪接前是否存在钙三醇。
“正确剪接的CYP24 mRNA”表示CYP24 mRNA不包含编码CYP24mRNA的外显子9-12的DNA序列之间的内含子所转录的任何多核苷酸序列。
“异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA”表示CYP24 mRNA包含编码CYP24 mRNA的外显子9-12的DNA序列之间的内含子所转录的至少某种多核苷酸序列。在这点上,人CYP24基因的基因组序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。正确剪接的CYP24mRNA产生的CYP24 cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。指定的CYP24外显子和内含子(转录成CYP24异核RNA)边界的核苷酸位置见表1。因此,通过比较表1和CYP24基因的基因组序列(SEQ ID NO:1)(以及通过比较SEQ ID NO:1与SEQ ID NO:2所示的cDNA序列),不难区分核苷酸序列与外显子和内含子,从而能测定任何特定的mRNA是否如本文所述为正确剪接或异常剪接。应该知道,如果需要也不难测定本文所述SEQ ID NO相关序列的互补核苷酸序列。
表1
外显子# | SEQ ID NO:1中起始处 | SEQ ID NO:l中结束处 |
1 | 589 | 1254 |
2 | 1476 | 1666 |
3 | 2904 | 3001 |
4 | 4884 | 4985 |
5 | 8741 | 8832 |
6 | 10011 | 10121 |
7 | 10990 | 11137 |
8 | 14690 | 14858 |
9 | 15648 | 15728 |
10 | 16229 | 16426 |
11 | 16524 | 16645 |
12 | 19012 | 20325 |
本领域技术人员还应知道,虽然可以通过测定mRNA序列来确定CYP24mRNA是否异常剪接,但不一定需要这种序列测定。例如,可以设计引物来扩增CYP24 mRNA,从而不难鉴定因包含mRNA中的内含子序列而造成cDNA大小改变的异常剪接mRNA。例如,在一个实施方式中,可在RT-PCR中利用正向和反向引物来扩增mRNA成为外显子9和11之间的内含子未被剪接的异常剪接CYP24 mRNA形式,然后分析该RT-PCR扩增产物的电泳迁移率。适于该目的的引物的例子包括正向引物序列ggactcttgacaaggcaacagttc(SEQ IDNO:3)和反向引物序列ttgtctgtggcctggatgtcgtat(SEQ ID NO:4)。在RT-PCR反应中利用该引物组合将某些癌细胞的CYP24 mRNA扩增成cDNA,显示异常剪接的mRNA序列为880个碱基对(bp),而正确剪接的CYP24 mRNA序列为280bp,因为正确剪接的CYP24 mRNA序列中不含内含子序列。
还发现可利用CYP24基因中的某些SNP来测定个体是否可能具有改变的维生素D代谢。例如,可鉴定CYP24基因中外显子12的开始位置-1处(SEQ IDNO:1中的核苷酸号19011;参见表2)的SNP,据信该SNP导致异常剪接的mRNA,该mRNA通过RT-PCR产生了含有SEQ ID NO:5所示序列的cDNA。在这点上,除了与异常剪接和钙三醇不敏感剪接的CYP24mRNA有关外,本文鉴定的某些SNP显示与CYP24酶活性改变有关。
外显子9和10之间以及外显子11和12之间的CYP24内含子中也存在关于个体具有维生素D代谢改变的可能性的SNP信息。表2也显示了这些SNP。对于编号1-4的SNP,正常序列是TTGG。
表2
SEQ ID NO:1中的SNP位置(SNP1-3在外显子9和10之间的内含子中,SNP4在外显子11-12之间的内含子中) | LNCaP | PC3 | DU145 | |
1 | 15752 | T | C | T |
2 | 15774 | T | C | T |
3 | 15876 | G | A/G | G |
4 | 19011 | G/T | G | G |
对于表2中的细胞系,LNCaP是对钙三醇生长抑制敏感的雄激素依赖性人前列腺癌细胞系,而PC3和DU145是不依赖雄激素的人前列腺癌细胞,相对耐受钙三醇生长抑制。这些细胞系可用于表征改变维生素D代谢的SNP和CYP24 mRNA剪接模式。
改变的维生素D代谢可延长钙三醇在循环中的生物半衰期,从而增强其作用,或可导致个体对钙三醇耐受。在人的一生中,这种变化估计会实质性地造成维生素D作用和骨疾病、癌症和自身免疫疾病的危险。因此,可用于确认需要维生素D治疗的个体中是否存在CYP24 mRNA的SNP和/或剪接模式,从而有助于定制钙三醇和相关化合物的剂量。当为任何目的给予钙三醇时,优化剂量估计是有益的,所述目的包括但不限于增强化疗剂的抗肿瘤活性或作为骨质疏松的治疗。具体地说,估计较低剂量的钙三醇能为本发明方法所鉴定的钙三醇分解代谢降低的个体提供有效的钙三醇治疗,而较高剂量可用于钙三醇分解代谢较高的个体(即,组成型活性CYP24蛋白)。例如,较低剂量可避免,或至少尽可能降低与钙三醇的治疗性给药经常相关的高血钙毒性。因此,在一个实施方式中,本发明提供通过鉴定可表明异常CYP24 mRNA剪接的SNP和/或鉴定异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA来优化每位患者的钙三醇剂量的方法,其中这种鉴定表明该个体的钙三醇分解代谢可能降低。具体地说,鉴定到存在表2中的4号SNP或图2D所示LNCaP的异常剪接mRNA可认为表明该个体的钙三醇分解代谢降低。如图3所示,通过分析患者样品获得其钙三醇清除率改变的证据,鉴定到存在表2中2号SNP处的胞嘧啶也能表明个体的钙三醇分解代谢降低。
在另一实施方式中,钙三醇分解代谢高的个体可能需要或耐受高剂量的钙三醇。据认为,“钙三醇分解代谢高”表示组成型表达的CYP24 mRNA和其蛋白质所致的钙三醇分解代谢。在这点上,不想局限于任何具体理论,但据认为对于钙三醇分解代谢正常的个体,没有钙三醇存在时CYP24 mRNA以未剪接或部分剪接的异核RNA存在。然而,据信钙三醇的存在诱导了钙三醇mRNA的适当剪接,从而自该适当剪接的mRNA翻译出功能性CYP24蛋白。然而,有些基因型无论钙三醇是否存在均产生正确剪接的CYP24 mRNA,因而认为这些基因型显示出钙三醇不敏感的剪接。因此,认为个体通过钙三醇不敏感剪接而主要存在正确剪接的CYP24 mRNA表明,该个体相比于普通个体可从较高剂量的钙三醇中获益。
本领域技术人员知道鉴定到钙三醇分解代谢可能改变的个体也可用于确定钙三醇前体的给药剂量方案,所述前体表示可在体内代谢成钙三醇的化合物。例如,鉴定到钙三醇分解代谢可能降低的个体便可估计利用较低剂量的维生素D或任何其它钙三醇前体仍可获得所需疗效。相反,鉴定到对钙三醇可能不敏感的个体便可估计利用较高剂量的维生素D或任何其它钙三醇前体才可获得所需疗效。
在另一实施方式中,鉴定钙三醇分解代谢可能降低的个体有助于设计利用维生素D类似化合物的给药剂量方案,与钙三醇相比,将所述化合物给予个体不会产生如此大(即程度较低)的血钙反应。短语“血钙反应”表示给予对象时生物学活性维生素D化合物导致的钙代谢变化。血钙反应包括但不限于血清钙浓度升高,饮食钙的肠道吸收增加,尿钙排出增加和骨钙动员(bone calciummobilization)增加。产生的血钙反应低于钙三醇的维生素D类似化合物的例子包括但不限于:1α,25-(OH)2-24-表-D2(1α,25-(OH)2-24-epi-D2),1α,25-(OH)2-24a-高-D3(1α,25-(OH)2-24a-Homo-D3),1α,25-(OH)2-24a-二高-D3(1α,25-(OH)2-24a-Dihom-o-D3),1α,25-(OH)2-19-降-D3(1α,25-(OH)2-19-nor-D3)和20-表-24-高-1α,25-(OH)2-D3(20-epi-24-homo-1α,25-(OH)2-D3)。
在另一实施方式中,鉴定可能具有高钙三醇分解代谢的个体有助于设计联用CYP24酶抑制剂和钙三醇的给药剂量方案。
本领域已知常规的钙三醇给药剂量参数,这些参数依赖于个体的年龄和体形以及施以钙三醇治疗的原因,例如所治疗疾病的类型及其阶段。例如,以成年透析患者为例,国家肾脏基金会(National Kidney Foundation)的《肾脏疾病预后生存质量指导》(Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative(“K/DOQI”)guidelines)推荐了钙三醇给药剂量。在一个例子中,对于4期慢性肾病的个体,合适的给药剂量是口服给予0.25mcg/天。然而,对于癌症治疗,给药剂量一般明显较高。例如,在不依赖于雄激素的前列腺癌的治疗中,合适钙三醇剂量的一个例子是口服给予60mcg/天(Tiffany等,J Urol.(2005)第174卷(3):888-92)。本领域技术人员应该知道,可以联用钙三醇治疗和其它药剂,例如化疗剂或钙,并且优化与组合治疗有关的钙三醇剂量属于本发明范围。
可从定制钙三醇给药剂量获益的疾病包括但不限于:癌症、甲状旁腺功能亢进和甲状旁腺功能减退、糖尿病、银屑病、伤口愈合、自身免疫疾病、结节病和结核病、慢性肾病、维生素D依赖性佝偻病、骨不完全性纤维发生(fibrogenisis imperfecta ossium)、囊性纤维性骨炎(osteitits fibrosa cystica)、骨软化症、骨质疏松、骨质减少、骨样硬化、肾性骨营养不良(renalosteodytrophy)、糖皮质激素拮抗、特发性高钙血症(idopathic hypercalcemia)、吸收障碍综合征、脂肪痢(steatorrhea)、热带口炎性腹泻、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
为测定个体中是否存在本文鉴定的一种或多种SNP,可收集该个体的生物学样品以提供DNA来源。例如,可分析从血液样品中的细胞分离的DNA。然而,可利用任何生物学样品。此外,除了全身性维生素D或钙三醇作用的信息外,还可评估个体局部受作用的能力。例如,分析骨髓样品可提供关于骨中维生素D累积/吸收的信息,从而能获得与疾病,例如骨质疏松有关的预测信息。
可通过各种方法检测DNA中是否存在多态性,所述方法包括但不限于聚合酶链式反应(PCR),与等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交(Wallace等NuclAcids Res 6:3543-3557(1978)),包括固定的寡核苷酸(Saiki等PNAS USA86:6230-6234(1989))或寡核苷酸阵列(Maskos和Southem Nucl Acids Res21:2269-2270(1993)),等位基因特异性PCR(Newton等Nucl Acids Res17:2503-25 16(1989)),错配修复检测(MRD)(Faham和Cox Genome Res5:474-482(1995)),变性梯度凝胶电泳法(DGGE)(Fisher和Lerman等PNAS USA 80:1579-1583(1983)),单链构型多态性检测(Orita等Genomics5:874-879(1983)),化学(Cotton等PNAS USA 85:4397-4401(1988))或酶促(Youil等PNAS USA 92:87-91(1995))切割异质双链DNA,依据等位基因特异性引物延伸的方法(Syvanen等Genomics 8:684-692(1990)),遗传学咬合分析(genetic bit analysis)(GBA)(Nikiforov等Nucl Acids Res 22:4167-4175(1994)),寡核苷酸连接试验(OLA)(Landegren等Science 241:1077(1988)),等位基因特异性连接链式反应(LCR)(Barrany PNAS USA 88:189-193(1991)),空位-LCR(gap-LCR)(Abravaya等Nucl Acids Res 23:675-682(1995)),和利用本领域熟知的标准方法的放射性和/或荧光DNA测序。
为测定CYP24 mRNA是否异常剪接,可采用任何合适的技术来分离mRNA和分析该mRNA的大小和/或序列。这些分析技术包括但不限于Northern印迹、RT-PCR扩增cDNA及其大小或序列分析、限制性片段长度多态性作图、核酸阵列分析和可用于或适用于测定CYP24 mRNA是否含有内含子序列的任何其它核酸表征技术。
在一个实施方式中,可检测给予钙三醇或钙三醇前体前后从个体获得的细胞中的CYP24 mRNA剪接,比较CYP24 mRNA剪接模式来测定培养时给予钙三醇或钙三醇前体是否诱导了CYP24 mRNA的异常或正确剪接。或者,可获得个体的细胞,经培养和检验来测定与钙三醇或钙三醇前体接触是否诱导了异常或正确剪接,其中异常剪接表明该个体的维生素D代谢改变。类似地,为测定CYP24 mRNA剪接是否钙三醇不敏感的,可分析给予钙三醇前后从个体获得的mRNA。或者,可获得个体的细胞,经培养并在有和没有钙三醇时检验来测定CYP24 mRNA的剪接是否对钙三醇不敏感。
虽然借助以下实施例说明了本发明,但这些实施例只表示描述了本发明的具体实施方式,绝非限制性的。
实施例1
本实施例分析了未处理和钙三醇处理的人(前列腺、乳腺、肺和结肠)癌细胞系中的CYP24酶活性以表征它们分解代谢钙三醇的能力。鉴定到三种不同CYP24酶活性概况,三种前列腺癌细胞系(LNCaP、PC3和DU145)各自表现出不同的CYP24酶活性概况(图2)。
我们仔细检验了三种人癌细胞系中CYP24的结构来测定钙三醇处理对外显子9和10之间的CYP24 mRNA剪接以及对外显子11-12大小的影响(图3A和3B)。PCR分析显示了表现出不同CYP24酶活性概况的癌细胞系中外显子9和10之间的组成型和钙三醇诱导的不同剪接模式和外显子11-12片段的大小(比较图2与图3C和3D)。用于检测外显子9和11之间剪接的正向引物和反向引物分别由SEQ ID NO:3和SEQ ID NO:4构成。这些数据证明CYP24蛋白存在不同同种型,进而表明通过异常mRNA剪接可产生变体,例如这些变体。
实施例2
本实施例证明了钙三醇处理对CYP24 mRNA剪接有某些作用。为获得本实施例所示的结果,我们进行了半定量RT-PCR分析,如图3C所示,该分析显示根据有大小不同的两种CYP24外显子11-12转录物,可观察到低分子量转录物(135bp)和高分子量转录物(307bp)。在这三种前列腺癌细胞系中,钙三醇处理(T)调节了这两种不同转录物的相对表达。如表3所示(D3=钙三醇),在这三种前列腺癌细胞系中,CYP24酶活性与低分子量转录物的表达有关,表3描述了前列腺癌细胞系中钙三醇处理前(图3中的“C”)和后(图3种的“T”)CYP24蛋白活性表型与外显子11-12转录物大小之间的关系。测序研究证明剪接体(splicesome)识别位点中的G/T SNP导致CYP24外显子11和外显子12之间插入了内含子序列,从而造成转录物的大小差异(图3B)。
表3
实施例3
本实施例分析了某些CYP24多态性的临床分支(clinical ramification)。为获得本实施例所示的数据,我们分析了DNA样品外显子9和10之间内含子中的CYP24多态性,所述样品从口服给予高剂量钙三醇治疗的30位癌症患者中获得。这些结果(图4)证明CYP24多态性与血清钙三醇清除半衰期(T1/2)有关,血清钙三醇清除半衰期是钙三醇治疗后,全身性钙三醇清除率以及由此的全身性作用的药代动力学的衡量。(Smith DC等,Clin Cancer Res.1999;5:1339-1345)。
图4所示的数据表明对钙三醇作用的患者间差异部分与CYP24多态性有关。近年来,钙三醇在晚期前列腺癌的男性随机试验中显示能增强多西他赛的抗肿瘤活性。实质性的临床前数据表明钙三醇的增强作用与剂量有关,因此,按照本文所示的结果,临床试验中钙三醇的作用与CYP24多态性有关,所以估计通过这种不难检测的患者特征可确定钙三醇治疗的疗力。
以上对具体实施方式的描述是出于说明的目的,而不应理解成限制性的。本领域技术人员根据本发明的指导应认识到可作出各种改进和改变而不脱离本发明构思。
序列表
<110>L.J.科格奈特(Coignet,Lionsl J)
<120>鉴定维生素D代谢改变的方法
<130>003551.00199
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<151>2006-01-31
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<223>CYP24 mRNA的RT-PCR引物
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<210>4
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<213>人工
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<223>CYP24 mRNA的RT-PCR引物
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Claims (18)
1.一种测定个体是否可能具有改变的钙三醇分解代谢的方法,其中,所述方法包括:
a)获得个体的生物学样品;和
b)测定是否存在
i)至少一种表2所列的单核苷酸多态性(SNP);
ii)异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA;
iii)钙三醇不敏感的剪接;或
iv)i)到iii)的组合;
其中测定i)、ii)或它们的组合表明,与不具有i)或ii)的个体相比,该个体可能具有降低的钙三醇分解代谢,其中存在iii)表明与不具有iii)的个体相比,该个体可能具有高的钙三醇分解代谢。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,先将钙三醇给予个体来诱导所述CYP24 mRNA的异常剪接,再获得该个体的生物学样品。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA包含从CYP24基因内含子11和12之间的内含子转录的多核苷酸序列。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一种SNP是表2所示的4号SNP。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,通过RT-PCR扩增CYP24mRNA以获得CYP24 cDNA,相比于大小已知的标记来分析该cDNA的大小以鉴定异常剪接的CYP24 cDNA,从而确定异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA是否存在。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,利用具有如SEQ ID NO:3所示序列的第一引物和具有SEQ ID NO:4所示序列的第二引物进行所述RT-PCR,其中所述RT-PCR扩增包含CYP24基因外显子9和10之间内含子的核苷酸序列和/或CYP24基因外显子10和11之间内含子的核苷酸序列的cDNA。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过以下方式确定至少一种SNP的存在或不存在:通过PCR扩增CYP24基因中包含CYP24基因外显子9和CYP24基因外显子10之间的内含子序列的区域以获得PCR扩增产物,分析该PCR扩增产物的序列以确定所述至少一种SNP的存在或不存在。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过以下方式确定至少一种SNP的存在或不存在:通过PCR扩增CYP24基因中包含CYP24基因外显子11和CYP24基因外显子12之间的内含子序列的区域以获得PCR扩增产物,分析该PCR扩增产物的序列以确定所述至少一种SNP的存在或不存在。
9.一种测定需要维生素D治疗的个体的钙三醇、钙三醇前体或维生素D类似化合物的给药剂量方案的方法,其中所述维生素D类似化合物产生的血钙反应低于钙三醇产生的血钙反应,所述方法包括:
a)获得个体的生物学样品;和
b)测定该生物学样品中是否存在
i)至少一种表2所列的SNP;
ii)异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA;或
iii)钙三醇不敏感的剪接;或
iv)i)到iii)的组合;
其中存在i)或ii)或它们的组合表明,与不具有i)或ii)的需要维生素D治疗的个体相比,该个体是较低剂量钙三醇、钙三醇前体或维生素D类似物的候选对象,并且其中存在iii)表明与不具有iii)的需要维生素D治疗的个体相比,该个体是较高剂量钙三醇或钙三醇前体的候选对象。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,先将钙三醇、钙三醇前体或维生素D类似物给予个体来诱导所述CYP24 mRNA的异常剪接,再获得该个体的生物学样品。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钙三醇前体选自:维生素D和胆钙化甾醇。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述维生素D类似化合物选自:1α,25-(OH)2-24-表-D2,1α,25-(OH)2-24a-高-D3,1α,25-(OH)2-24a-二高-D3,1α,25-(OH)2-19-降-D3和20-表-24-高-1α,25-(OH)2-D3。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述异常剪接的CYP24mRNA包含从CYP24基因内含子9和10之间的内含子或CYP24基因内含子11和12之间的内含子转录的多核苷酸序列。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,将钙三醇、钙三醇前体或维生素D类似物给予个体,然后测定是否存在钙三醇不敏感的剪接。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一种SNP是表2所示的4号SNP。
16.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,存在钙三醇不敏感的剪接表明该个体是联用CYP24酶抑制剂和钙三醇或钙三醇前体治疗的候选对象。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,通过RT-PCR扩增CYP24mRNA以获得CYP24 cDNA,相比于大小已知的标记来分析该cDNA的大小以鉴定异常剪接的CYP24 cDNA,从而确定异常剪接的CYP24 mRNA是否存在。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,利用具有如SEQ ID NO:3所示序列的第一引物和具有SEQ ID NO:4所示序列的第二引物进行所述RT-PCR,其中所述RT-PCR扩增包含CYP24基因外显子9和10之间内含子的核苷酸序列和/或CYP24基因外显子10和11之间内含子的核苷酸序列的cDNA。
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CA2640094C (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2015-04-14 | Proventiv Therapeutics, Llc | Treating vitamin d insufficiency and deficiency with 25-hydroxyvitamin d2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 |
EP2037936B1 (en) | 2006-06-21 | 2014-06-11 | Proventiv Therapeutics, LLC | Method of treating and preventing secondary hyperparathyroidism |
DK2148684T3 (da) | 2007-04-25 | 2013-04-22 | Cytochroma Inc | Fremgangsmåde til behandling af vitamin D-insufficiens og -deficiens |
KR20190141269A (ko) | 2007-04-25 | 2019-12-23 | 사이토크로마 인코포레이티드 | 비타민 d 화합물과 밀랍성 담체를 포함하는 경구 조절성 방출 조성물 |
CA2714996C (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2020-04-07 | Cytochroma Inc. | Methods, compositions, uses, and kits useful for vitamin d deficiency and related disorders |
CN103037902A (zh) | 2010-03-29 | 2013-04-10 | 赛特克罗公司 | 用于降低甲状旁腺水平的方法和组合物 |
KR101847947B1 (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-28 | 옵코 아이피 홀딩스 Ⅱ 인코포레이티드 | 안정화되고 변형된 비타민 d 방출 제형 |
US10220047B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2019-03-05 | Opko Ireland Global Holdings, Ltd. | Adjunctive therapy with 25-hydroxyvitamin D and articles therefor |
KR20230056790A (ko) | 2016-03-28 | 2023-04-27 | 옵코 아일랜드 글로벌 홀딩스 리미티드 | 비타민 d 치료 방법 |
WO2020054659A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 多能性幹細胞から腸細胞の作製方法 |
JP7377486B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-10 | 2023-11-10 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 多能性幹細胞から腸細胞の作製方法 |
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US7427670B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2008-09-23 | Cytochroma Inc. | Cytochrome P450 24 (CYP24) monoclonal antibody and methods and uses thereof |
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CN107190054B (zh) * | 2016-03-15 | 2021-06-04 | 中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所 | 一种判定个体维生素d(vd)补充效能的方法 |
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